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The Birket Qarun Formation is an Eocene aged formation in Egypt. It is part of the famous [[Wadi al Hitan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Birket Qarun Formation |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displaySearchStrataResults?group_formation_member=Birket%20Qarun |website=PBDB.org}}</ref> Notable fossils include the ancient whales [[Basilosaurus]] and [[Dorudon]] as well as sirenians [[Eotheroides]] and [[Eosiren]]. It also contains the teeth of various [[sharks]] and [[reptiles]]. |
The Birket Qarun Formation is an Eocene aged formation in Egypt. It is part of the famous [[Wadi al Hitan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Birket Qarun Formation |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displaySearchStrataResults?group_formation_member=Birket%20Qarun |website=PBDB.org}}</ref> Notable fossils include the ancient whales [[Basilosaurus]] and [[Dorudon]] as well as sirenians [[Eotheroides]] and [[Eosiren]]. It also contains the teeth of various [[sharks]] and [[reptiles]]. |
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==Paleobiota== |
==Paleobiota== |
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Revision as of 15:34, 16 September 2024
Birket Qarun Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Eocene ~[1] | |
Type | Sedimentary |
Overlies | Gehannam Formation |
Thickness | up to 50 metres (160 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone, claystone, shale,limestone |
Location | |
Region | Faiyum Governorate |
Country | Egypt |
The Birket Qarun Formation is an Eocene aged formation in Egypt. It is part of the famous Wadi al Hitan.[2] Notable fossils include the ancient whales Basilosaurus and Dorudon as well as sirenians Eotheroides and Eosiren. It also contains the teeth of various sharks and reptiles. The area was likely a mix of both marine and freshwater area with many freshwater deposits being found alongside a marine influence from the Tethys Sea.
Paleobiota
Afrotheres
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eotheroides[3] | clavigerum | |||||
Dilambdogale | gheerbranti | |||||
Eosiren | libyca | |||||
Dimaitherium | patnaiki | |||||
Barytherium | sp. | |||||
Moeritherium[1] | lyonsi |
Bats
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Witwatia[4] | schlosseri, eremicus | |||||
Qarunycteris | moerisae | |||||
Aegyptonycteris | knightae |
Primates
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karanisia | clarki | |||||
Afradapis | longicristatus | |||||
Nosmips | aenigmaticus | |||||
Masradapis | tahai | |||||
Saharagalago | misrensis | |||||
Biretia | fayumensis, megalopsis |
Cetaceans
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dorudon | atrox | |||||
Basilosaurus | isis, cetoides | |||||
Masracetus | markgrafi |
Birds
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eopelecanus | aegyptiacus |
Crocodylomorphs
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomistoma | kerunense |
Testudines
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dacquemys | paleomorpha | |||||
Cordichelys | antiqua |
Squamates
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gigantophis | garstini | |||||
Pterosphenus | schweinfurthi | |||||
Tropidophiid | indeterminate | |||||
Russellophiid | indeterminate | |||||
Procerophis | sp. | |||||
Varanus | sp. | |||||
Booid | indeterminate | |||||
Caenophidia | indeterminate | |||||
Serpentes | indeterminate | |||||
Amphisbaenia | indeterminate |
Actinopterygians
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qarmoutus | hitanensis | |||||
Hydrocynus | sp. | |||||
Polypterus | sp. | |||||
Perciformes | indeterminate |
Chondrichthyes
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhizoprionodon | sp. | |||||
Macrorhizodus | praecursor | |||||
Negaprion | frequens, amekiensis | |||||
Nebrius | sp. | |||||
Alopias | sp. | |||||
Hemipristis | sp. | |||||
Triakidae | ||||||
Otodus[5] | sokolowi | |||||
Hexanchus | sp. | |||||
Squatina | sp. | |||||
Leptocharias | sp. | |||||
Carcharias | sp. | |||||
Physogaleus | sp. | |||||
Abdounia | sp. | |||||
Crassescyliorhinus | sp. | |||||
Galeocerdo | sp. | |||||
Brachycarcharias | cf.twiggsensis |
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Torpedo | sp. | |||||
Narcine | sp. | |||||
Coupatezia | wousteri, attiai | |||||
Propristis | schweinfurthi | |||||
Anoxypristis | mucrodens |
Molluscs
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carolia | placunoides | |||||
Ostrea | reili | |||||
Cubitostrea | multicostata | |||||
Claibornicardia | pharaonum | |||||
Acanthocardia (Schedocardia) | gehannamensis | |||||
Turritella | pharaonica | |||||
Amaea | niloatica |
Plants
Genus | Species | Member | Locality | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thalassodendron [3] | sp. |
References
- ^ a b Seiffert, Erik R.; Bown, Thomas M.; Clyde, William C.; Simons, Elwyn (2008), Fleagle, John G.; Gilbert, Christopher C. (eds.), "Geology, Paleoenvironment, and Age of Birket Qarun Locality 2 (BQ-2), Fayum Depression, Egypt", Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 71–86, doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73896-3_8, ISBN 978-0-387-73895-6, retrieved 2024-09-16
- ^ "Birket Qarun Formation". PBDB.org.
- ^ a b Zalmout, Iyad S.; Gingerich, Philip D. "LATE EOCENE SEA COWS (MAMMALIA, SIRENIA) FROM WADI AL HITAN IN THE WESTERN DESERT OF FAYUM, EGYPT". Univeristy of Michigan PAPERS ON PALEONTOLOGY. 37.
- ^ Gunnell, Gregg F.; Simons, Elwyn L.; Seiffert, Erik R. (2008-03-12). "New bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene, Fayum Depression, Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[1:NBMCFT]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ^ Underwood, Charlie J.; Ward, David J.; King, Christopher; Antar, Sameh M.; Zalmout, Iyad S.; Gingerich, Philip D. (2011-01-01). "Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Environmental Change in sub-Saharan Africa. 122 (1): 47–66. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.09.004. ISSN 0016-7878.