Memory Alpha: Difference between revisions

{{About|the website|the (fictional) Star Trek location|The Lights of Zetar}}

| name = Memory Alpha

| logo = [[Image:Memory Alpha Logo.png|center|Logo of Memory Alpha]]

| caption = Memory Alpha's main page on 2 April 2007

| content license = [[Creative Commons licenses|Creative Commons Attribution, Non-Commercial license]]

| commercial = Yes

| type = [[Wiki]]

| registration = Optional

| author = Dan Carlson<br />Harry Doddema

| url = [http://memory-alpha.org/wiki/Portal:Main memory-alpha.org]

| alexa = {{decrease}} 23,535 ({{as of|2012|2|2|alt=February 2012}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/memory-alpha.org |title= Memory-alpha.org Site Info | publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate= 2012-02-02 }}</ref><!--Updated monthly by OKBot.-->

'''Memory Alpha''' (often abbreviated to '''MA''') is a [[wiki]] that is an encyclopedic reference for topics related to the ''[[Star Trek]]'' fictional universe.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|first=James |last=Barron|title=It's an Auction, Jim, but Not as We Know It |date=July 6, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/06/nyregion/06trek.html?ex=1152849600&en=bb5649b7462124bc&ei=5070&emc=eta1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=It's a wiki world |first=Ivor |last=Tossell |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070112.gtweb12/BNStory/Technology/?page=rss&id=RTGAM.20070112.gtweb12|date=January 12, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The (mostly) wonderful world of Wikis. |work=Contra Costa Times |agency=Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service |first=Ellen |last=Lee |date=December 25, 2005}}</ref><ref>no byline (October 14, 2006). "Web watch: Star Trek sites abound", ''[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]'', p. F1</ref> Conceived by Harry Doddema and Dan Carlson in September 2003 and officially launched on December 5 of that year, it uses the [[wiki]] model and is hosted by [[Wikia, Inc.]] on the [[MediaWiki]] software. According to Jane Klobas, the site is a large and vibrant resource.<ref>{{cite book | last = Klobas | first = Jane | title = Wikis: Tools for Information Work and Collaboration: Tools for Information Work and Collaboration | publisher = Chandos Publishing (Oxford) Ltd | location = City | year = 2005 | isbn = 1843341794 |page=25}}</ref> Memory Alpha contains over 31,000 articles in its [[English language|English]] edition alone {{as of|July 2010|lc=yes}}, making it one of the [[List of wikis|largest wiki projects]]. The site is also available in several other languages,<ref>Crockett, Christine (September 17, 2006). "A 40-year 'Trek'", ''[[Sun Journal (Lewiston)|Sun Journal]]'', p. B1.</ref> including [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Esperanto language|Esperanto]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].

Memory Alpha aims to create a comprehensive database for all fans, but was not conceived as a wiki.<ref>{{cite book | last = Ebersbach | first = Anja | title = Wiki: Web Collaboration | publisher = Springer | location = Berlin | year = 2008 | isbn = 3540351507 |page=33}}</ref> Two concerns spurred its creation: many ''Star Trek'' references of the time were incomplete, and the most promising would shut down regularly, like the site TrekPulse, which closed inexplicably in late 2005 to be reborn the next year as TrekCore. Doddema and Carlson christened their project Memory Alpha, after the Federation's largest [[Memory Alpha (Star Trek)|information archive]], from the original series episode "[[The Lights of Zetar]]".

The two decided on a wiki format, which allowed for more collaboration than other formats available. As Carlson said in the Charlotte Observer, "The idea I latched onto with the wiki concept is you can spread the work around. Everyone can pitch in and go in on their own special interest." After experimenting with [[TikiWiki]] software, they switched to the [[MediaWiki]] platform, finding it less cumbersome. The platform of choice for [[Wikimedia]] proved to be, in their opinion, more stable and efficient, and they brought a testsite online on November 11, 2003. Memory Alpha officially launched on December 5 that year.

The site gained momentum in the following months, aided by a mention on the ''Star Trek'' fan site "TrekNation" on December 23. Memory Alpha reached 1,000 articles by January 12, 2004, but on March 23, the site's [[database]] was accidentally erased during an upgrade of the MediaWiki [[software]]. Although this caused six weeks of work to be lost, the project expanded to include Dutch and German versions on April 10 and May 14 respectively. It remained stable until the following year, when the fees associated with hosting the site became more than the founders could afford.

In February 2005, Memory Alpha switched hosting servers and joined [[Wikia]], a free for-profit wiki-hosting company started by [[Wikimedia Foundation]] board members [[Jimmy Wales]] and [[Angela Beesley]]. The site remained stable on Wikia, opening a Swedish site on May 5 and a French one on November 5. It also received several distinctions that year, such as the ''Ex Astris Excellentia'' award from [[Ex Astris Scientia]], a ''Star Trek'' reference site, in September 2005, and it was featured as the [[Syfy|Sci-Fi Channel's]] Site of the Week for October 10, 2005.<ref name=scifi>{{cite web|url=http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue442/site.html|work=[[SciFi.com]]|title=Sci-Fi Site of the Week|date=October 10, 2005 |first=Ken |last=Newquist}}</ref> ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'' and ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' writer/producer Mike Sussman joined the community that year as well.<ref>Some (but not all) of Memory Alpha's distinctions can be found on Memory Alpha's [[MemoryAlpha:Memory Alpha:Announcements|announcements page]]. Among the announcements are links to the [http://www.ex-astris-scientia.org/our_award.htm Ex Astris Excellentia award] and [http://www.scifi.com/sfw/issue442/site.html SciFi newsletter]. Mr. Sussman's identity on Memory Alpha has been verified as authentic; see his [[MemoryAlpha:User:Mdsussman|talk page]] for more details.</ref>

Technical issues led the MediaWiki software to believe Memory Alpha was started on November 23, 2004, and despite the inaccuracy, this date was adopted ''[[ex post facto]]'' as Memory Alpha's "birthday". To celebrate the occasion, [[Uncyclopedia]] (which is also hosted by Wikia) altered its main page to be a parody of Memory Alpha on November 23, 2005. The spoof page was retained under the [[namespace]] "tlh:", for ''tlhIngan Hol'' (the [[Klingon]] name for the [[Klingon language]]), modeled after the way wikis link to pages in other languages.<ref>"Happy Birthday, Memory Alpha!" page from the [[Uncyclopedia]] website.</ref>

The latter part of 2005 and early 2006 saw several new features added to the site. Among these was a [[peer review]] process, implemented on September 21, 2005 in response to questions about the process by which articles become featured.<ref>The issue at hand was originally raised by user AJHalliwell on July 15 of that year, and a subsequent [http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Memory_Alpha_talk:Featured_article_nomination_policy#.22...community.27s_work....22 discussion] resulted in the creation of Memory Alpha's [[MemoryAlpha:Memory Alpha:Peer review|Peer Review]] section. According to the [http://memory-alpha.org/en/index.php?title=Memory_Alpha:Peer_review&action=history page history] of the Peer Review page, it was created by user Cid Highwind at 22:53, 21 September 2005 [[UTC]].</ref> On November 20 of that year, Memory Alpha began a "Babel" program, inspired by and modeled after that of the [[Wikimedia Commons]], to help users who speak the same language. Other recent innovations include an area for user projects, sometimes referred to as [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects]] on other wikis, and coverage of [[fan film]]s.

The site has remained popular since its inception, although its growth has slowed in recent times. For instance, it was the largest project on Wikia<ref>Barnett, Cynthia (September 1, 2005). "Wiki, mania", ''[[Florida Trend]]'' '''48''' (5): 62.</ref> until October 2005, when its article count was surpassed by [[Wookieepedia]] and [[Uncyclopedia]]. Today,{{When|date=June 2010}} it has approximately 1300 registered users (80 of whom are active) and upwards of 17 million page views since its move to Wikia. {{As of|2006|alt=As of February 2006}}, it receives on average, slightly more visitors and page views per day than the official ''Star Trek'' website according to [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]].<ref>Any user count on Memory Alpha should be treated as prone to error because Memory Alpha's users are pooled with those of other Wikia sites. A full list of editors can be found on [[MemoryAlpha:Special:Activeusers|Memory Alpha's maintenance page]], but the estimate of 80 users is based on a [[MemoryAlpha:Memory Alpha:Archivists|voluntary listing]] of users (who call themselves "archivists"). Page views, which are easier to gauge, can be found on the [[MemoryAlpha:Special:Statistics|statistics page]]. The Alexa claim is based on a [http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?&compare_sites=startrek.com&y=p&q=&url=memory-alpha.org page view comparison] on February 6, 2005.</ref>

Memory Alpha has influenced the design of other wikicities dedicated to information about television franchises, including [[Wikicities:c:x-files|The X-Files Wiki]] [http://x-files.wikia.com/wiki/X-Files_Wiki:About] and the [[Wikicities:c:24|24 Wiki]] [http://24.wikia.com/wiki/Wiki_24:About]. It is a resource used by mainstream journalists for information on ''Star Trek'' related issues.<ref>Barron, James "It's an Auction, Jim, But Not as We Know It." New York Times. (Late Edition (East Coast)). New York, N.Y.: Jul 6, 2006. pg. B.3</ref> Influential edublogger [[Will Richardson]] hailed the site in his 2006 book ''Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms'' as "one of the most impressive [wikis] out there".<ref>{{cite book | last = Richardson | first = Will | title = Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms | publisher = Corwin Press | location = Thousand Oaks | year = 2006 | isbn = 1412927676 |page=62}}</ref>

On June 12, 2007, Memory Alpha reached a milestone of 25,000 articles with the creation of the article [[MemoryAlpha:Robert Iscove|Robert Iscove]].<ref>[http://memory-alpha.org/en/index.php?title=Forum:MA_Press_Release&t=20070613163046 Forum:MA Press Release - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' named Memory Alpha one of the 25 Essential Fansites in 2007. In comparing it to other ''Star Trek'' sites, the reviewer wrote, "Memory Alpha wins out for its handsome, intuitive presentation and its overwhelming mass".<ref>Vary, Adam B. (December 28, 2007). "[http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20165619_20165621_20167049_15,00.html 25 Essential Fansites]", ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' 971: T9.</ref>

==Structure==

Several aspects of Memory Alpha set it apart from other reference works, such as its method of citing sources. All information must be cited from a valid source (see [[Memory Alpha#Canon policy|Canon]] section below), but rather than a "Works Cited" or "References" list, Memory Alpha prefers stand-alone inline citations, which are placed in parentheses after the sentence or section in question. For television episodes, this consists of an abbreviation for the series from which the information came (e.g. DS9 for ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]''), followed by the name of the episode in double quotation marks. So, in order to cite information from the ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' (TNG) pilot "[[Encounter at Farpoint]]", one would add: (TNG: "Encounter at Farpoint"). The same rule applies for films, without the series prefix and with italics in place of quotation marks. The same method of notation is also used in the printed ''[[Star Trek Encyclopedia]]'', which is unrelated to the Memory Alpha wiki.

Articles on Memory Alpha are written from two points of view: "in-universe", which are written as if the reader is a part of the ''Star Trek'' universe, and "production", which speak from a real-world perspective. For "in-universe" articles, behind-the-scenes information is not included in the main body of the article; rather, it is placed in a separate background section or included indented and italicized to separate it from the in-universe perspective. The latter method is used in cases where either the information is particularly important (such as conflicting information from two canon sources) or there is not enough background to justify a separate section. In most cases, the background method is preferred and italics are used sparingly.

Like many wikis, Memory Alpha has a section for "featured articles", those believed to represent the best the community has to offer.<ref name=scifi/> The criteria for this distinction are that an article must be well-written, comprehensive (which includes citing sources), accurate and undisputed &ndash; criteria any article could hypothetically fulfill. This has caused some conflict over the criteria involved (see [[Memory Alpha#Current issues|Current issues]] section). To be featured, an article must be nominated by a user and unanimously supported by at least five other users; any objections must be fixable and may be invalidated if deemed irrational or unreasonable. Each week, one of the site's featured articles becomes the "Article of the Week" to be displayed on the project home page.

Several methods of communication are available beyond conventional talk pages. The "community portal" section of the website is named after [[Ten Forward]], a locale frequented by characters on ''The Next Generation''. Issues discussed there range from disputes between users to new ideas on how to improve the site to upcoming projects. A separate area, the [[reference desk]], exists for discussions and questions related to what is considered canon, discrepancies between sources, and other such topics. However, "meta-Trek" topics (a term used for ''Star Trek''-related topics that do not pertain in any way to Memory Alpha) are not discussed on the wiki; a separate [[Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] chatroom exists for these discussions.

==Canon policy==

The question of is a complex one and has plagued fans since ''Star Trek'' began in 1966.{{Cn}} The general policy of [[Paramount Pictures]] is that anything outside live-action television episodes and movies is [[apocrypha]]l, or non-canon.<ref>Startrek.com states in an [http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/help/faqs/faq/676.html FAQ] dated 10 September 2003, "Story lines, characters, events, stardates, etc. that take place within the fictional novels, the Animated Adventures, and the various comic lines are not canon." However, even the FAQ acknowledges certain facts outside this rule have become canon. It should also be noted that the FAQ is meant as a rule of thumb and is not an official rule.</ref> However, grey areas in this policy, especially in relation to the canonical status of ''[[Star Trek: The Animated Series]]'' (TAS), further complicate the matter and have led to many debates among fans. In light of this, Memory Alpha crafted its own unique definition of canon in relation to what may be used as a "valid resource". ''The Animated Series'' is included as valid, or canonical, for a number of reasons, such as the fact that ''Star Trek'' creator [[Gene Roddenberry]] and most of the cast of [[Star Trek: The Original Series|the original series]] were involved with it and the existence of several references to TAS events in later series.

Information taken from the ''Star Trek Encyclopedia'' and ''Star Trek Chronology'' is mostly accepted on Memory Alpha as well, to the extent that it does not break from established on-screen facts. Content from these sources is an acknowledged grey area of Memory Alpha's canon policy and is disregarded if deemed speculative or contradictory. Thus, in some ways they hold the same weight as novels and other publications do for [[Star Wars canon]]: a "second tier" of canonicity, which is subservient to primary (on-screen) sources.

Other sources such as books and computer games are not included as canon, but are covered by Memory Alpha in a way which sets it apart from other ''Trek'' resources: books, comics, and other products are included as articles about the products (i.e. from a "production point of view"), but "in-universe" information unique or new to them is covered on the product page. For example, in the ''[[Star Trek: New Frontier]]'' line of books, a new host of characters is introduced to the Trek universe, and their vessel is known as the USS ''Excalibur''. The characters, ships and information from ''New Frontier'' books do not receive pages of their own, but they are covered on the pages about the books. In this way, Memory Alpha remains all-inclusive while attempting to distinguish canon from apocrypha.

Non-canon characters and topics are instead covered at [[Wikia:memory-beta:Main Page|Memory Beta]], and fan-films and other fan-created material at [[Wikia:memory-gamma:Portal:Main|Memory Gamma]]; both are hosted by Wikia. [http://stowiki.org/ The Star Trek Online Wiki], hosted by curse.com, covers the [[Star Trek Online]] [[MMORPG]].

==Issues==

===Organisational===

<!--{{Section OR|date=September 2007}} is not necessary, see WP:SELFPUB.-->

Several issues face the Memory Alpha community, one of which is the question of which articles should be given "featured" status. Under Memory Alpha's current policies, both major and minor topics are eligible; however, the question has been raised of whether the criteria for featuring should be more subjective, i.e., if a topic is not significant enough, it should not be featured regardless of how comprehensive its article is.<ref>Hippocrates Noah's [[MemoryAlpha:Talk:Hippocrates Noah|archived nomination]] for featured status can be found on Memory Alpha. There was an unprecedented level of debate associated with the nomination.

</ref> There is currently no consensus in the Memory Alpha community about the topic, although there has been no change in featuring policy.

The question of what content Memory Alpha should cover has plagued the project since its creation. On the project's home page, it describes itself as "a collaborative project to create the most definitive, accurate, and accessible encyclopedia and reference for everything related to ''Star Trek''", but fans often have different interpretations of what "everything" means. In some cases, one or more users may add content about a subject &ndash; such as a website, fan club or parody &ndash; that does not fit existing pages, necessitating a community decision about whether to keep the content and, if so, what to do with it. Such incidents led to the creation of an article on ''Star Trek'' parodies after several questions were raised about where to put information related to, but not a part of, the ''Star Trek'' franchise. An example of the reverse case is "The Sunspots", a musical group consisting of [[Patrick Stewart]], [[Jonathan Frakes]], [[LeVar Burton]] and [[Michael Dorn]]. Although the actors involved were all prominent parts of ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', several articles on the group have been deleted because the community deemed the topic not directly related to the franchise. {{As of|2006}}, information about The Sunspots can be found on the different actors' pages rather than a single, separate article.

Perhaps the most heated issue on Memory Alpha in recent years is the controversy surrounding their canon policy. Aside from issues of length and excessive use of [[legalese]], this policy has been put into question by several of the site's regular users because of its rule that articles and information which were not seen on-screen but were derived from official production sources are not considered canon on Memory Alpha. The site's archivists are divided as to exactly whether such information should be allowed as canon; some want only to allow what was seen on-screen while others wish to include that which was originally intended to be used on-screen but never made it, such as information from deleted scenes, early script drafts, etc. The latter archivists believe that such information can be included so long as it does not contradict what was seen on-screen and so long as it states where the source of the information comes from. As of July 2006, this debate has died down significantly, with most having accepted the terms of the new policy.<ref>[http://memory-alpha.org/en/wiki/Memory_Alpha:Canon_policy Memory Alpha:Canon policy - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Despite early concern about how to incorporate information from the 2009 movie ''[[Star Trek (film)|Star Trek]]'', which is considered a semi-reboot of the original series, Memory Alpha members found a solution to the issue. All information from this film is recorded as separate articles, which are titled according to their subject with the term "alternate reality" included in the title. This is from the term used in the movie itself to describe the new continuity. For example, the article ''Nyota Uhura'' discusses the character as portrayed by [[Nichelle Nichols]], while the article ''Nyota Uhura (alternate reality)'' discusses the character as played by [[Zoe Saldana]].

===Licensing===

The contents of Memory Alpha are licensed under the [[Creative Commons]] Attribution-Non-Commercial license. Because this license does not allow commercial reuse, it is incompatible with the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] (GFDL), and material from the site cannot be copied into projects that use the GFDL.<ref name=issues>{{Cite journal

| last1 = Peter Black | first1 = Hayden Delaney

| last2 = Fitzgerald | first2 = Brian

| year = 2007

| title = Legal Issues for Wikis: the Challenge of User-generated and Peer-Produced Knowledge, Content and Culture

| journal = Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law

| volume = 14

| issue = 1

| pages = 245

| url = https://elaw.murdoch.edu.au/issues/2007/1/eLaw_legal%20issues%20for%20wikis.pdf

| format =

}} {{Dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref> This distinction makes Memory Alpha a "sister project" of the GFDL-based [[Wikia]] project. Memory Alpha is cited as a source by academic journals, scholarly studies and books as well as ''Star Trek''-universe novels and reference works.<ref>{{Cite journal|unused_data=2007|title=A Game Board Implementing Data Mining and Cultural Algorithms|author=Ochoa et al.|journal=Uruguaiana |url=http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/hifen/article/view/3893/2959 |volume=31 |issue=59/60 year=}}</ref><ref name=Edited2007>{{Cite book

| last1 = Edited By Emilio Corchado | first1 = Juan M. Corchado

| last2 = Abraham | first2 = Ajith

| year = 2007

| title = Innovations in hybrid intelligent systems

| isbn = 978-3540749714

| publisher = Springer

| location = Berlin

|page=490

}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Conley | first = Tim | title = Encyclopedia of Fictional and Fantastic Languages | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport | year = 2006 | isbn = 031333188X }}</ref><ref name=Firsing2007>{{Cite book

| last = Firsing | first = Scott T.

| year = 2007

| title = Disturbing times : the state of the planet and its possible future

| isbn = 1416527419

| publisher = Pocket

| location = New York

}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Definitive Star Trek Trivia Book

|publisher=Simon & Schuster |author=Jill Sherwin et al. |year=2001 |isbn=0743406710}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book

| last1 = A. Decandido | first1 = Keith R.

| last2 = David | first2 = Peter

| last3 = Shaw | first3 = Sarah

| year = 2007

| title = Star Trek : mirror universe : obsidian alliances

| isbn = 1416524711

| publisher = Pocket Books

| location = New York

}}</ref><ref name=Lajoie2007>{{Cite book

| last = Lajoie | first = John

| year = 2007

|page=309

| title = Enterprising Endeavour: Scorpius Rising

| isbn = 0557007941

}}</ref><ref name=Sennewald2007>{{Cite book

| last = Sennewald | first = Nadja

| year = 2007

| title = Alien gender : die Inszenierung von Geschlecht in Science-Fiction-Serien

| isbn = 3899428056

|publisher=Transcript

|page=65

| location = Bielefeld

}}</ref>

* [[List of online encyclopedias]]

==Notes==

{{Reflist|2}}

* Barnett, Cynthia (September 1, 2005). "Wiki mania". ''Florida Trend'', Vol. 48, No. 5; Pg. 62; ISSN: 0015-4326. [http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?a=5617&s=1&d=9/1/2005]

* Lee, Ellen (January 1, 2006). "The world's gone wild for everything wiki-wise". ''The Charlotte Observer'', p.&nbsp;4E.

* [[MemoryAlpha:Portal:Main|Memory Alpha's main page]]

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