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==Description==
==Description==
The length of the shell varies between 25 m mand 40 mm. <ref name="Herbert" />

The shell of these animals is very thin and delicate, and internal, completely covered by the mantle (which has fused lobes) so the appearance of these animals more closely resembles that of dorid [[sea slugs]] rather than sea snails, but anatomically quite different. They are readily distinguished by the anterior siphon and typically snail-like, tentacle-bearing head beneath the
The shell of these animals is very thin and delicate, and internal, completely covered by the mantle (which has fused lobes) so the appearance of these animals more closely resembles that of dorid [[sea slugs]] rather than sea snails, but anatomically quite different. They are readily distinguished by the anterior siphon and typically snail-like, tentacle-bearing head beneath the
anterior mantle. There are no rhinophores (chemosensory tentacles) or dorsal circlet of gills.
anterior mantle. There are no rhinophores (chemosensory tentacles) or dorsal circlet of gills.


The shell is present but is completely internal. It is covered by a fleshy mantle. The ventral surface features a distinct [[Foot (mollusc)|foot]] and a head bearing tentacles with basal eyes. The anterior of the dorsal surface (notum) is indented along the midline, forming a short siphon. The mantle is relatively firm but has a somewhat gelatinous texture, appearing mostly smooth. The internal shell resembles an ear, being thin and fragile. <ref> {{cite book |last1=Herbert, D.G., Jones, G.J. & Atkinson, L.J. |title=Phylum Mollusca. In: Atkinson, L.J. and Sink, K.J. (eds) Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa |date=2018 |publisher=Malachite Marketing and Media |location=Pretoria |page=289 |url=https://doi.org/10.15493/SAEON.PUB.10000001 |ISBN=978-1-86868-098-6|access-date=17 October 2024}}{{source-attribution}}</ref>
The shell is present but is completely internal. It is covered by a fleshy mantle. The ventral surface features a distinct [[Foot (mollusc)|foot]] and a head bearing tentacles with basal eyes. The anterior of the dorsal surface (notum) is indented along the midline, forming a short siphon. The mantle is relatively firm but has a somewhat gelatinous texture, appearing mostly smooth. The internal shell resembles an ear, being thin and fragile. <ref> {{cite book |last1=Herbert, D.G., Jones, G.J. & Atkinson, L.J. |title=Phylum Mollusca. In: Atkinson, L.J. and Sink, K.J. (eds) Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa |date=2018 |publisher=Malachite Marketing and Media |location=Pretoria |page=289 |url=https://doi.org/10.15493/SAEON.PUB.10000001 |ISBN=978-1-86868-098-6|access-date=17 October 2024}}{{source-attribution}}</ref>

The colour is translucent, greyish-white to pinkish or yellow with black/brown spots and blotches. This colouration is variable, resembling that of the [[ascidia]]n prey on which they live and feed and thus providing camouflage. <ref name="Herbert" />


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==

Latest revision as of 04:30, 21 October 2024

Velutinidae
Coriocella hibyae in Maldives.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Velutinoidea
Family: Velutinidae
Gray, 1840
Genera

See text

Synonyms

Lamellariidae d’Orbigny, 1841

Velutinidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.[1][2][3]

Description

[edit]

The length of the shell varies between 25 m mand 40 mm. [4]

The shell of these animals is very thin and delicate, and internal, completely covered by the mantle (which has fused lobes) so the appearance of these animals more closely resembles that of dorid sea slugs rather than sea snails, but anatomically quite different. They are readily distinguished by the anterior siphon and typically snail-like, tentacle-bearing head beneath the anterior mantle. There are no rhinophores (chemosensory tentacles) or dorsal circlet of gills.

The shell is present but is completely internal. It is covered by a fleshy mantle. The ventral surface features a distinct foot and a head bearing tentacles with basal eyes. The anterior of the dorsal surface (notum) is indented along the midline, forming a short siphon. The mantle is relatively firm but has a somewhat gelatinous texture, appearing mostly smooth. The internal shell resembles an ear, being thin and fragile. [4]

The colour is translucent, greyish-white to pinkish or yellow with black/brown spots and blotches. This colouration is variable, resembling that of the ascidian prey on which they live and feed and thus providing camouflage. [4]

Taxonomy

[edit]
Drawing of dorsal view of live animal of Onchidiopsis glacialis
Coriocella nigra

The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[1]

  • Subfamily Velutininae J. E. Gray, 1840 - synonyms: Marseniidae Leach in Gray, 1847; Marsenininae Odhner, 1913; Capulacmaeinae Golikov & Gulbin, 1990; Onchidiopsinae Golikov & Gulbin, 1990 (n.a.); Marseniopsidae Badel, 1993 (n.a.)
  • Subfamily Lamellariinae A. D. d'Orbigny, 1841 - synonyms: Coriocellidae Troschel, 1848; Sacculidae Thiele, 1929 (inv.); Pseudosacculidae Kuroda, 1933
Drawing of dorsal view of live animal of Lamellaria latens
Drawing of ventral view of live animal of Lamellaria latens

Genera

[edit]

Genera within the family Velutinidae include:

Subfamily Lamellariinae A. D. d'Orbigny, 1841

Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840

Genera brought into synonymy
  • Capulacmaea M. Sars, 1859 : synonym of Piliscus Lovén, 1859
  • Chelinotus Swainson, 1840: synonym of Coriocella Blainville, 1824
  • Cryptocella H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Lamellaria Montagu, 1815
  • Marsenia Oken, 1823: synonym of Lamellaria Montagu, 1815
  • Marvillia [sic]: synonym of Limneria H. Adams & A. Adams, 1851
  • Morvillia Gray, 1857: synonym of Limneria H. Adams & A. Adams, 1851
  • Oithonella Mörch, 1857: synonym of Marsenina Gray, 1850
  • Oncidiopsis [sic]: synonym of Onchidiopsis Bergh, 1853
  • Pilidium Middendorff, 1851: synonym of Piliscus Lovén, 1859
  • Pseudoacculus [sic]: synonym of Pseudosacculus Hirase, 1928
  • Sacculus Hirase, 1927: synonym of Pseudosacculus Hirase, 1928
  • Velutella Gray, 1847: synonym of Velutina Fleming, 1820

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  2. ^ Gofas, S. (2014). Velutinidae Gray, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=143 on 2014-10-14
  3. ^ Philippe Bouchet, Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526.
  4. ^ a b c Herbert, D.G., Jones, G.J. & Atkinson, L.J. (2018). Phylum Mollusca. In: Atkinson, L.J. and Sink, K.J. (eds) Field Guide to the Offshore Marine Invertebrates of South Africa. Pretoria: Malachite Marketing and Media. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-86868-098-6. Retrieved 17 October 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Sources

[edit]
  • Philippe Bouchet, Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526.
[edit]
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