Voiceless alveolar plosive
| Voiceless alveolar plosive | |
|---|---|
| t | |
| IPA Number | 103 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | t |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0074 |
| X-SAMPA | t |
The voiceless alveolar stop is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨t⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨t⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "t" in tear and tool.
Features
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is stop, or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.)
Examples
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | тфы |  [tfə] (help·info) |
'five' | |
| Arabic | Egyptian | توكة tōka | [ˈtoːkæ] | 'barrette' |
| Assyrian | ܒܝܬܐ bèta | [beːta] | 'house' | |
| Bengali | টাকা | [t̠aka] | 'Taka' | |
| Czech | toto | [ˈtoto] | 'this' | |
| Danish | Standard[1] | dåse | [ˈtɔ̽ːsə] | 'can' (n.) |
| Dutch[2] | taal | [taːɫ] | 'language' | |
| English | Most speakers | tick | [tʰɪk] | 'tick' |
| New York[3] | ||||
| Finnish | parta | [ˈpɑrtɑ] | 'beard' | |
| Hebrew | תמונה | [tmuˈna] | 'image' | |
| Hungarian[4] | tutaj | [ˈtutɒj] | 'raft' | |
| Kabardian | тхуы | [txʷə] (help·info) |
'five' | |
| Khmer | តែ / tê | [tae] | 'tea' | |
| Korean | 대숲 / daesup | [tɛsup̚] | 'bamboo forest' | |
| Kurdish | Northern | tu | [tʰʊ] | 'you' |
| Central | تەوێڵ | [tʰəweːɫ] | 'forehead' | |
| Southern | تێوڵ | [tʰeːwɨɫ] | ||
| Luxembourgish[5] | dënn | [tən] | 'thin' | |
| Maltese | tassew | [tasˈsew] | 'true' | |
| Mapudungun[6] | füta | [ˈfɘtɜ] | 'elderly' | |
| Nunggubuyu[7] | darawa | [taɾawa] | 'greedy' | |
| Nuosu[which?] | ꄉ da | [ta˧] | ||
| Portuguese[8] | Some dialects | troço | [ˈtɾɔsu] | 'thing' (pejorative) |
| Thai | ตา ta | [taː˧] | 'eye' | |
| Vietnamese | ti | [ti] | 'flaw' | |
| West Frisian | tosk | [ˈtosk] | 'tooth' | |
Notes
- ↑ Basbøll (2005), p. 61.
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
- ↑ Wells (1982), p. 515.
- ↑ Szende (1994), p. 91.
- ↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
- ↑ Sadowsky et al. (2013), pp. 88–89.
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 158.
- ↑ Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese revisited (in Portuguese)
References
- Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
- Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA: Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090, S2CID 242632087
- Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
- Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013), "Mapudungun", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 87–96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
