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{{distinguish|Gaza}}
[[File:Giza1960s.jpg|right|thumb|300px|[[Pyramids of Giza]] in 1960s]]
[[Image:Flag of Giza Governorate.png|right|250px]]
[[Image:Coat of arms of Giza Governorate.png|right|200px]]
'''Giza''' or '''Gizah''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]], الجيزة, [[Transliteration|transliterated]] ''al-Gīzah''; pronounced in dialect of [[Cairo]] of [[Egyptian Arabic]] ''eg-Gīza;'' also sometimes spelled in [[English language|English]] as Gizeh, Ghizeh, or Geezeh) is a city in [[Egypt]]. It is on the west bank of the [[Nile]] river. It is about 20&nbsp;km southwest of central [[Cairo]]. Today it is  part of the greater [[Cairo]] metropolis. It is the capital of the [[Al Jizah Governorate]], and is  near the northeast border of this governorate in coordinates {{coor dms|29|59|00|N|31|08|00|E|type:landmark}}. It is right on the banks of the [[Nile River]]. It had 4,779,000 people living in it in [[1998]].

Giza is known for being the place where the [[Giza Plateau]] is. The plateau is the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world. There are  a complex of [[ancient Egypt]]ian royal mortuary and sacred structures there. These include the [[Great Sphinx]], the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]], and a number of other large [[pyramid]]s and [[temple]]s.

The Great Pyramid of Giza was once advocated (1884) as the location for the [[Prime Meridian]], a reference point used for determining a base [[longitude]].<ref>''"The Canary Islands and the Question of the Prime Meridian: The Search for Precision in the Measurement of the Earth"'', Wilcomb E. Washburn.[http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/geo/WASHBR04.GEO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529031631/http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/geo/WASHBR04.GEO|date=2007-05-29}}</ref>

== History ==
Giza's most famous archaeological site, the [[Giza Plateau]], holds some of the most astonishing [[monuments]] in [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian history]]. Once thriving with the [[Nile]] that flowed right into the Giza Plateau, the [[Pyramids of Giza]] were built overlooking the [[ancient Egyptian]] capital of [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], which was near modern-day [[Cairo]].

The [[Giza Plateau]] is also home to many other [[Ancient Egyptian]] monuments, including the tomb of Pharaoh [[Djet]] of the [[First dynasty of Egypt|First dynasty]] as well as that of Pharaoh [[Ninetjer]] of the [[Second dynasty of Egypt|Second dynasty]].

The city itself has seen  changes over time. Changes in [[infrastructure]] during the different occupations of [[Egypt]] by various rulers, including the [[Great Britain|British]] in the 19th and early 20th century, focused on the construction of [[roads]], [[streets]], and [[buildings]] in the area. It is commonly misunderstood that the Giza area is a complete [[desert]] area; however, Giza has become a thriving centre of [[Culture of Egypt|Egyptian culture]] and is quite heavily populated, with many facilities and buildings in the current area. Giza saw much attention in particular to its vast amount of [[ancient Egypt]]ian [[monuments]] found on the [[Giza Plateau]], and has astonished thousands of visitors and tourists over the years. Giza's infrastructure saw much attention from both the British government prior to the 1952 [[coup d'état]] as well as the current [[Egypt]]ian government due to the city's importance in [[tourism]].
  
Parts of Giza include Alharam famous in the past for its night clubs, Zamalek predominantly populated by middle class [[Egyptians]] and relatively recently overpopulated Almohan

== International access ==
Access to the city of Giza, which has its own [[Governorate]] adjacent to the governorate of [[Cairo]], is dependent on [[Cairo International Airport]], since no official International Airport is located in Giza.

== Fictional references ==
Giza is also known for its appearance as a dig and discovery site in the fictional universe of [[Stargate]].  An interplanetary transportation device is found and is the central basis for a movie and 2 popular television shows.

== Twin towns – sister cities ==
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bergen]], [[Norway]]
*{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Rinkeby]], [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]
*{{flagicon|BRU}} [[Bandar Seri Begawan]], [[Brunei Darussalam]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Related pages ==
* [[Giza Plateau]]
* [[Great Sphinx]]
* [[Pyramids of Giza]]

== Other websites ==
{{commons|Giza|Giza}}
* [http://www.gizapyramids.org/ Giza Archives Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011131428/http://www.gizapyramids.org/ |date=2008-10-11 }}
* [[wikivoyage:Cairo/Giza|Giza]] on Wikivoyage

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