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{{Infobox civilian attack
|title= Assassination of John F. Kennedy
|image=JFK limousine.png
|image_upright=1.25
|caption=President John F. Kennedy with his wife, [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline]], and [[Governor of Texas|Texas Governor]] [[John Connally]] with his wife, [[Nellie Connally|Nellie]], in the [[Presidential state car (United States)|presidential limousine]], minutes before the assassination
|location=[[Dealey Plaza]], [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], [[United States|U.S.]]
|target=[[John F. Kennedy]]
|date={{start date and age|1963|11|22}}
|time=12:30 p.m. 
|timezone= [[Central Time Zone|Central Standard Time]]
|coordinates= {{Coord|32.77903|N|96.80867|W|region:US-TX_type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|type=[[Sniper]] [[assassination]]
|weapons=[[6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano|6.5×52mm]] Italian [[Carcano|Carcano M91/38]] [[bolt-action rifle]]
|fatalities=John F. Kennedy<br>[[J. D. Tippit]]
|injuries=[[John Connally]]<br>[[James Tague]]
|perp=[[Lee Harvey Oswald]]
}}

[[John F. Kennedy]], the 35th [[president of the United States]], was shot and killed in [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]] on November 22, 1963. This happened while he was riding in the presidential motorcade through [[Dealey Plaza]] with his wife [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jackie]], Texas Governor [[John Connally]] and Connally's wife [[Nellie Connally|Nellie]].

== Shooting and death ==
As the car drove into Dealey Plaza, shots were fired. Kennedy was shot once in the throat, and once in the head. It happened at 12:30&nbsp;p.m. [[Central Time Zone (Americas)|Central Standard Time]] (18:30 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]). The motorcade drove to [[Parkland Memorial Hospital]] {{convert|4|mi}} away. At 1:00&nbsp;p.m., Kennedy was pronounced dead.

[[Lee Harvey Oswald]] was the main suspect in the murder. He was arrested on the same day for the murder of a policeman, [[J. D. Tippit]]. He was charged with both murders later that night.<ref>Tippit murder affidavit: [http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh20/html/WH_Vol20_0170a.htm text], [http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh20/html/WH_Vol20_0170b.htm cover]. Kennedy murder affidavit: [http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh20/html/WH_Vol20_0171a.htm text], [http://www.history-matters.com/archive/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh20/html/WH_Vol20_0171b.htm cover].</ref> Oswald denied shooting anyone.<ref>Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 20, p. 366, [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh20/html/WH_Vol20_0193b.htm Kantor Exhibit No. 3&nbsp;— Handwritten notes made by Seth Kantor concerning events surrounding the assassination].</ref> Oswald was shot by [[Jack Ruby]]<ref>[http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh5/html/WC_Vol5_0104b.htm Testimony of Jack Ruby], Warren Commission Hearings, vol. 5, pp. 198–200.</ref> two days later, on November 24. This was when Oswald was being moved from the police station to a [[jail]]. He died in Parkland Hospital.

The event left a [[Flashbulb memory|lasting impression]] on many worldwide. As with the December 7, 1941 [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] before it and the [[September 11 attacks]] after it, asking "Where were you when you heard about President Kennedy's assassination" would become a common topic of discussion.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brinkley's Beat: People, Places, and Events That Shaped My Time |url=https://archive.org/details/brinkleysbeatpeo00brin |first=David|last=Brinkley|location=New York|publisher=Knopf|year=2003|author-link=David Brinkley|isbn=978-0-375-40644-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Making of the President, 1964|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofpresiden00whit|last=White|first=Theodore H.|location=New York|publisher=Atheneum Publishers|year=1965|author-link=Theodore H. White|page=[https://archive.org/details/makingofpresiden00whit/page/6 6]|lccn=65018328}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A Shock Like Pearl Harbor|first=Joseph F.|last=Dinneen|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=November 24, 1963|page=10|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/1793798052.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Nov+24%2C+1963&author=JOSEPH+F+DINNEEN&pub=Boston+Globe+(1960-1979)&edition=&startpage=10&desc=A+Shock+Like+Pearl+Harbor}}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Subscription required |via=Boston Globe Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people-press.org/2011/09/01/united-in-remembrance-divided-over-policies/|title=United in Remembrance, Divided over Policies|date=September 1, 2011}}</ref>

== Investigations ==
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| total_width       = 500
| image1            = Robert Croft photo showing JFK's car on Elm Street.jpg
| alt1              = John F. Kennedy is seen sitting in a limousine, waving with a crowd on Elm Street, Dealey Plaza.
| image2            = Mary Ann Moorman original polaroid.jpg
| alt2              = John F. Kennedy is fatally shot in the head, with Jacqueline Kennedy sitting beside him. Jacqueline can be seen turning over and looking at him at that moment.
| footer            = Robert Croft's photograph of Kennedy in [[Dealey Plaza]], before the first shot struck Kennedy (left), and the [[Mary Moorman|Mary Moorman photograph]] (right), taken a fraction of a second after the fatal shot.
}}
An investigation into what happened was done by the [[Warren Commission]] in 1963–1964. It took 10 months. The commission decided that Oswald was the only person involved, and he had fired three shots from the window of a warehouse on the corner of Dealey Plaza. No one else was involved. The man who murdered Oswald, Jack Ruby, was also said to have acted alone.

Most people at the time believed this was true. However, other alternative theories as to what could have happened have developed. Surveys from 1966 to 2004 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up.<ref name="langer20031116">{{cite web|author=Gary Langer|date=November 16, 2003|title=John F. Kennedy's Assassination Leaves a Legacy of Suspicion|url=http://abcnews.go.com/images/pdf/937a1JFKAssassination.pdf|access-date=May 16, 2010|publisher=ABC News}}</ref><ref>Jarrett Murphy, [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/40-years-later-who-killed-jfk-20-11-2003/ 40 Years Later: Who Killed JFK?], CBS News, November 21, 2003.</ref>

Another investigation was done by the [[United States House Select Committee on Assassinations]] (HSCA) in 1979. They found that President John F. Kennedy was probably killed as a result of a [[wikt:conspiracy|conspiracy]] (a secret plot).<ref name="nationalarch">{{cite web|year=1979|title=Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/|access-date=May 16, 2010|publisher=United States National Archives}}</ref> The HSCA found both the original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to have big mistakes. They agree with the Commission that Oswald fired all the shots. But they say that there were at least four shots fired. They also say that it was very likely that two gunmen fired at the President.<ref>{{cite web|last=Stokes|first=Louis|author-link=Louis Stokes|year=1979|title=Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|pages=90–93}}</ref> No gunmen or groups involved in the conspiracy were pointed out by the committee. They said that the [[CIA]], the [[Soviet Union]], organized crime and several other groups were not involved.{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | total_width = 500
 | image1 = HSCA-JFK-neck2-6-43.jpg
 | image2 = HSCA-JFK-head-7-125.jpg
 | image3 = Bullet found on stretcher at Parkland Memorial Hospital, CE399-1.jpg
 | alt2 = Sketch of the fatal bullet wound for president Kennedy
 | footer = Sketch of the Bullet which first struck President Kennedy; Sketch of the fatal head wound on president Kennedy. Bullet found on stretcher at Parkland Memorial Hospital that struck both Kennedy and Connelly
}}

== Conspiracy theories ==
{{multiple image
 | align = left
 | total_width = 500
 | image1 = Lewis Exh1-20-533.jpg
 | image2 = Ruby shoots Oswald.jpg
 | image3 = Jack Ruby 1963 Mugshot Extracted.jpg
 | footer = Oswald dallas arrest mugshot; Oswald being shot by Ruby; Jack Ruby mugshot after his arrest
}}
The assassination is still the subject of a lot of debate. There are a lot of [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]]. Some researchers have suggested that Oswald was not the shooter. Others have suggested that he conspired with others to kill the president. Most of these theories accuse [[organized crime|criminal groups]], the [[military–industrial complex]], the government of [[Cuba]], the [[KGB]], or the [[CIA]].<ref name="Benson">{{cite book |last=Benson|first=Michael |title=Who's Who in the JFK Assassination: An A-to-Z Encyclopedia |year=2003|orig-year=1993 |publisher=Citadel Press Books |location=New York |isbn=0-8065-1444-2 |page=xiv }}</ref><ref name="Broderick">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hOLDnJM91bkC|title=Web of Conspiracy: A Guide to Conspiracy Theory Sites on the Internet|last1=Broderick|first1=James F.|last2=Miller|first2=Darren W.|publisher=Information Today, Inc./CyberAge Books|year=2008|isbn=978-0-910965-81-1|location=Medford, New Jersey|page=203}}</ref><ref name="Meagher">{{cite book |last1=Meagher |first1=Michael |last2=Gragg |first2=Larry D. |title=John F. Kennedy: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD_Lshj2PmYC |year=2011 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-35416-8 }}</ref><ref name="Kurtz">{{cite book |last1=Kurtz |first1=Michael L. |title=Crime of the Century: The Kennedy Assassination from a Historian's Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCftxLUdRFYC |edition=2nd |year=1993  |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |location=Knoxville, Tennessee |isbn=978-0-87049-824-4 |page=x }}</ref> [[Lyndon Johnson]], [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[Sam Giancana]] are among those accused.<ref name="Broderick"/><ref name="Meagher"/><ref name="Kurtz"/> That [[Mafia|mob]] boss Sam Giancana was responsible is supported by the account of his brother and nephew.<ref>Giancana, Sam & Chuck [1992] 1998. ''Double Cross: the story of the man who controlled America''. New York: Little, Brown. {{ISBN|0-7515-2745-9}}</ref> Only one person was ever put on trial: [[Clay Shaw]], but he was found not guilty.

Some have also argued that the gunshots were fired so quickly there must have been more than one assassin shooting at the President. This could be supported by the fact that most witnesses said that the second and third shots were fired closer together.<ref>{{cite web |first=Earl|last=Warren|author-link=Earl Warren|title=Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy|year=1964|publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report/index.html |page=110}}</ref>

Some believe that the bullets could not have hit Kennedy in the place they hit him if they had really been fired from the warehouse. Many of the workers at Parkland Hospital reported that a large portion of the back of the President's head appeared to have been blown out. This may suggest that he had been hit from the front. <ref>{{cite book| last = Summers| first = Anthony| title = Not in Your Lifetime | url = https://archive.org/details/notinyourlifetim0000summ| year =2013| publisher =Open Road|location=New York| isbn = 978-1-4804-3548-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/notinyourlifetim0000summ/page/n58 31]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Marrs|first=Jim|title=Crossfire|year=1989|pages=55–89|isbn=9780881846485}}</ref>  Today, the truth is not known of the planning and the whole assination.

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Other websites==
{{Commons-inline|Assassination of John F. Kennedy}}
<!-- BEFORE ADDING LINKS TO THIS SECTION, READ WIKIPEDIA'S EXTERNAL LINKS POLICY AT [[WP:EL]]. -->
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}
*[http://www.jfkassassination.ca/ A photo chronology of the seconds leading up to the assassination] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513141510/http://www.jfkassassination.ca/ |date=2011-05-13 }}
*[https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/ JFK Assassination Records Collection at the U.S. National Archives]
*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/system/topicRoot/Assassination_of_John_F__Kenned/ Assassination of John F Kennedy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603111617/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/system/topicRoot/Assassination_of_John_F__Kenned/ |date=2010-06-03 }} Original reports and pictures from ''The Times''
*[http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=2632&display=list/ British Pathé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708094946/http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=2632&display=list%2F |date=2011-07-08 }} Online archive of newsreels relating to the assassination
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_2451000/2451143.stm BBC article on Kennedy's assassination]
*[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKindex.htm The Kennedy Assassination Encyclopaedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615040905/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKindex.htm |date=2006-06-15 }} by John Simkin
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*[http://www.jfk-online.com/ JFK Online: JFK Assassination Resources Online] by David A. Reitzes
*[http://www.jfk-assassination.com/ The John F. Kennedy Assassination Homepage] by Ralph Schuster
*[http://www.wayfaring.com/maps/show/5803 Map of motorcade route]
*[http://jfkmurderphotos.bravehost.com/photos.html JFK Assassination Photographs and Film archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714043701/http://jfkmurderphotos.bravehost.com/photos.html |date=2008-07-14 }}
*[https://archive.org/details/TheAssassinationOfPresidentKennedyADocumentaryNThe22ndAnniversary The Assassination of President Kennedy: A Radio Documentary] c. 1985
*[http://www.jfklancer.com/ Kennedy Assassination Research Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514232511/http://www.jfklancer.com/ |date=2011-05-14 }}
<!-- BEFORE ADDING LINKS read Wikipedia's External Links policy at [[WP:EL]]-->
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[[Category:1963 in the United States]]
[[Category:1960s in Texas]]
[[Category:20th century in Dallas]]
[[Category:Assassinations in the United States|Kennedy, John F]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Texas]]
[[Category:John F. Kennedy]]
[[Category:Murder in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Murders by firearm in Texas]]

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