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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = {{unbulleted list |Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat |{{lower|0.1em|{{big|محمد أنور السادات}}}}}}
| image               = Sadat 1 (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Sadat in 1978
| office              = [[List of presidents of Egypt|3rd]] [[President of Egypt]]
| term_start          = 15 October 1970
| term_end            = 6 October 1981<br /><small>Acting: 28 September 1970 – 15 October 1970</small>
| vicepresident       = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1={{Plainlist|
* [[Ali Sabri]]
* [[Mahmoud Fawzi]]
* [[Hosni Mubarak]]
}}
}}
| primeminister       = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1={{Plainlist|
* [[Mahmoud Fawzi]]
* [[Aziz Sedki]]
* '''Himself'''
* [[Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi]]
* [[Mamdouh Salem]]
* [[Mustafa Khalil]]
* '''Himself'''
}}
}}
| predecessor         = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| successor           = [[Sufi Abu Taleb]] <small>(Acting)</small>
| office2             = [[Prime Minister of Egypt]]
| president2          = '''Himself'''
| term_start2         = 15 May 1980
| term_end2           = 6 October 1981
| predecessor2        = [[Mustafa Khalil]]
| successor2          = [[Hosni Mubarak]]
| president3          = '''Himself'''
| term_start3         = 26 March 1973
| term_end3           = 25 September 1974
| predecessor3        = [[Aziz Sedki]]
| successor3          = [[Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi]]
| office4             = [[Vice President of Egypt]]
| president4          = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| term_start4         = 19 December 1969
| term_end4           = 14 October 1970
| predecessor4        = [[Hussein el-Shafei]]
| successor4          = [[Ali Sabri]]
| president5          = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| term_start5         = 17 February 1964
| term_end5           = 26 March 1964
| predecessor5        = [[Hussein el-Shafei]]
| successor5          = [[Zakaria Mohieddin]]
| office6             = [[List of Speakers of the People's Assembly of Egypt|Speaker of the National Assembly of Egypt]]
| president6          = [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
| term_start6         = 21 July 1960
| term_end6           = 20 January 1969
| predecessor6        = [[Abdel Latif Boghdadi (politician)|Abdel Latif Boghdadi]]
| successor6          = Mohamed Labib Skokeir
| birth_date          = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|12|25}}
| birth_place         = [[Monufia Governorate|Monufia]], [[Sultanate of Egypt]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|df=yes|1981|10|6|1918|12|25}}
| death_place         = [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
| spouse              = {{unbulleted list |Eqbal Afifi (Madi)<ref>{{citation|last=Finklestone|first=Joseph|year=2013|title=Anwar Sadat: Visionary Who Dared|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1135195656|quote=Significantly, Anwar Sadat did not mention aspects in his early life...It was in Mit Abul-Kum that Eqbal Afifi, the woman who was his wife for ten years and whom he left, was also born. Her family was of higher social standing than Anwar's, being of Turkish origin...}}</ref>| [[Jehan Sadat]]}}
| children            = 7; 2 with Eqbal, 5 with Jehan
| nationality         = [[Egypt]]ian
| party               = [[National Democratic Party (Egypt)|National Democratic Party]]
| otherparty          = [[Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)|Arab Socialist Union]]
| alma_mater          = [[University of Alexandria]]
| allegiance          = Egypt
| branch              = [[Egyptian Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1938–1952
| rank                = [[File:Turco-Egyptian ka'im makam.gif|25px]] [[Colonel]]
| signature           = Anwar El Sadat Signature.svg
}}
{{nobelprize|Peace}}'''Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat'''<ref>{{lang-ar|محمد أنور السادات}}, {{transl|ar|DIN|Muḥammad Anwar as-Sādāt}}</ref> (25 December 1918 – 6&nbsp;October 1981) was the 

third [[President]] of [[Egypt]]. He served from 15 October 1970 until he was [[assassination|assassinated]] by [[Islamism|Islamic]] extremists on 6&nbsp;October 1981.

==Early life==
Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat was born in 1918 into a family with 13 children, and attended a military school.<ref name="jvl">{{cite web|title=Anwar al-Sadat|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/sadat.html|access-date=22 December 2010}}</ref> After his graduation, he was sent to an [[outpost]] where he met and became a close friend of [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. There, the two of them became part of a group of young soldiers who later became the [[Free Officers]] group (both Nasser and Sadat were [[colonel]]s) that overthrew the [[Muhammad Ali Dynasty]] in the [[Egyptian Revolution of 1952]].<ref name="jvl"/> Nasser became the president after the revolution, and Sadat served as one of Nasser's ministers until he died in 1970.

==Presidency==

Sadat was chosen as president because Nasser's supporters saw him as someone who they could control. They did not think he would be president for very long.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Corrective Revolution in Egypt 1971|url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr70/fegypt1971a.htm|access-date=22 December 2010}}</ref> However, in his eleven years as president Sadat changed a lot of the things Nasser had set in place, and made Egypt respected for its military strength and political power in the [[Middle East]]. On 6 October 1973, Sadat started the [[October War]] together with [[Syria]], to try to take back the land Israel had taken from them six years earlier in the [[Six-Day War]]. The Egyptian army was very successful at the start of the war, and their advance across the [[Suez Canal]] into the [[Sinai Peninsula]] surprised Israel and the rest of the world. This success made Sadat a hero in Egypt, and for a time throughout the [[Arab World]].

Sadat visited Israel in 1977 and made a speech in front of the [[Knesset]] about what he thought was the best way to bring about peace with them.<ref name="mag">{{cite book|last=Alagna|first=Magdalena|title=Anwar Sadat|year=2004|publisher=Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=0823944646|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lIOS5DjocIC&q=anwar+sadat}}</ref> He was the first Arab leader to visit Israel and make peace with them.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|title=1981: Egypt's President Sadat assassinated|date=6 October 1981|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/6/newsid_2515000/2515841.stm|access-date=22 December 2010}}</ref> In 1978, he signed a [[peace treaty]] with Israel.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kelman|first=Herbert|title=Group processes in the resolution of international conflicts: Experiences from the Israeli-Palestinian case|journal=American Psychologist|year=1997|volume=52|issue=3|pages=212–220|doi=10.1037/0003-066X.52.3.212|url=http://dev.wcfia.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/hck_group_processes.pdf|access-date=22 December 2010|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033555/http://dev.wcfia.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/hck_group_processes.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> This won him the [[Nobel Peace Prize]],<ref name="mag"/> but made him very unpopular among other Arabs who [[Arab–Israeli conflict|did not support peace with Israel]]. This led to Egypt being suspended from the [[Arab League]] at that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/21/middle-east-peace-talks-i_n_690008.html|title=Middle East Peace Talks: Israel, Palestinian Negotiations More Hopeless Than Ever|date=21 August 2010|via=Huff Post}}</ref><ref>Vatikiotis, P.J. (1992). The History of Modern Egypt (4th edition ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. p. 443.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://learn.diplomacy.edu/?IDconv=2848|title=Courses|website=learn.diplomacy.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0326.html | work=The New York Times | title=Egypt and Israel Sign Formal Treaty, Ending a State of War After 30 Years; Sadat and Begin Praise Carter's Role}}</ref>

==Death==

Many [[Islamism|Islamists]] were very angry about the peace treaty. They made plans to take over the Egyptian government and kill all the main leaders, so that they could bring Egypt back to having an Islamic government instead of a [[secular]] one. In February 1981, the Egyptian government heard of this plan. In September that year, Sadat ordered over 1500 people arrested because he thought they might be part of the plot. These people included Islamists, but also the [[Bishop]] and other [[clergy]], and many of Egypt's top [[intellectual]]s and [[activist]]s.<ref name="abh">{{cite book|last=Goldschmidt|first=Arthur|title=A brief history of Egypt|year=2008|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0816066728|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZwWCit0FwkC&dq=anwar+sadat&pg=PA187}}</ref> This arrest was very unpopular. However, Sadat missed a group of Islamists in the [[military]] who were led by Lieutenant Khalid Islambouli. This group assassinated Sadat on 6 October during the victory parade celebrating the crossing into the Sinai Peninsula.<ref name="abh"/> Eleven other people were killed in the attack, and 28 were wounded. At the same time, Islamists also took control of the city of [[Asyut]] for a few days.

==Funeral==
Sadat's funeral was attended by many important people from around the world, including [[Gerald Ford]], [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Ronald Reagan]], and [[Richard Nixon]], but only three Arab nations sent representatives, and only Sudan's head of state attended. Sadat was succeeded by his [[vice-president]] [[Hosni Mubarak]].<ref name="bbc"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Prime ministers of Egypt}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize}}
{{Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000}}
{{Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sadat, Anwar el}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Assassinated people]]
[[Category:Colonels]]
[[Category:Egyptian military people]]
[[Category:Egyptian Muslims]]
[[Category:Murders by firearm]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize winners]]
[[Category:Presidents of Egypt]]
[[Category:Vice-presidents of Egypt]]
[[Category:Former dictators]]
[[Category:Time People of the Year]]

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