Chirality, a characteristic handedness that distinguishes 'left' from 'right', cuts widely across all of nature$^1$, from the structure of DNA$^2$ to opposite chirality of particles and antiparticles$^3$. In condensed matter chiral fermions have been identified in Weyl semimetals$^4$ through their unconventional electrodynamics arising from 'axial' charge imbalance between chiral Weyl nodes of topologically nontrivial electronic bands. Up to now it has been challenging or impossible to create transport channels of Weyl fermions in a single material that could be easily configured for advancing chiral logic or spintronics$^{5,6}$. Here we generate chirality-directed conduction channels in inversion-symmetric Weyl ferromagnet (FM) $MnSb_2Te_4$, emergent from a deep connection between chirality in reciprocal and real space. We alter the bandstructure on-demand with an intake and a subsequent release of ionic hydrogen ($H^+$) $-$ a process we show to induce the tilt and rotation of Weyl bands. The transformed Weyl FM states feature a doubled Curie temperature $\geq50K$ and an enhanced angular transport chirality synchronous with a rare field-antisymmetric longitudinal resistance $-$ a low-field tunable 'chiral switch' that roots in the interplay of Berry curvature$^7$, chiral anomaly$^8$ and hydrogen-engendered mutation of Weyl nodes.
The magnetic coupling mechanisms underlying ferromagnetism and magnetotransport phenomena in magnetically doped topological insulators have been a central issue to gain controlled access to the magneto-topological phenomena such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological axion insulating state. Here, we focus on the role of bulk carriers in magnetism of the family of magnetic topological insulators, in which the host material is either Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ or BiSbTe$_{3}$, containing Mn self-organized in MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}$ septuple layers. We tune the Fermi level using the electron irradiation technique and study how magnetic properties vary through the change in carrier density, the role of the irradiation defects is also discussed. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetotransport measurements show no effect of the Fermi level position on the magnetic anisotropy field and the Curie temperature, respectively, excluding bulk magnetism based on a carrier-mediated process. Furthermore, the magnetotransport measurements show that the anomalous Hall effect is dominated by the intrinsic and dissipationless Berry-phase driven mechanism, with the Hall resistivity enhanced near the bottom/top of the conduction/valence band, due to the Berry curvature which is concentrated near the avoided band crossings. These results demonstrate that the anomalous Hall effect can be effectively managed, maximized, or turned off, by adjusting the Fermi level.
Joanna Sitnicka, Kyungwha Park, Paweł Skupiński, Krzysztof Grasza, Anna Reszka, Kamil Sobczak, Jolanta Borysiuk, Zbigniew Adamus, Mateusz Tokarczyk, Andrei Avdonin, Irina Fedorchenko, Irina Abaloszewa, Sylwia Turczyniak-Surdacka, Natalia Olszowska, Jacek Kolodziej, Bogdan J. Kowalski, Haiming Deng, Marcin Konczykowski, Lia Krusin-Elbaum, Agnieszka Wolos MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}/$(Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$)$_{n}$ materials system has recently generated strong interest as a natural platform for realization of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state. The system is magnetically much better ordered than substitutionally doped materials, however, the detrimental effects of certain disorders are becoming increasingly acknowledged. Here, from compiling structural, compositional, and magnetic metrics of disorder in ferromagnetic MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}/$(Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$)$_{n}$ it is found that migration of Mn between MnBi$_{2}$T$e_{4}$ septuple layers (SLs) and otherwise non-magnetic Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ quintuple layers (QLs) has systemic consequences - it induces ferromagnetic coupling of Mn-depleted SLs with Mn-doped QLs, seen in ferromagnetic resonance as an acoustic and optical resonance mode of the two coupled spin subsystems. Even for a large SL separation (n $\gtrsim$ 4 QLs) the structure cannot be considered as a stack of uncoupled two-dimensional layers. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory studies show that Mn disorder within an SL causes delocalization of electron wavefunctions and a change of the surface bandstructure as compared to the ideal MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}/$(Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$)$_{n}$. These findings highlight the critical importance of inter- and intra-SL disorder towards achieving new QAH platforms as well as exploring novel axion physics in intrinsic topological magnets.
Multi-level exciton-polariton systems offer an attractive platform for studies of non-linear optical phenomena. However, studies of such consequential non-linear phenomena as polariton condensation and lasing in planar microcavities have so far been limited to two-level systems, where the condensation takes place in the lowest attainable state. Here, we report non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton-polaritons and low threshold, dual-wavelength polariton lasing in vertically coupled, double planar microcavities. Moreover, we find that the presence of the non-resonantly driven condensate triggers interbranch exciton-polariton transfer in the form of energy-degenerate parametric scattering. Such an effect has so far been observed only under excitation that is strictly resonant in terms of the energy and incidence angle. We describe theoretically our time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence investigations by a set of rate equations involving an open-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our platform's inherent tunability is promising for construction of planar lattices, enabling three-dimensional polariton hopping and realization of photonic devices, such as two-qubit polariton-based logic gates.
Hydrogen, the smallest and most abundant element in nature, can be efficiently incorporated within a solid and drastically modify its electronic state - it has been known to induce novel magnetoelectric effects in complex perovskites and modulate insulator-to-metal transition in a correlated Mott oxide. Here we demonstrate that hydrogenation resolves an outstanding challenge in chalcogenide classes of three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators and magnets - the control of intrinsic bulk conduction that denies access to quantum surface transport. With electrons donated by a reversible binding of H+ ions to Te(Se) chalcogens, carrier densities are easily changed by over 10^20 cm^-3, allowing tuning the Fermi level into the bulk bandgap to enter surface/edge current channels. The hydrogen-tuned topological materials are stable at room temperature and tunable disregarding bulk size, opening a breadth of platforms for harnessing emergent topological states.
Coupling of quantum emitters in a semiconductor relies, generally, on short-range dipole-dipole or electronic exchange type interactions. Consistently, energy transfer between exciton states, that is, electron-hole pairs bound by Coulomb interaction, is limited to distances of the order of 10~nm. Here, we demonstrate polariton-mediated coupling and energy transfer between excitonic states over a distance exceeding 2~$\mu$m. We accomplish this by coupling quantum well-confined excitons through the delocalized mode of two coupled optical microcavities. Use of magnetically doped quantum wells enables us to tune the confined exciton energy by the magnetic field and in this way to control the spatial direction of the transfer. Such controlled, long-distance interaction between coherently coupled quantum emitters opens possibilities of a scalable implementation of quantum networks and quantum simulators based on solid-state, multi-cavity systems.
Haiming Deng, Zhiyi Chen, Agnieszka Wolos, Marcin Konczykowski, Kamil Sobczak, Joanna Sitnicka, Irina V. Fedorchenko, Jolanta Borysiuk, Tristan Heider, Lukasz Plucinski, Kyungwha Park, Alexandru B. Georgescu, Jennifer Cano, Lia Krusin-Elbaum The quantum anomalous Hall effect is a fundamental transport response of a topologically non-trivial system in zero magnetic field. Its physical origin relies on the intrinsically inverted electronic band structure and ferromagnetism, and its most consequential manifestation is the dissipation-free flow of chiral charge currents at the edges that can potentially transform future quantum electronics. Here we report a previously unknown Berry-curvature-driven anomalous Hall regime ('Q-window') at above-Kelvin temperatures in the magnetic topological bulk crystals where through growth Mn ions self-organize into a period-ordered MnBi$_2$Te$_4$/Bi$_2$Te$_3$ superlattice. Robust ferromagnetism of the MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ monolayers opens a large surface gap, and anomalous Hall conductance reaches an $e^2/h$ quantization plateau when the Fermi level is tuned into this gap within a Q-window in which the anomalous Hall conductance from the bulk is to a high precision zero. The quantization in this new regime is not obstructed by the bulk conduction channels and thus should be present in a broad family of topological magnets.
We achieve direct detection of electron hyperfine shifts in individual CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots. For the previously inaccessible regime of strong magnetic fields $B_z\gtrsim0.1$ T, we demonstrate robust polarization of a few-hundred-particle nuclear spin bath, with optical initialization time of $\sim$ 1 ms and polarization lifetime exceeding $\sim$ 1 s. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of individual dots reveals strong electron-nuclear interactions characterized by the Knight fields $|B_e|\gtrsim50$ mT, an order of magnitude stronger than in III-V semiconductor quantum dots. Our studies confirm II-VI semiconductor quantum dots as a promising platform for hybrid electron-nuclear spin quantum registers, combining the excellent optical properties comparable to III-V dots, and the dilute nuclear spin environment similar to group-IV semiconductors.
This work presents epitaxial growth and optical spectroscopy of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in (Cd,Zn,Mg)Te barriers placed on the top of (Cd,Zn,Mg)Te distributed Bragg reflector. The formed photonic mode in our half-cavity structure permits to enhance the local excitation intensity and extraction efficiency of the QD photoluminescence, while suppressing the reflectance within the spectral range covering the QD transitions. This allows to perform coherent, nonlinear, resonant spectroscopy of individual QDs. The coherence dynamics of a charged exciton is measured via four-wave mixing, with the estimated dephasing time $T_2=(210\,\pm\,40)$ ps. The same structure contains QDs doped with single Mn$^{2+}$ ions, as detected in photoluminescence spectra. Our work therefore paves the way toward investigating and controlling an exciton coherence coupled, via $s$,$p$-$d$ exchange interaction, with an individual spin of a magnetic dopant.