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Design,fabrication and characterization of 8x9 n-type silicon pad array for sampling calorimetry
Sawan, G. Tambave, J. L. Bouly, O. Bourrion, T. Chujo, A. Das, M. Inaba, V. K. S. Kashyap, C. Krug, R. Laha, C. Loizides, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal N. Ponchant, K. P. Sharma, R. Singh, D. Tourres
Jun 13 2024 physics.ins-det hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2406.08144v1

@misc{2406.08144, author = {Sawan and G.~Tambave and J.~L.~Bouly and O.~Bourrion and T.~Chujo and A.~Das and M.~Inaba and V.~K.~S.~Kashyap and C.~Krug and R.~Laha and C.~Loizides and B.~Mohanty and M.M.~Mondal N.~Ponchant and K.~P.~Sharma and R.~Singh and D.~Tourres}, title = {{D}esign,fabrication and characterization of 8x9 n-type silicon pad array for sampling calorimetry}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2406.08144}, note = {arXiv:2406.08144v1} }
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This paper reports the development and testing of n-type silicon pad array detectors targeted for the Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) detector, which is an upgrade of the ALICE detector at CERN, scheduled for data taking in Run~4~(2029-2034). The FoCal detector includes hadronic and electromagnetic calorimeters, with the latter made of tungsten absorber layers and granular silicon pad arrays read out using the High Granularity Calorimeter Readout Chip~(HGCROC). This paper covers the Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations, the fabrication process, current versus voltage (IV) and capacitance versus voltage (CV) measurements, test results with a blue LED and $^{90}$Sr beta source, and neutron radiation hardness tests. IV measurements for the detector showed that 90\% of the pads had leakage current below 10~nA at full depletion voltage. Simulations predicted a breakdown voltage of 1000~V and practical tests confirmed stable operation up to 500~V without breakdown. CV measurements in the data and the simulations gave a full depletion voltage of around 50~V at a capacitance of 35~pF. LED tests verified that all detector pads responded correctly. Additionally, the 1$\times$1 cm$^2$ pads were also tested with the neutron radiations at a fluence of $5\times10^{13}$ 1~MeV~n$_{eq}$/cm$^2$.
Beam test of n-type Silicon pad array detector at PS CERN
Sawan, M. Bregant, J. L. Bouly, O. Bourrion, A. van den Brink, T. Chujo, C. Krug, L. Kumar, V. K. S. Kashyap, A. Ghimouz, M. Inaba, T. Isidori, C. Loizides, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, N. Minafra, N. Novitzky, N. Ponchant, M. Rauch, K. P. Sharma, et al (4)
Mar 21 2024 physics.ins-det hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2403.13394v1

@misc{2403.13394, author = {Sawan and M.~Bregant and J.~L.~Bouly and O.~Bourrion and A.~van den Brink and T.~Chujo and C.~Krug and L.~Kumar and V.~K.~S.~Kashyap and A.~Ghimouz and M.~Inaba and T.~Isidori and C.~Loizides and B.~Mohanty and M.M.~Mondal and N.~Minafra and N.~Novitzky and N.~Ponchant and M.~Rauch and K.~P.~Sharma and R.~Singh and D.~Thienpont and D.~Tourres and G.~Tambave}, title = {{B}eam test of n-type {S}ilicon pad array detector at {PS} {CERN}}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2403.13394}, note = {arXiv:2403.13394v1} }
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This work reports the testing of a Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) prototype based on an n-type Si pad array detector at the CERN PS accelerator. The FoCal is a proposed upgrade in the ALICE detector operating within the pseudorapidity range of 3.2 < $\mathrm{\eta}$ < 5.8. It aims to measure direct photons, neutral hadrons, vector mesons, and jets for the study of gluon saturation effects in the unexplored region of low momentum fraction x ($\mathrm{\sim10^{-5} - 10^{-6}}$). The prototype is a $\mathrm{8\times9}$ n-type Si pad array detector with each pad occupying one cm$^2$ area, fabricated on a 6-in, 325~$\mathrm{\pm 10 \thinspace \mu}$m thick, and high-resistivity ($\sim$7 k$\Omega \thinspace$ cm) Si wafer which is readout using HGCROCv2 chip. The detector is tested using pion beams of energy 10~GeV and electron beams of energy 1-5~GeV. The measurements of the Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP) response of pions and the shower profiles of electrons are reported.
Hot QCD White Paper
M. Arslandok, S. A. Bass, A. A. Baty, I. Bautista, C. Beattie, F. Becattini, R. Bellwied, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikov, J. Bielcik, J. T. Blair, F. Bock, B. Boimska, H. Bossi, H. Caines, Y. Chen, Y.-T. Chien, M. Chiu, M. E. Connors, M. Csanád, et al (154)
Mar 31 2023 nucl-ex hep-ex hep-ph nucl-th arXiv:2303.17254v1

@misc{2303.17254, author = {M.~Arslandok and S.~A.~Bass and A.~A.~Baty and I.~Bautista and C.~Beattie and F.~Becattini and R.~Bellwied and Y.~Berdnikov and A.~Berdnikov and J.~Bielcik and J.~T.~Blair and F.~Bock and B.~Boimska and H.~Bossi and H.~Caines and Y.~Chen and Y.-T.~Chien and M.~Chiu and M.~E.~Connors and M.~Csanád and C.L.~da Silva and A.~P.~Dash and G.~David and K.~Dehmelt and V.~Dexheimer and X.~Dong and A.~Drees and L.~Du and J.~M.~Durham and R.J.~Ehlers and H.~Elfner and O.~Evdokimov and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and J.~Frantz and A.~D.~Frawley and C.~Gale and F.~Geurts and V.~Gonzalez and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and S.~K.~Grossberndt and T.~Hachiya and X.~He and U.~Heinz and B.~Hong and T.~J.~Humanic and D.~Ivanishchev and B.~V.~Jacak and J.~Jahan and S.~Jeon and H.R.~Jheng and J.~Jia and E.~G.~Judd and J.~I.~Kapusta and I.~Karpenko and V.~Khachatryan and D.E.~Kharzeev and M.~Kim and B.~Kimelman and J.L.~Klay and S.~R.~Klein and A.~G.~Knospe and V.~Koch and D Kotov and G.~K.~Krintiras and R.~Kunnawalkam Elayavalli and C.~M.~Kuo and J.~G.~Lajoie and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and J.~Liao and I.~Likmeta and S.~H.~Lim and M.~X.~Liu and C.~Loizides and R.Longo and X.~Luo and M.~Luzum and R.~Ma and A.~Majumder and S.~Mak and C.~Markert and Y.~Mehtar-Tani and A.~C.~Mignerey and N.~Minafra and D.~P.~Morrison and B.~Mueller and J.L.~Nagle and A.~Narde and C.~E.~Nattrass and T.~Niida and J.~Noronha and J.~Noronha-Hostler and R.~Nouicer and N.~Novitzky and E.~O'Brien and G.Odyniec and V.~A.~Okorokov and J.~D.~Osborn and J.-F.~Paquet and S.~Park and P.~Parotto and D.V.~Perepelitsa and P.~Petreczky and C.~Pinkenburg and M.~Praszalowicz and C.~Pruneau and J.~Putschke and N.V.~Ramasubramanian and R.~Rapp and C.~Ratti and K.F.~Read and P.~Rebello Teles and R.~Reed and T.~Rinn and G.~Roland and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and L.~Ruan and T.~Sakaguchi and S.~Salur and M.~Sarsour and A.~S.~Menon and B.~Schenke and N.~V.~Schmidt and A.~Schmier and T.~Schäfer and J.~Seger and R.~Seto and Oveis Sheibani and C.~Shen and Z.~Shi and E.~Shulga and A.~M.~Sickles and M.~Singh and B.K.Singh and N.~Smirnov and K.L.~Smith and H.~Song and I.~Soudi and A.~G.~Stahl Leiton and P.~Steinberg and M.~Stephanov and M.~Strickland and M.~Sumbera and D.~Sunar Cerci and Y.~Tachibana and A.H.~Tang and D.~Tapia Takaki and D.~Teaney and D.~Thomas and A.R.~Timmins and P.~Tribedy and Z.~Tu and S.~Tuo and O.~V.~Rueda and J.~Velkovska and R.~Venugopalan and F.~Videbæk and S.~A.~Voloshin and V.~Vovchenko and G.~Vujanovic and X.~Wang and F.~Wang and X.-N.~Wang and S.~Weyhmiller and W.~Xie and N.~Xu and Y.~Yang and X.~Yao and Z.~Ye and H.-U.~Yee and W.A.~Zajc}, title = {{H}ot {QCD} {W}hite {P}aper}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2303.17254}, note = {arXiv:2303.17254v1} }
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Hot QCD physics studies the nuclear strong force under extreme temperature and densities. Experimentally these conditions are achieved via high-energy collisions of heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In the past decade, a unique and substantial suite of data was collected at RHIC and the LHC, probing hydrodynamics at the nucleon scale, the temperature dependence of the transport properties of quark-gluon plasma, the phase diagram of nuclear matter, the interaction of quarks and gluons at different scales and much more. This document, as part of the 2023 nuclear science long range planning process, was written to review the progress in hot QCD since the 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science, as well as highlight the realization of previous recommendations, and present opportunities for the next decade, building on the accomplishments and investments made in theoretical developments and the construction of new detectors. Furthermore, this document provides additional context to support the recommendations voted on at the Joint Hot and Cold QCD Town Hall Meeting, which are reported in a separate document.
The Present and Future of QCD
P. Achenbach, D. Adhikari, A. Afanasev, F. Afzal, C.A. Aidala, A. Al-bataineh, D.K. Almaalol, M. Amaryan, D. Androić, W.R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, E.C. Aschenauer, H. Atac, H. Avakian, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, K.N. Barish, et al (383)
Mar 07 2023 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:2303.02579v1

@misc{2303.02579, author = {P.~Achenbach and D.~Adhikari and A.~Afanasev and F.~Afzal and C.A.~Aidala and A.~Al-bataineh and D.K.~Almaalol and M.~Amaryan and D.~Androić and W.R.~Armstrong and M.~Arratia and J.~Arrington and A.~Asaturyan and E.C.~Aschenauer and H.~Atac and H.~Avakian and T.~Averett and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and X.~Bai and K.N.~Barish and N.~Barnea and G.~Basar and M.~Battaglieri and A.A.~Baty and I.~Bautista and A.~Bazilevsky and C.~Beattie and S.C.~Behera and V.~Bellini and R.~Bellwied and J.F.~Benesch and F.~Benmokhtar and C.A.~Bernardes and J.C.~Bernauer and H.~Bhatt and S.~Bhatta and M.~Boer and T.J.~Boettcher and S.A.~Bogacz and H.J.~Bossi and J.D.~Brandenburg and E.J.~Brash and R.A.~Briceño and W.J.~Briscoe and S.J.~Brodsky and D.A.~Brown and V.D.~Burkert and H.~Caines and I.A.~Cali and A.~Camsonne and D.S.~Carman and J.~Caylor and S.~Cerci and M.~Chamizo Llatas and S.~Chatterjee and J.P.~Chen and Y.~Chen and Y.-C.~Chen and Y.-T.~Chien and P.-C.~Chou and X.~Chu and E.~Chudakov and E.~Cline and I.C.~Cloët and P.L.~Cole and M.E.~Connors and M.~Constantinou and W.~Cosyn and S.~Covrig Dusa and R.~Cruz-Torres and U.~D'Alesio and C.~da Silva and Z.~Davoudi and C.T.~Dean and D.J.~Dean and M.~Demarteau and A.~Deshpande and W.~Detmold and A.~Deur and B.R.~Devkota and S.~Dhital and M.~Diefenthaler and S.~Dobbs and M.~Döring and X.~Dong and R.~Dotel and K.A.~Dow and E.J.~Downie and J.L.~Drachenberg and A.~Dumitru and J.C.~Dunlop and R.~Dupre and J.M.~Durham and D.~Dutta and R.G.~Edwards and R.J.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and M.~Elaasar and L.~Elouadrhiri and M.~Engelhardt and R.~Ent and S.~Esumi and O.~Evdokimov and O.~Eyser and C.~Fanelli and R.~Fatemi and I.P.~Fernando and F.A.~Flor and N.~Fomin and A.D.~Frawley and T.~Frederico and R.J.~Fries and C.~Gal and B.R.~Gamage and L.~Gamberg and H.~Gao and D.~Gaskell and F.~Geurts and Y.~Ghandilyan and N.~Ghimire and R.~Gilman and C.~Gleason and K.~Gnanvo and R.W.~Gothe and S.V.~Greene and H.W.~Grießhammer and S.K.~Grossberndt and B.~Grube and D.C.~Hackett and T.J.~Hague and H.~Hakobyan and J.-O.~Hansen and Y.~Hatta and M.~Hattawy and L.B.~Havener and O.~Hen and W.~Henry and D.W.~Higinbotham and T.J.~Hobbs and A.M.~Hodges and T.~Holmstrom and B.~Hong and T.~Horn and C.R.~Howell and H.Z.~Huang and M.~Huang and S.~Huang and G.M.~Huber and C.E.~Hyde and E.L.~Isupov and P.M.~Jacobs and J.~Jalilian-Marian and A.~Jentsch and H.~Jheng and C.-R.~Ji and X.~Ji and J.~Jia and D.C.~Jones and M.K.~Jones and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and Z.B.~Kang and J.M.~Karthein and D.~Keller and C.~Keppel and V.~Khachatryan and D.E.~Kharzeev and H.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and P.M.~King and E.~Kinney and S.R.~Klein and H.S.~Ko and V.~Koch and M.~Kohl and Y.V.~Kovchegov and G.K.~Krintiras and V.~Kubarovsky and S.E.~Kuhn and K.S.~Kumar and T.~Kutz and J.G.~Lajoie and J.~Lauret and I.~Lavrukhin and D.~Lawrence and J.H.~Lee and K.~Lee and S.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and S.~Li and W.~Li and Xiaqing Li and Xuan Li and J.~Liao and H.-W.~Lin and M.A.~Lisa and K.-F.~Liu and M.X.~Liu and T.~Liu and S.~Liuti and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and R.~Longo and W.~Lorenzon and S.~Lunkenheimer and X.~Luo and R.~Ma and B.~McKinnon and D.G.~Meekins and Y.~Mehtar-Tani and W.~Melnitchouk and A.~Metz and C.A.~Meyer and Z.-E.~Meziani and R.~Michaels and J.K.L.~Michel and R.G.~Milner and H.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Mohanmurthy and B.~Mohanty and V.~I.~Mokeev and D.H.~Moon and I.A.~Mooney and C.~Morningstar and D.P.~Morrison and B.~Müller and S.~Mukherjee and J.~Mulligan and C.~Munoz Camacho and J.A.~Murillo Quijada and M.J.~Murray and S.A.~Nadeeshani and P.~Nadel-Turonski and J.D.~Nam and C.E.~Nattrass and G.~Nijs and J.~Noronha and J.~Noronha-Hostler and N.~Novitzky and M.~Nycz and F.I.~Olness and J.D.~Osborn and R.~Pak and B.~Pandey and M.~Paolone and Z.~Papandreou and J.-F.~Paquet and S.~Park and K.D.~Paschke and B.~Pasquini and E.~Pasyuk and T.~Patel and A.~Patton and C.~Paudel and C.~Peng and J.C.~Peng and H.~Pereira Da Costa and D.V.~Perepelitsa and M.J.~Peters and P.~Petreczky and R.~D.~Pisarski and D.~Pitonyak and M.A.~Ploskon and M.~Posik and J.~Poudel and R.~Pradhan and A.~Prokudin and C.A.~Pruneau and A.J.R.~Puckett and P.~Pujahari and J.~Putschke and J.R.~Pybus and J.-W.~Qiu and K.~Rajagopal and C.~Ratti and K.F.~Read and R.~Reed and D.G.~Richards and C.~Riedl and F.~Ringer and T.~Rinn and J.~Rittenhouse West and J.~Roche and A.~Rodas and G.~Roland and F.~Romero-López and P.~Rossi and T.~Rostomyan and L.~Ruan and O.~M.~Ruimi and N.R.~Saha and N.R.~Sahoo and T.~Sakaguchi and F.~Salazar and C.W.~Salgado and G.~Salmè and S.~Salur and S.N.~Santiesteban and M.M.~Sargsian and M.~Sarsour and N.~Sato and T.~Satogata and S.~Sawada and T.~Schäfer and B.~Scheihing-Hitschfeld and B.~Schenke and S.T.~Schindler and A.~Schmidt and R.~Seidl and M.H.~Shabestari and P.E.~Shanahan and C.~Shen and T.-A.~Sheng and M.R.~Shepherd and A.M.~Sickles and M.D.~Sievert and K.L.~Smith and Y.~Song and A.~Sorensen and P.A.~Souder and N.~Sparveris and S.~Srednyak and A.G.~Stahl Leiton and A.M.~Stasto and P.~Steinberg and S.~Stepanyan and M.~Stephanov and J.~R.~Stevens and D.~J.~Stewart and I.~W.~Stewart and M.~Stojanovic and I.~Strakovsky and S.~Strauch and M.~Strickland and D.~Sunar Cerci and M.~Suresh and B.~Surrow and S.~Syritsyn and A.P.~Szczepaniak and A.S.~Tadepalli and A.H.~Tang and J.D.~Tapia Takaki and T.J.~Tarnowsky and A.N.~Tawfik and M.I.~Taylor and C.~Tennant and A.~Thiel and D.~Thomas and Y.~Tian and A.R.~Timmins and P.~Tribedy and Z.~Tu and S.~Tuo and T.~Ullrich and E.~Umaka and D.W.~Upton and J.P.~Vary and J.~Velkovska and R.~Venugopalan and A.~Vijayakumar and I.~Vitev and W.~Vogelsang and R.~Vogt and A.~Vossen and E.~Voutier and V.~Vovchenko and A.~Walker-Loud and F.~Wang and J.~Wang and X.~Wang and X.-N.~Wang and L.B.~Weinstein and T.J.~Wenaus and S.~Weyhmiller and S.W.~Wissink and B.~Wojtsekhowski and C.P.~Wong and M.H.~Wood and Y.~Wunderlich and B.~Wyslouch and B.W.~Xiao and W.~Xie and W.~Xiong and N.~Xu and Q.H.~Xu and Z.~Xu and D.~Yaari and X.~Yao and Z.~Ye and Z.H.~Ye and C.~Yero and F.~Yuan and W.A.~Zajc and C.~Zhang and J.~Zhang and F.~Zhao and Y.~Zhao and Z.W.~Zhao and X.~Zheng and J.~Zhou and M.~Zurek}, title = {{T}he {P}resent and {F}uture of {QCD}}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2303.02579}, note = {arXiv:2303.02579v1} }
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This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research.
Hot and Cold QCD White Paper from ALICE-USA: Input for 2023 U.S. Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science
N. Alizadehvandchali, N. Apadula, M. Arslandok, C. Beattie, R. Bellwied, J. T. Blair, F. Bock, H. Bossi, A. Bylinkin, H. Caines, I. Chakaberia, M. Cherney, T. M. Cormier, R. Cruz-Torres, P. Dhankher, D. U. Dixit, R. J. Ehlers, W. Fan, M. Fasel, F. Flor, et al (63)
Dec 02 2022 nucl-ex hep-ex arXiv:2212.00512v1

@misc{2212.00512, author = {N.~Alizadehvandchali and N.~Apadula and M.~Arslandok and C.~Beattie and R.~Bellwied and J.~T.~Blair and F.~Bock and H.~Bossi and A.~Bylinkin and H.~Caines and I.~Chakaberia and M.~Cherney and T.~M.~Cormier and R.~Cruz-Torres and P.~Dhankher and D.~U.~Dixit and R.~J.~Ehlers and W.~Fan and M.~Fasel and F.~Flor and A.~N.~Flores and D.~R.~Gangadharan and E.~Garcia-Solis and A.~Gautam and E.~Glimos and V.~Gonzalez and A.~Hamdi and R.~Hannigan and J.~W.~Harris and A.~Harton and H.~Hassan and L.~B.~Havener and C.~Hughes and T.~J.~Humanic and A.~Hutson and T.~Isidori and B.~Jacak and P.~M.~Jacobs and F.~Jonas and A.~Khatun and M.~Kim and J.~L.~Klay and S.~Klein and A.~G.~Knospe and Y.~S.~Lai and E.~D.~Lesser and I.~Likmeta and A.~Liu and C.~Loizides and C.~Markert and J.~L.~Martinez and A.~S.~Menon and J.~D.~Mulligan and A.~I.~Nambrath and C.~Nattrass and N.~Novitzky and A.~C.~Oliveira Da Silva and M.~H.~Oliver and L.~Pinsky and M.~Ploskon and M.~G.~Poghosyan and C.~A.~Pruneau and R.~E.~Quishpe and S.~Ragoni and K.~F.~Read and O.~V.~Rueda and D.~Sarkar and M.~H.~P.~Sas and J.~Schambach and N.~V.~Schmidt and A.~R.~Schmier and J.~E.~Seger and O.~Sheibani and N.~Smirnov and J.~Song and P.~J.~Steffanic and J.~D.~Tapia Takaki and C.~Terrevoli and D.~Thomas and A.~R.~Timmins and S.~A.~Voloshin and S.~L.~Weyhmiller and J.~R.~Wright}, title = {{H}ot and {C}old {QCD} {W}hite {P}aper from {ALICE}-{USA}: {I}nput for 2023 {U}.{S}. {L}ong {R}ange {P}lan for {N}uclear {S}cience}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2212.00512}, note = {arXiv:2212.00512v1} }
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The ALICE-USA collaboration presents its plans for the 2023 U.S. Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science.
Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart
Benjamin Bally, James Daniel Brandenburg, Giuliano Giacalone, Ulrich Heinz, Shengli Huang, Jiangoyng Jia, Dean Lee, Yen-Jie Lee, Wei Li, Constantin Loizides, Matthew Luzum, Govert Nijs, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Mateusz Ploskon, Wilke van der Schee, Bjoern Schenke, Chun Shen, Vittorio Somà, Anthony Timmins, Zhangbu Xu, et al (1)
Sep 23 2022 nucl-ex hep-ph nucl-th arXiv:2209.11042v2

@misc{2209.11042, author = {Benjamin Bally and James Daniel Brandenburg and Giuliano Giacalone and Ulrich Heinz and Shengli Huang and Jiangoyng Jia and Dean Lee and Yen-Jie Lee and Wei Li and Constantin Loizides and Matthew Luzum and Govert Nijs and Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler and Mateusz Ploskon and Wilke van der Schee and Bjoern Schenke and Chun Shen and Vittorio Somà and Anthony Timmins and Zhangbu Xu and You Zhou}, title = {{I}maging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2209.11042}, note = {arXiv:2209.11042v2} }
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High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP leading to final-state hadrons observed experimentally. Recent advances in experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of various stages to the final-state observables. To avoid this, we propose leveraging known knowledge of low-energy nuclear structure and hydrodynamic observables to constrain the IC independently. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei - species with similar mass numbers but different structures - we disentangle the initial condition's impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the IC but also turns high-energy experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches. Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the LHC and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future EIC. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then.
Detector Requirements and Simulation Results for the EIC Exclusive, Diffractive and Tagging Physics Program using the ECCE Detector Concept
A. Bylinkin, C. T. Dean, S. Fegan, D. Gangadharan, K. Gates, S. J. D. Kay, I. Korover, W.B. Li, X. Li, R. Montgomery, D. Nguyen, G. Penman, J. R. Pybus, N. Santiesteban, R. Trotta, A. Usman, M.D. Baker, J. Frantz, D. I. Glazier, D. W. Higinbotham, et al (263)
Sep 01 2022 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2208.14575v2

@misc{2208.14575, author = {A.~Bylinkin and C.~T.~Dean and S.~Fegan and D.~Gangadharan and K.~Gates and S.~J.~D.~Kay and I.~Korover and W.B.~Li and X.~Li and R.~Montgomery and D.~Nguyen and G.~Penman and J.~R.~Pybus and N.~Santiesteban and R.~Trotta and A.~Usman and M.D.~Baker and J.~Frantz and D.~I.~Glazier and D.~W.~Higinbotham and T.~Horn and J.~Huang and G.~Huber and R.~Reed and J.~Roche and A.~Schmidt and P.~Steinberg and J.~Stevens and Y.~Goto and C.~Munoz Camacho and M.~Murray and Z.~Papandreou and W.~Zha and J.~K.~Adkins and Y.~Akiba and A.~Albataineh and M.~Amaryan and I.~C.~Arsene and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and J.~Bae and X.~Bai and M.~Bashkanov and R.~Bellwied and F.~Benmokhtar and V.~Berdnikov and J.~C.~Bernauer and F.~Bock and W.~Boeglin and M.~Borysova and E.~Brash and P.~Brindza and W.~J.~Briscoe and M.~Brooks and S.~Bueltmann and M.~H.~S.~Bukhari and R.~Capobianco and W.-C.~Chang and Y.~Cheon and K.~Chen and K.-F.~Chen and K.-Y.~Cheng and M.~Chiu and T.~Chujo and Z.~Citron and E.~Cline and E.~Cohen and T.~Cormier and Y.~Corrales Morales and C.~Cotton and J.~Crafts and C.~Crawford and S.~Creekmore and C.Cuevas and J.~Cunningham and G.~David and M.~Demarteau and S.~Diehl and N.~Doshita and R.~Dupre and J.~M.~Durham and R.~Dzhygadlo and R.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and A.~Emmert and R.~Ent and C.~Fanelli and R.~Fatemi and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and M.~Friedman and I.~Friscic and S.~Gardner and F.~Geurts and R.~Gilman and E.~Glimos and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~Guo and S.~K.~Ha and J.~Haggerty and T.~Hayward and X.~He and O.~Hen and M.~Hoballah and A.~Hoghmrtsyan and P.-h.~J.~Hsu and A.~Hutson and K.~Y.~Hwang and C.~E.~Hyde and M.~Inaba and T.~Iwata and H.S.~Jo and K.~Joo and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and K.~Kawade and A.~Kim and B.~Kim and C.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and Y.~Kim and E.~Kistenev and V.~Klimenko and S.~H.~Ko and W.~Korsch and G.~Krintiras and S.~Kuhn and C.-M.~Kuo and T.~Kutz and J.~Lajoie and D.~Lawrence and S.~Lebedev and H.~Lee and J.~S.~H.~Lee and S.~W.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and Y.~T.~Liang and S.~Lim and C.-h.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and K.~Liu and M.~X.~Liu and K.~Livingston and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and E.~Long and R.-S.~Lu and Z.~Lu and W.~Lynch and S.~Mantry and D.~Marchand and M.~Marcisovsky and C.~Markert and P.~Markowitz and H.~Marukyan and P.~McGaughey and M.~Mihovilovic and R.~G.~Milner and A.~Milov and Y.~Miyachi and A.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Monaghan and D.~Morrison and A.~Movsisyan and H.~Mkrtchyan and A.~Mkrtchyan and K.~Nagai and J.~Nagle and I.~Nakagawa and C.~Nattrass and S.~Niccolai and R.~Nouicer and G.~Nukazuka and M.~Nycz and V.~A.~Okorokov and S.~Oresic and J.D.~Osborn and C.~O'Shaughnessy and S.~Paganis and S.~F.~Pate and M.~Patel and C.~Paus and M.~G.~Perdekamp and D.~V.~Perepelitsa and H.~Periera da Costa and K.~Peters and W.~Phelps and E.~Piasetzky and C.~Pinkenburg and I.~Prochazka and T.~Protzman and M.~L.~Purschke and J.~Putschke and R.~Rajput-Ghoshal and J.~Rasson and B.~Raue and K.F.~Read and K.~Roed and J.~Reinhold and E.~L.~Renner and J.~Richards and C.~Riedl and T.~Rinn and G.~M.~Roland and G.~Ron and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and J.~Ryu and S.~Salur and R.~Santos and M.~Sarsour and J.~Schambach and N.~Schmidt and C.~Schwarz and J.~Schwiening and R.~Seidl and A.~Sickles and P.~Simmerling and S.~Sirca and D.~Sharma and Z.~Shi and T.-A.~Shibata and C.-W.~Shih and S.~Shimizu and U.~Shrestha and K.~Slifer and K.~Smith and D.~Sokhan and R.~Soltz and W.~Sondheim and J.~Song and J.~Song and I.~I.~Strakovsky and P.~Stepanov and J.~Strube and P.~Sun and X.~Sun and K.~Suresh and V.~Tadevosyan and W.-C.~Tang and S.~Tapia Araya and S.~Tarafdar and L.~Teodorescu and D.~Thomas and A.~Timmins and L.~Tomasek and N.~Trotta and T.~S.~Tveter and E.~Umaka and H.~W.~van Hecke and C.~Van Hulse and J.~Velkovska and E.~Voutier and P.K.~Wang and Q.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~Wang and D.~P.~Watts and N.~Wickramaarachchi and L.~Weinstein and M.~Williams and C.-P.~Wong and L.~Wood and M.~H.~Wood and C.~Woody and B.~Wyslouch and Z.~Xiao and Y.~Yamazaki and Y.~Yang and Z.~Ye and H.~D.~Yoo and M.~Yurov and N.~Zachariou and W.A.~Zajc and J.-L.~Zhang and J.-X.~Zhang}, title = {{D}etector {R}equirements and {S}imulation {R}esults for the {EIC} {E}xclusive, {D}iffractive and {T}agging {P}hysics {P}rogram using the {ECCE} {D}etector {C}oncept}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2208.14575}, note = {arXiv:2208.14575v2} }
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This article presents a collection of simulation studies using the ECCE detector concept in the context of the EIC's exclusive, diffractive, and tagging physics program, which aims to further explore the rich quark-gluon structure of nucleons and nuclei. To successfully execute the program, ECCE proposed to utilize the detecter system close to the beamline to ensure exclusivity and tag ion beam/fragments for a particular reaction of interest. Preliminary studies confirmed the proposed technology and design satisfy the requirements. The projected physics impact results are based on the projected detector performance from the simulation at 10 or 100 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity. Additionally, a few insights on the potential 2nd Interaction Region can (IR) were also documented which could serve as a guidepost for the future development of a second EIC detector.
Snowmass 2021/22 Letter of Interest: A Forward Calorimeter at the LHC
I.G. Bearden, R. Bellwied, V. Borshchov, J. Faivre, C. Furget, E. Garcia-Solis, M.B. Gay Ducati, G. Conesa-Balbastre, R. Guernane, C. Loizides, J. Rojo, M. Płoskoń, S.R. Klein, Y. Kovchegov, V.A. Okorokov, T. Peitzmann, M. Protsenko, J. Putschke, D. Röhrich, J.D. Tapia Takaki, et al (3)
Aug 30 2022 hep-ex nucl-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2208.13541v1

@misc{2208.13541, author = {I.G.~Bearden and R.~Bellwied and V.~Borshchov and J.~Faivre and C.~Furget and E.~Garcia-Solis and M.B.~Gay Ducati and G.~Conesa-Balbastre and R.~Guernane and C.~Loizides and J.~Rojo and M.~Płoskoń and S.R.~Klein and Y.~Kovchegov and V.A.~Okorokov and T.~Peitzmann and M.~Protsenko and J.~Putschke and D.~Röhrich and J.D.~Tapia Takaki and I.~Tymchuk and M.~van Leeuwen and R.~Venugopalan}, title = {{S}nowmass 2021/22 {L}etter of {I}nterest: {A} {F}orward {C}alorimeter at the {LHC}}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2208.13541}, note = {arXiv:2208.13541v1} }
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A forward electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter (FoCal) was proposed as an upgrade to the ALICE experiment, to be installed during LS3 for data-taking in 2027--2029 at the LHC. The FoCal extends the scope of ALICE, which was designed for the comprehensive study of hot and dense partonic matter, by adding new capabilities to explore the small-$x$ parton structure of nucleons and nuclei. The primary objective of the FoCal is high-precision inclusive measurement of direct photons and jets, as well as coincident gamma-jet and jet-jet measurements, in pp and p--Pb collisions. These measurements by FoCal constitute an essential part of a comprehensive small-$x$ program at the LHC down to $x\sim10^{-6}$ and over a large range of $Q^2$ with a broad array of complementary probes, comprising -- in addition to the photon measurements by FoCal and LHCb -- Drell-Yan and open charm measurements planned by LHCb, as well as photon-induced reactions performed by all LHC experiments.
Exclusive J/$\psi$ Detection and Physics with ECCE
X. Li, J. K. Adkins, Y. Akiba, A. Albataineh, M. Amaryan, I. C. Arsene, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bae, X. Bai, M.D. Baker, M. Bashkanov, R. Bellwied, F. Benmokhtar, V. Berdnikov, J. C. Bernauer, F. Bock, W. Boeglin, M. Borysova, E. Brash, P. Brindza, et al (267)
Jul 22 2022 nucl-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2207.10356v1

@misc{2207.10356, author = {X.~Li and J.~K.~Adkins and Y.~Akiba and A.~Albataineh and M.~Amaryan and I.~C.~Arsene and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and J.~Bae and X.~Bai and M.D.~Baker and M.~Bashkanov and R.~Bellwied and F.~Benmokhtar and V.~Berdnikov and J.~C.~Bernauer and F.~Bock and W.~Boeglin and M.~Borysova and E.~Brash and P.~Brindza and W.~J.~Briscoe and M.~Brooks and S.~Bueltmann and M.~H.~S.~Bukhari and A.~Bylinkin and R.~Capobianco and W.-C.~Chang and Y.~Cheon and K.~Chen and K.-F.~Chen and K.-Y.~Cheng and M.~Chiu and T.~Chujo and Z.~Citron and E.~Cline and E.~Cohen and T.~Cormier and Y.~Corrales Morales and C.~Cotton and J.~Crafts and C.~Crawford and S.~Creekmore and C.Cuevas and J.~Cunningham and G.~David and C.~T.~Dean and M.~Demarteau and S.~Diehl and N.~Doshita and R.~Dupré and J.~M.~Durham and R.~Dzhygadlo and R.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and A.~Emmert and R.~Ent and C.~Fanelli and R.~Fatemi and S.~Fegan and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and J.~Frantz and M.~Friedman and I.~Friscic and D.~Gangadharan and S.~Gardner and K.~Gates and F.~Geurts and R.~Gilman and D.~Glazier and E.~Glimos and Y.~Goto and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~Guo and S.~K.~Ha and J.~Haggerty and T.~Hayward and X.~He and O.~Hen and D.~W.~Higinbotham and M.~Hoballah and T.~Horn and A.~Hoghmrtsyan and P.-h.~J.~Hsu and J.~Huang and G.~Huber and A.~Hutson and K.~Y.~Hwang and C.~E.~Hyde and M.~Inaba and T.~Iwata and H.S.~Jo and K.~Joo and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and K.~Kawade and S.~J.~D.~Kay and A.~Kim and B.~Kim and C.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and Y.~Kim and E.~Kistenev and V.~Klimenko and S.~H.~Ko and I.~Korover and W.~Korsch and G.~Krintiras and S.~Kuhn and C.-M.~Kuo and T.~Kutz and J.~Lajoie and D.~Lawrence and S.~Lebedev and H.~Lee and J.~S.~H.~Lee and S.~W.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and W.B.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and Y.~T.~Liang and S.~Lim and C.-H.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and K.~Liu and M.~X.~Liu and K.~Livingston and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and E.~Long and R.-S.~Lu and Z.~Lu and W.~Lynch and S.~Mantry and D.~Marchand and M.~Marcisovsky and C.~Markert and P.~Markowitz and H.~Marukyan and P.~McGaughey and M.~Mihovilovic and R.~G.~Milner and A.~Milov and Y.~Miyachi and A.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Monaghan and R.~Montgomery and D.~Morrison and A.~Movsisyan and H.~Mkrtchyan and A.~Mkrtchyan and C.~Munoz Camacho and M.~Murray and K.~Nagai and J.~Nagle and I.~Nakagawa and C.~Nattrass and D.~Nguyen and S.~Niccolai and R.~Nouicer and G.~Nukazuka and M.~Nycz and V.~A.~Okorokov and S.~Orešić and J.D.~Osborn and C.~O'Shaughnessy and S.~Paganis and Z.~Papandreou and S.~F.~Pate and M.~Patel and C.~Paus and G.~Penman and M.~G.~Perdekamp and D.~V.~Perepelitsa and H.~Periera da Costa and K.~Peters and W.~Phelps and E.~Piasetzky and C.~Pinkenburg and I.~Prochazka and T.~Protzman and M.~L.~Purschke and J.~Putschke and J.~R.~Pybus and R.~Rajput-Ghoshal and J.~Rasson and B.~Raue and K.F.~Read and K.~Røed and R.~Reed and J.~Reinhold and E.~L.~Renner and J.~Richards and C.~Riedl and T.~Rinn and J.~Roche and G.~M.~Roland and G.~Ron and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and J.~Ryu and S.~Salur and N.~Santiesteban and R.~Santos and M.~Sarsour and J.~Schambach and A.~Schmidt and N.~Schmidt and C.~Schwarz and J.~Schwiening and R.~Seidl and A.~Sickles and P.~Simmerling and S.~Sirca and D.~Sharma and Z.~Shi and T.-A.~Shibata and C.-W.~Shih and S.~Shimizu and U.~Shrestha and K.~Slifer and K.~Smith and D.~Sokhan and R.~Soltz and W.~Sondheim and J.~Song and J.~Song and I.~I.~Strakovsky and P.~Steinberg and P.~Stepanov and J.~Stevens and J.~Strube and P.~Sun and X.~Sun and K.~Suresh and V.~Tadevosyan and W.-C.~Tang and S.~Tapia Araya and S.~Tarafdar and L.~Teodorescu and D.~Thomas and A.~Timmins and L.~Tomasek and N.~Trotta and R.~Trotta and T.~S.~Tveter and E.~Umaka and A.~Usman and H.~W.~van Hecke and C.~Van Hulse and J.~Velkovska and E.~Voutier and P.K.~Wang and Q.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~Wang and D.~P.~Watts and N.~Wickramaarachchi and L.~Weinstein and M.~Williams and C.-P.~Wong and L.~Wood and M.~H.~Wood and C.~Woody and B.~Wyslouch and Z.~Xiao and Y.~Yamazaki and Y.~Yang and Z.~Ye and H.~D.~Yoo and M.~Yurov and N.~Zachariou and W.A.~Zajc and W.~Zha and J.-L.~Zhang and J.-X.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.-X.~Zhao and X.~Zheng and P.~Zhuang}, title = {{E}xclusive {J}/$\psi$ {D}etection and {P}hysics with {ECCE}}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2207.10356}, note = {arXiv:2207.10356v1} }
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Exclusive heavy quarkonium photoproduction is one of the most popular processes in EIC, which has a large cross section and a simple final state. Due to the gluonic nature of the exchange Pomeron, this process can be related to the gluon distributions in the nucleus. The momentum transfer dependence of this process is sensitive to the interaction sites, which provides a powerful tool to probe the spatial distribution of gluons in the nucleus. Recently the problem of the origin of hadron mass has received lots of attention in determining the anomaly contribution $M_{a}$. The trace anomaly is sensitive to the gluon condensate, and exclusive production of quarkonia such as J/$\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ can serve as a sensitive probe to constrain it. In this paper, we present the performance of the ECCE detector for exclusive J/$\psi$ detection and the capability of this process to investigate the above physics opportunities with ECCE.
Open Heavy Flavor Studies for the ECCE Detector at the Electron Ion Collider
X. Li, J. K. Adkins, Y. Akiba, A. Albataineh, M. Amaryan, I. C. Arsene, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bae, X. Bai, M.D. Baker, M. Bashkanov, R. Bellwied, F. Benmokhtar, V. Berdnikov, J. C. Bernauer, F. Bock, W. Boeglin, M. Borysova, E. Brash, P. Brindza, et al (267)
Jul 22 2022 physics.ins-det hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2207.10632v2

@misc{2207.10632, author = {X.~Li and J.~K.~Adkins and Y.~Akiba and A.~Albataineh and M.~Amaryan and I.~C.~Arsene and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and J.~Bae and X.~Bai and M.D.~Baker and M.~Bashkanov and R.~Bellwied and F.~Benmokhtar and V.~Berdnikov and J.~C.~Bernauer and F.~Bock and W.~Boeglin and M.~Borysova and E.~Brash and P.~Brindza and W.~J.~Briscoe and M.~Brooks and S.~Bueltmann and M.~H.~S.~Bukhari and A.~Bylinkin and R.~Capobianco and W.-C.~Chang and Y.~Cheon and K.~Chen and K.-F.~Chen and K.-Y.~Cheng and M.~Chiu and T.~Chujo and Z.~Citron and E.~Cline and E.~Cohen and T.~Cormier and Y.~Corrales Morales and C.~Cotton and J.~Crafts and C.~Crawford and S.~Creekmore and C.Cuevas and J.~Cunningham and G.~David and C.~T.~Dean and M.~Demarteau and S.~Diehl and N.~Doshita and R.~Dupré and J.~M.~Durham and R.~Dzhygadlo and R.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and A.~Emmert and R.~Ent and C.~Fanelli and R.~Fatemi and S.~Fegan and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and J.~Frantz and M.~Friedman and I.~Friscic and D.~Gangadharan and S.~Gardner and K.~Gates and F.~Geurts and R.~Gilman and D.~Glazier and E.~Glimos and Y.~Goto and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~Guo and S.~K.~Ha and J.~Haggerty and T.~Hayward and X.~He and O.~Hen and D.~W.~Higinbotham and M.~Hoballah and T.~Horn and A.~Hoghmrtsyan and P.-h.~J.~Hsu and J.~Huang and G.~Huber and A.~Hutson and K.~Y.~Hwang and C.~E.~Hyde and M.~Inaba and T.~Iwata and H.S.~Jo and K.~Joo and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and K.~Kawade and S.~J.~D.~Kay and A.~Kim and B.~Kim and C.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and Y.~Kim and E.~Kistenev and V.~Klimenko and S.~H.~Ko and I.~Korover and W.~Korsch and G.~Krintiras and S.~Kuhn and C.-M.~Kuo and T.~Kutz and J.~Lajoie and D.~Lawrence and S.~Lebedev and H.~Lee and J.~S.~H.~Lee and S.~W.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and W.B.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and Y.~T.~Liang and S.~Lim and C.-H.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and K.~Liu and M.~X.~Liu and K.~Livingston and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and E.~Long and R.-S.~Lu and Z.~Lu and W.~Lynch and S.~Mantry and D.~Marchand and M.~Marcisovsky and C.~Markert and P.~Markowitz and H.~Marukyan and P.~McGaughey and M.~Mihovilovic and R.~G.~Milner and A.~Milov and Y.~Miyachi and A.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Monaghan and R.~Montgomery and D.~Morrison and A.~Movsisyan and H.~Mkrtchyan and A.~Mkrtchyan and C.~Munoz Camacho and M.~Murray and K.~Nagai and J.~Nagle and I.~Nakagawa and C.~Nattrass and D.~Nguyen and S.~Niccolai and R.~Nouicer and G.~Nukazuka and M.~Nycz and V.~A.~Okorokov and S.~Orešić and J.D.~Osborn and C.~O'Shaughnessy and S.~Paganis and Z.~Papandreou and S.~F.~Pate and M.~Patel and C.~Paus and G.~Penman and M.~G.~Perdekamp and D.~V.~Perepelitsa and H.~Periera da Costa and K.~Peters and W.~Phelps and E.~Piasetzky and C.~Pinkenburg and I.~Prochazka and T.~Protzman and M.~L.~Purschke and J.~Putschke and J.~R.~Pybus and R.~Rajput-Ghoshal and J.~Rasson and B.~Raue and K.F.~Read and K.~Røed and R.~Reed and J.~Reinhold and E.~L.~Renner and J.~Richards and C.~Riedl and T.~Rinn and J.~Roche and G.~M.~Roland and G.~Ron and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and J.~Ryu and S.~Salur and N.~Santiesteban and R.~Santos and M.~Sarsour and J.~Schambach and A.~Schmidt and N.~Schmidt and C.~Schwarz and J.~Schwiening and R.~Seidl and A.~Sickles and P.~Simmerling and S.~Sirca and D.~Sharma and Z.~Shi and T.-A.~Shibata and C.-W.~Shih and S.~Shimizu and U.~Shrestha and K.~Slifer and K.~Smith and D.~Sokhan and R.~Soltz and W.~Sondheim and J.~Song and J.~Song and I.~I.~Strakovsky and P.~Steinberg and P.~Stepanov and J.~Stevens and J.~Strube and P.~Sun and X.~Sun and K.~Suresh and V.~Tadevosyan and W.-C.~Tang and S.~Tapia Araya and S.~Tarafdar and L.~Teodorescu and D.~Thomas and A.~Timmins and L.~Tomasek and N.~Trotta and R.~Trotta and T.~S.~Tveter and E.~Umaka and A.~Usman and H.~W.~van Hecke and C.~Van Hulse and J.~Velkovska and E.~Voutier and P.K.~Wang and Q.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~Wang and D.~P.~Watts and N.~Wickramaarachchi and L.~Weinstein and M.~Williams and C.-P.~Wong and L.~Wood and M.~H.~Wood and C.~Woody and B.~Wyslouch and Z.~Xiao and Y.~Yamazaki and Y.~Yang and Z.~Ye and H.~D.~Yoo and M.~Yurov and N.~Zachariou and W.A.~Zajc and W.~Zha and J.-L.~Zhang and J.-X.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.-X.~Zhao and X.~Zheng and P.~Zhuang}, title = {{O}pen {H}eavy {F}lavor {S}tudies for the {ECCE} {D}etector at the {E}lectron {I}on {C}ollider}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2207.10632}, note = {arXiv:2207.10632v2} }
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The ECCE detector has been recommended as the selected reference detector for the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). A series of simulation studies have been carried out to validate the physics feasibility of the ECCE detector. In this paper, detailed studies of heavy flavor hadron and jet reconstruction and physics projections with the ECCE detector performance and different magnet options will be presented. The ECCE detector has enabled precise EIC heavy flavor hadron and jet measurements with a broad kinematic coverage. These proposed heavy flavor measurements will help systematically study the hadronization process in vacuum and nuclear medium especially in the underexplored kinematic region.
Design and Simulated Performance of Calorimetry Systems for the ECCE Detector at the Electron Ion Collider
F. Bock, N. Schmidt, P.K. Wang, N. Santiesteban, T. Horn, J. Huang, J. Lajoie, C. Munoz Camacho, J. K. Adkins, Y. Akiba, A. Albataineh, M. Amaryan, I. C. Arsene, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bae, X. Bai, M.D. Baker, M. Bashkanov, R. Bellwied, F. Benmokhtar, et al (268)
Jul 20 2022 physics.ins-det hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2207.09437v1

@misc{2207.09437, author = {F.~Bock and N.~Schmidt and P.K.~Wang and N.~Santiesteban and T.~Horn and J.~Huang and J.~Lajoie and C.~Munoz Camacho and J.~K.~Adkins and Y.~Akiba and A.~Albataineh and M.~Amaryan and I.~C.~Arsene and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and J.~Bae and X.~Bai and M.D.~Baker and M.~Bashkanov and R.~Bellwied and F.~Benmokhtar and V.~Berdnikov and J.~C.~Bernauer and W.~Boeglin and M.~Borysova and E.~Brash and P.~Brindza and W.~J.~Briscoe and M.~Brooks and S.~Bueltmann and M.~H.~S.~Bukhari and A.~Bylinkin and R.~Capobianco and W.-C.~Chang and Y.~Cheon and K.~Chen and K.-F.~Chen and K.-Y.~Cheng and M.~Chiu and T.~Chujo and Z.~Citron and E.~Cline and E.~Cohen and T.~Cormier and Y.~Corrales Morales and C.~Cotton and J.~Crafts and C.~Crawford and S.~Creekmore and C.Cuevas and J.~Cunningham and G.~David and C.~T.~Dean and M.~Demarteau and S.~Diehl and N.~Doshita and R.~Dupre and J.~M.~Durham and R.~Dzhygadlo and R.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and A.~Emmert and R.~Ent and C.~Fanelli and R.~Fatemi and S.~Fegan and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and J.~Frantz and M.~Friedman and I.~Friscic and D.~Gangadharan and S.~Gardner and K.~Gates and F.~Geurts and R.~Gilman and D.~Glazier and E.~Glimos and Y.~Goto and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~Guo and S.~K.~Ha and J.~Haggerty and T.~Hayward and X.~He and O.~Hen and D.~W.~Higinbotham and M.~Hoballah and A.~Hoghmrtsyan and P.-h.~J.~Hsu and G.~Huber and A.~Hutson and K.~Y.~Hwang and C.~E.~Hyde and M.~Inaba and T.~Iwata and H.S.~Jo and K.~Joo and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and K.~Kawade and S.~J.~D.~Kay and A.~Kim and B.~Kim and C.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and Y.~Kim and E.~Kistenev and V.~Klimenko and S.~H.~Ko and I.~Korover and W.~Korsch and G.~Krintiras and S.~Kuhn and C.-M.~Kuo and T.~Kutz and D.~Lawrence and S.~Lebedev and H.~Lee and J.~S.~H.~Lee and S.~W.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and W.B.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and Y.~T.~Liang and S.~Lim and C.-h.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and K.~Liu and M.~X.~Liu and K.~Livingston and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and E.~Long and R.-S.~Lu and Z.~Lu and W.~Lynch and S.~Mantry and D.~Marchand and M.~Marcisovsky and C.~Markert and P.~Markowitz and H.~Marukyan and P.~McGaughey and M.~Mihovilovic and R.~G.~Milner and A.~Milov and Y.~Miyachi and A.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Monaghan and R.~Montgomery and D.~Morrison and A.~Movsisyan and H.~Mkrtchyan and A.~Mkrtchyan and M.~Murray and K.~Nagai and J.~Nagle and I.~Nakagawa and C.~Nattrass and D.~Nguyen and S.~Niccolai and R.~Nouicer and G.~Nukazuka and M.~Nycz and V.~A.~Okorokov and S.~Oresic and J.D.~Osborn and C.~O Shaughnessy and S.~Paganis and Z.~Papandreou and S.~F.~Pate and M.~Patel and C.~Paus and G.~Penman and M.~G.~Perdekamp and D.~V.~Perepelitsa and H.~Periera da Costa and K.~Peters and W.~Phelps and E.~Piasetzky and C.~Pinkenburg and I.~Prochazka and T.~Protzman and M.~L.~Purschke and J.~Putschke and J.~R.~Pybus and R.~Rajput-Ghoshal and J.~Rasson and B.~Raue and K.F.~Read and K.~Røed and R.~Reed and J.~Reinhold and E.~L.~Renner and J.~Richards and C.~Riedl and T.~Rinn and J.~Roche and G.~M.~Roland and G.~Ron and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and J.~Ryu and S.~Salur and R.~Santos and M.~Sarsour and J.~Schambach and A.~Schmidt and C.~Schwarz and J.~Schwiening and R.~Seidl and A.~Sickles and P.~Simmerling and S.~Sirca and D.~Sharma and Z.~Shi and T.-A.~Shibata and C.-W.~Shih and S.~Shimizu and U.~Shrestha and K.~Slifer and K.~Smith and D.~Sokhan and R.~Soltz and W.~Sondheim and J.~Song and J.~Song and I.~I.~Strakovsky and P.~Steinberg and P.~Stepanov and J.~Stevens and J.~Strube and P.~Sun and X.~Sun and K.~Suresh and V.~Tadevosyan and W.-C.~Tang and S.~Tapia Araya and S.~Tarafdar and L.~Teodorescu and D.~Thomas and A.~Timmins and L.~Tomasek and N.~Trotta and R.~Trotta and T.~S.~Tveter and E.~Umaka and A.~Usman and H.~W.~van Hecke and C.~Van Hulse and J.~Velkovska and E.~Voutier and P.K.~Wang and Q.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~Wang and D.~P.~Watts and N.~Wickramaarachchi and L.~Weinstein and M.~Williams and C.-P.~Wong and L.~Wood and M.~H.~Wood and C.~Woody and B.~Wyslouch and Z.~Xiao and Y.~Yamazaki and Y.~Yang and Z.~Ye and H.~D.~Yoo and M.~Yurov and N.~Zachariou and W.A.~Zajc and W.~Zha and J.-L.~Zhang and J.-X.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.-X.~Zhao and X.~Zheng and P.~Zhuang}, title = {{D}esign and {S}imulated {P}erformance of {C}alorimetry {S}ystems for the {ECCE} {D}etector at the {E}lectron {I}on {C}ollider}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2207.09437}, note = {arXiv:2207.09437v1} }
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We describe the design and performance the calorimeter systems used in the ECCE detector design to achieve the overall performance specifications cost-effectively with careful consideration of appropriate technical and schedule risks. The calorimeter systems consist of three electromagnetic calorimeters, covering the combined pseudorapdity range from -3.7 to 3.8 and two hadronic calorimeters. Key calorimeter performances which include energy and position resolutions, reconstruction efficiency, and particle identification will be presented.
AI-assisted Optimization of the ECCE Tracking System at the Electron Ion Collider
C. Fanelli, Z. Papandreou, K. Suresh, J. K. Adkins, Y. Akiba, A. Albataineh, M. Amaryan, I. C. Arsene, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bae, X. Bai, M.D. Baker, M. Bashkanov, R. Bellwied, F. Benmokhtar, V. Berdnikov, J. C. Bernauer, F. Bock, W. Boeglin, M. Borysova, et al (263)
May 20 2022 physics.ins-det cs.LG hep-ex nucl-ex physics.comp-ph arXiv:2205.09185v2

@misc{2205.09185, author = {C.~Fanelli and Z.~Papandreou and K.~Suresh and J.~K.~Adkins and Y.~Akiba and A.~Albataineh and M.~Amaryan and I.~C.~Arsene and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and J.~Bae and X.~Bai and M.D.~Baker and M.~Bashkanov and R.~Bellwied and F.~Benmokhtar and V.~Berdnikov and J.~C.~Bernauer and F.~Bock and W.~Boeglin and M.~Borysova and E.~Brash and P.~Brindza and W.~J.~Briscoe and M.~Brooks and S.~Bueltmann and M.~H.~S.~Bukhari and A.~Bylinkin and R.~Capobianco and W.-C.~Chang and Y.~Cheon and K.~Chen and K.-F.~Chen and K.-Y.~Cheng and M.~Chiu and T.~Chujo and Z.~Citron and E.~Cline and E.~Cohen and T.~Cormier and Y.~Corrales Morales and C.~Cotton and J.~Crafts and C.~Crawford and S.~Creekmore and C.Cuevas and J.~Cunningham and G.~David and C.~T.~Dean and M.~Demarteau and S.~Diehl and N.~Doshita and R.~Dupre and J.~M.~Durham and R.~Dzhygadlo and R.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and A.~Emmert and R.~Ent and R.~Fatemi and S.~Fegan and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and J.~Frantz and M.~Friedman and I.~Friscic and D.~Gangadharan and S.~Gardner and K.~Gates and F.~Geurts and R.~Gilman and D.~Glazier and E.~Glimos and Y.~Goto and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~Guo and S.~K.~Ha and J.~Haggerty and T.~Hayward and X.~He and O.~Hen and D.~W.~Higinbotham and M.~Hoballah and T.~Horn and A.~Hoghmrtsyan and P.-h.~J.~Hsu and J.~Huang and G.~Huber and A.~Hutson and K.~Y.~Hwang and C.~Hyde and M.~Inaba and T.~Iwata and H.S.~Jo and K.~Joo and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and K.~Kawade and S.~J.~D.~Kay and A.~Kim and B.~Kim and C.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and Y.~Kim and E.~Kistenev and V.~Klimenko and S.~H.~Ko and I.~Korover and W.~Korsch and G.~Krintiras and S.~Kuhn and C.-M.~Kuo and T.~Kutz and J.~Lajoie and D.~Lawrence and S.~Lebedev and H.~Lee and J.~S.~H.~Lee and S.~W.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and W.B.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and Y.~T.~Liang and S.~Lim and C.-h.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and K.~Liu and M.~X.~Liu and K.~Livingston and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and E.~Long and R.-S.~Lu and Z.~Lu and W.~Lynch and D.~Marchand and M.~Marcisovsky and P.~Markowitz and H.~Marukyan and P.~McGaughey and M.~Mihovilovic and R.~G.~Milner and A.~Milov and Y.~Miyachi and A.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Monaghan and R.~Montgomery and D.~Morrison and A.~Movsisyan and H.~Mkrtchyan and A.~Mkrtchyan and C.~Munoz Camacho and M.~Murray and K.~Nagai and J.~Nagle and I.~Nakagawa and C.~Nattrass and D.~Nguyen and S.~Niccolai and R.~Nouicer and G.~Nukazuka and M.~Nycz and V.~A.~Okorokov and S.~Oresic and J.D.~Osborn and C.~O'Shaughnessy and S.~Paganis and S.~F.~Pate and M.~Patel and C.~Paus and G.~Penman and M.~G.~Perdekamp and D.~V.~Perepelitsa and H.~Periera da Costa and K.~Peters and W.~Phelps and E.~Piasetzky and C.~Pinkenburg and I.~Prochazka and T.~Protzman and M.~L.~Purschke and J.~Putschke and J.~R.~Pybus and R.~Rajput-Ghoshal and J.~Rasson and B.~Raue and K.F.~Read and K.~Roed and R.~Reed and J.~Reinhold and E.~L.~Renner and J.~Richards and C.~Riedl and T.~Rinn and J.~Roche and G.~M.~Roland and G.~Ron and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and J.~Ryu and S.~Salur and N.~Santiesteban and R.~Santos and M.~Sarsour and J.~Schambach and A.~Schmidt and N.~Schmidt and C.~Schwarz and J.~Schwiening and R.~Seidl and A.~Sickles and P.~Simmerling and S.~Sirca and D.~Sharma and Z.~Shi and T.-A.~Shibata and C.-W.~Shih and S.~Shimizu and U.~Shrestha and K.~Slifer and K.~Smith and D.~Sokhan and R.~Soltz and W.~Sondheim and J.~Song and J.~Song and I.~I.~Strakovsky and P.~Steinberg and P.~Stepanov and J.~Stevens and J.~Strube and P.~Sun and X.~Sun and V.~Tadevosyan and W.-C.~Tang and S.~Tapia Araya and S.~Tarafdar and L.~Teodorescu and A.~Timmins and L.~Tomasek and N.~Trotta and R.~Trotta and T.~S.~Tveter and E.~Umaka and A.~Usman and H.~W.~van Hecke and C.~Van Hulse and J.~Velkovska and E.~Voutier and P.K.~Wang and Q.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~Wang and D.~P.~Watts and N.~Wickramaarachchi and L.~Weinstein and M.~Williams and C.-P.~Wong and L.~Wood and M.~H.~Wood and C.~Woody and B.~Wyslouch and Z.~Xiao and Y.~Yamazaki and Y.~Yang and Z.~Ye and H.~D.~Yoo and M.~Yurov and N.~Zachariou and W.A.~Zajc and W.~Zha and J.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.~X.~Zhao and X.~Zheng and P.~Zhuang}, title = {{AI}-assisted {O}ptimization of the {ECCE} {T}racking {S}ystem at the {E}lectron {I}on {C}ollider}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2205.09185}, note = {arXiv:2205.09185v2} }
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The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a cutting-edge accelerator facility that will study the nature of the "glue" that binds the building blocks of the visible matter in the universe. The proposed experiment will be realized at Brookhaven National Laboratory in approximately 10 years from now, with detector design and R&D currently ongoing. Notably, EIC is one of the first large-scale facilities to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) already starting from the design and R&D phases. The EIC Comprehensive Chromodynamics Experiment (ECCE) is a consortium that proposed a detector design based on a 1.5T solenoid. The EIC detector proposal review concluded that the ECCE design will serve as the reference design for an EIC detector. Herein we describe a comprehensive optimization of the ECCE tracker using AI. The work required a complex parametrization of the simulated detector system. Our approach dealt with an optimization problem in a multidimensional design space driven by multiple objectives that encode the detector performance, while satisfying several mechanical constraints. We describe our strategy and show results obtained for the ECCE tracking system. The AI-assisted design is agnostic to the simulation framework and can be extended to other sub-detectors or to a system of sub-detectors to further optimize the performance of the EIC detector.
Scientific Computing Plan for the ECCE Detector at the Electron Ion Collider
J. C. Bernauer, C. T. Dean, C. Fanelli, J. Huang, K. Kauder, D. Lawrence, J.D. Osborn, C. Paus, J. K. Adkins, Y. Akiba, A. Albataineh, M. Amaryan, I. C. Arsene, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bae, X. Bai, M.D. Baker, M. Bashkanov, R. Bellwied, F. Benmokhtar, et al (261)
May 19 2022 physics.ins-det hep-ex nucl-ex physics.comp-ph arXiv:2205.08607v1

@misc{2205.08607, author = {J.~C.~Bernauer and C.~T.~Dean and C.~Fanelli and J.~Huang and K.~Kauder and D.~Lawrence and J.D.~Osborn and C.~Paus and J.~K.~Adkins and Y.~Akiba and A.~Albataineh and M.~Amaryan and I.~C.~Arsene and C.~Ayerbe Gayoso and J.~Bae and X.~Bai and M.D.~Baker and M.~Bashkanov and R.~Bellwied and F.~Benmokhtar and V.~Berdnikov and F.~Bock and W.~Boeglin and M.~Borysova and E.~Brash and P.~Brindza and W.~J.~Briscoe and M.~Brooks and S.~Bueltmann and M.~H.~S.~Bukhari and A.~Bylinkin and R.~Capobianco and W.-C.~Chang and Y.~Cheon and K.~Chen and K.-F.~Chen and K.-Y.~Cheng and M.~Chiu and T.~Chujo and Z.~Citron and E.~Cline and E.~Cohen and T.~Cormier and Y.~Corrales Morales and C.~Cotton and J.~Crafts and C.~Crawford and S.~Creekmore and C.Cuevas and J.~Cunningham and G.~David and M.~Demarteau and S.~Diehl and N.~Doshita and R.~Dupré and J.~M.~Durham and R.~Dzhygadlo and R.~Ehlers and L.~El Fassi and A.~Emmert and R.~Ent and R.~Fatemi and S.~Fegan and M.~Finger and M.~Finger Jr.~and J.~Frantz and M.~Friedman and I.~Friscic and D.~Gangadharan and S.~Gardner and K.~Gates and F.~Geurts and R.~Gilman and D.~Glazier and E.~Glimos and Y.~Goto and N.~Grau and S.~V.~Greene and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~Guo and S.~K.~Ha and J.~Haggerty and T.~Hayward and X.~He and O.~Hen and D.~W.~Higinbotham and M.~Hoballah and T.~Horn and A.~Hoghmrtsyan and P.-h.~J.~Hsu and G.~Huber and A.~Hutson and K.~Y.~Hwang and C.~Hyde and M.~Inaba and T.~Iwata and H.S.~Jo and K.~Joo and N.~Kalantarians and G.~Kalicy and K.~Kawade and S.~J.~D.~Kay and A.~Kim and B.~Kim and C.~Kim and M.~Kim and Y.~Kim and Y.~Kim and E.~Kistenev and V.~Klimenko and S.~H.~Ko and I.~Korover and W.~Korsch and G.~Krintiras and S.~Kuhn and C.-M.~Kuo and T.~Kutz and J.~Lajoie and S.~Lebedev and H.~Lee and J.~S.~H.~Lee and S.~W.~Lee and Y.-J.~Lee and W.~Li and W.~Li and X.~Li and X.~Li and Y.~T.~Liang and S.~Lim and C.-h.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and K.~Liu and M.~X.~Liu and K.~Livingston and N.~Liyanage and W.J.~Llope and C.~Loizides and E.~Long and R.-S.~Lu and Z.~Lu and W.~Lynch and D.~Marchand and M.~Marcisovsky and P.~Markowitz and H.~Marukyan and P.~McGaughey and M.~Mihovilovic and R.~G.~Milner and A.~Milov and Y.~Miyachi and A.~Mkrtchyan and P.~Monaghan and R.~Montgomery and D.~Morrison and A.~Movsisyan and H.~Mkrtchyan and A.~Mkrtchyan and C.~Munoz Camacho and M.~Murray and K.~Nagai and J.~Nagle and I.~Nakagawa and C.~Nattrass and D.~Nguyen and S.~Niccolai and R.~Nouicer and G.~Nukazuka and M.~Nycz and V.~A.~Okorokov and S.~Orešić and C.~O'Shaughnessy and S.~Paganis and Z Papandreou and S.~F.~Pate and M.~Patel and G.~Penman and M.~G.~Perdekamp and D.~V.~Perepelitsa and H.~Periera da Costa and K.~Peters and W.~Phelps and E.~Piasetzky and C.~Pinkenburg and I.~Prochazka and T.~Protzman and M.~L.~Purschke and J.~Putschke and J.~R.~Pybus and R.~Rajput-Ghoshal and J.~Rasson and B.~Raue and K.~Read and K.~Røed and R.~Reed and J.~Reinhold and E.~L.~Renner and J.~Richards and C.~Riedl and T.~Rinn and J.~Roche and G.~M.~Roland and G.~Ron and M.~Rosati and C.~Royon and J.~Ryu and S.~Salur and N.~Santiesteban and R.~Santos and M.~Sarsour and J.~Schambach and A.~Schmidt and N.~Schmidt and C.~Schwarz and J.~Schwiening and R.~Seidl and A.~Sickles and P.~Simmerling and S.~Sirca and D.~Sharma and Z.~Shi and T.-A.~Shibata and C.-W.~Shih and S.~Shimizu and U.~Shrestha and K.~Slifer and K.~Smith and D.~Sokhan and R.~Soltz and W.~Sondheim and J.~Song and J.~Song and I.~I.~Strakovsky and P.~Steinberg and P.~Stepanov and J.~Stevens and J.~Strube and P.~Sun and X.~Sun and K.~Suresh and V.~Tadevosyan and W.-C.~Tang and S.~Tapia Araya and S.~Tarafdar and L.~Teodorescu and A.~Timmins and L.~Tomasek and N.~Trotta and R.~Trotta and T.~S.~Tveter and E.~Umaka and A.~Usman and H.~W.~van Hecke and C.~Van Hulse and J.~Velkovska and E.~Voutier and P.K.~Wang and Q.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~Wang and D.~P.~Watts and N.~Wickramaarachchi and L.~Weinstein and M.~Williams and C.-P.~Wong and L.~Wood and M.~H.~Wood and C.~Woody and B.~Wyslouch and Z.~Xiao and Y.~Yamazaki and Y.~Yang and Z.~Ye and H.~D.~Yoo and M.~Yurov and N.~Zachariou and W.A.~Zajc and J.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.~X.~Zhao and X.~Zheng and P.~Zhuang}, title = {{S}cientific {C}omputing {P}lan for the {ECCE} {D}etector at the {E}lectron {I}on {C}ollider}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2205.08607}, note = {arXiv:2205.08607v1} }
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The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is the next generation of precision QCD facility to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory in conjunction with Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory. There are a significant number of software and computing challenges that need to be overcome at the EIC. During the EIC detector proposal development period, the ECCE consortium began identifying and addressing these challenges in the process of producing a complete detector proposal based upon detailed detector and physics simulations. In this document, the software and computing efforts to produce this proposal are discussed; furthermore, the computing and software model and resources required for the future of ECCE are described.
Apparent strangeness enhancement from multiplicity selection in high energy proton-proton collisions
Constantin Loizides, Andreas Morsch
Sep 14 2021 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2109.05181v1

@misc{2109.05181, author = {Constantin Loizides and Andreas Morsch}, title = {{A}pparent strangeness enhancement from multiplicity selection in high energy proton-proton collisions}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2109.05181}, note = {arXiv:2109.05181v1} }
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The increase of strange-particle yields relative to pions versus charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC is usually described by microscopic or hydrodynamical models as a result of the increasing density of produced partons or strings and their interactions. Instead, we consider the multiple partonic interaction (MPI) picture originally developed in the context of the PYTHIA event generator. We find that strangeness enhancement in PYTHIA is hidden by a large excess of low-$p_{\rm T}$ multi-strange baryons, which mainly results from the hadronization of $u$-quark, $d$-quark and gluon ($udg$) strings. Strange baryons produced in strings formed from parton showers initiated by strange quarks ($s$-fragmentation), however, describe well the spectral shapes of $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ baryons and their multiplicity dependence. Since the total particle yield contains contributions from soft and hard particle production, which cannot be experimentally separated, we argue that the correct description of the $p_{\rm T}$-spectra is a minimum requirement for meaningful comparisons of multiplicity dependent yield measurements to MPI based calculations. We demonstrate that the $s$-fragmentation component describes the increase of average $p_{\rm T}$ and yields with multiplicity seen in the data, including the approximate multiplicity scaling for different collision energies. When restricted to processes that reproduce the measured $p_{\rm T}$-spectra, the MPI framework exhibits a smooth evolution from strictly proportional multiplicity scaling ($K_{\rm S}^0$, $\Lambda$, where the $udg$-hadronization component dominates) to linearity ($s$-fragmentation) and on to increasingly non-linear behavior ($c$-, $b$-quark and high-$p_{\rm T}$ jet fragmentation), hence providing a unified approach for particle production in pp collisions.
Centrality dependence of electroweak boson production in PbPb collisions at the LHC
Florian Jonas, Constantin Loizides
May 03 2021 nucl-ex hep-ph nucl-th arXiv:2104.14903v1

@misc{2104.14903, author = {Florian Jonas and Constantin Loizides}, title = {{C}entrality dependence of electroweak boson production in {P}b{P}b collisions at the {LHC}}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2104.14903}, note = {arXiv:2104.14903v1} }
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Recent data on the nuclear modification of W and Z boson production measured by the ATLAS collaboration in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm nn}}=5.02$ TeV show an enhancement in peripheral collisions, seemingly contradicting predictions of the Glauber model. The data were previously explained by arguing that the nucleon-nucleon cross section may be shadowed in nucleus-nucleus collisions, and hence suppressed compared to the proton-proton cross section at the same collision energy. This interpretation has quite significant consequences for the understanding of heavy-ion data, in particular in the context of the Glauber model. Instead, we provide an alternative explanation of the data by assuming that there is a mild bias present in the centrality determination of the measurement; on the size of the related systematic uncertainty. Using this assumption, we show that the data is in agreement with theoretical calculations using nuclear parton distribution functions. Finally, we speculate that the centrality dependence of the W$^-$/W$^{+}$ ratio may point to the relevance of a larger skin thickness of the Pb nucleus, which, if present, would result in a few percent larger PbPb cross section than currently accounted for in the Glauber model and may hence be the root of the centrality bias.
Progress in the Glauber model at collider energies
David d'Enterria, Constantin Loizides
Dec 01 2020 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:2011.14909v2

@misc{2011.14909, author = {David d'Enterria and Constantin Loizides}, title = {{P}rogress in the {G}lauber model at collider energies}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2011.14909}, note = {arXiv:2011.14909v2} }
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We review the theoretical and experimental progress in the Glauber model of multiple nucleon and/or parton scatterings, after the last 10--15 years of operation with proton and nuclear beams at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and with various light and heavy colliding ions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The main developments and the state-of-the-art of the field are summarized. These encompass measurements of the inclusive inelastic proton and nuclear cross sections, advances in the description of the proton and nuclear density profiles and their fluctuations, inclusion of subnucleonic degrees of freedom, experimental procedures and issues related to the determination of the collision centrality, validation of the binary scaling prescription for hard scattering cross sections, and constraints on transport properties of quark-gluon matter from varying initial-state conditions in relativistic hydrodynamics calculations. These advances confirm the validity and usefulness of the Glauber formalism for quantitative studies of QCD matter produced in high-energy collisions of systems, from protons to uranium nuclei, of vastly different size.
New opportunities at the photon energy frontier
Jaroslav Adam, Christine Aidala, Aaron Angerami, Benjamin Audurier, Carlos Bertulani, Christian Bierlich, Boris Blok, James Daniel Brandenburg, Stanley Brodsky, Aleksandr Bylinkin, Veronica Canoa Roman, Francesco Giovanni Celiberto, Jan Cepila, Grigorios Chachamis, Brian Cole, Guillermo Contreras, David d'Enterria, Adrian Dumitru, Arturo Fernández Téllez, Leonid Frankfurt, et al (55)
Sep 09 2020 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2009.03838v1

@misc{2009.03838, author = {Jaroslav Adam and Christine Aidala and Aaron Angerami and Benjamin Audurier and Carlos Bertulani and Christian Bierlich and Boris Blok and James Daniel Brandenburg and Stanley Brodsky and Aleksandr Bylinkin and Veronica Canoa Roman and Francesco Giovanni Celiberto and Jan Cepila and Grigorios Chachamis and Brian Cole and Guillermo Contreras and David d'Enterria and Adrian Dumitru and Arturo Fernández Téllez and Leonid Frankfurt and Maria Beatriz Gay Ducati and Frank Geurts and Gustavo Gil da Silveira and Francesco Giuli and Victor P.~Goncalves and Iwona Grabowska-Bold and Vadim Guzey and Lucian Harland-Lang and Martin Hentschinski and Timothy J.~Hobbs and Jamal Jalilian-Marian and Valery A.~Khoze and Yongsun Kim and Spencer R.~Klein and Simon Knapen and Mariola Kłusek-Gawenda and Michal Krelina and Evgeny Kryshen and Tuomas Lappi and Constantin Loizides and Agnieszka Luszczak and Magno Machado and Heikki Mäntysaari and Daniel Martins and Ronan McNulty and Michael Murray and Jan Nemchik and Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler and Joakim Nystrand and Alessandro Papa and Bernard Pire and Mateusz Ploskon and Marius Przybycien and John P.~Ralston and Patricia Rebello Teles and Christophe Royon and Björn Schenke and William Schmidke and Janet Seger and Anna Stasto and Peter Steinberg and Mark Strikman and Antoni Szczurek and Lech Szymanowski and Daniel Tapia Takaki and Ralf Ulrich and Orlando Villalobos Baillie and Ramona Vogt and Samuel Wallon and Michael Winn and Keping Xie and Zhangbu Xu and Shuai Yang and Mikhail Zhalov and Jian Zhou}, title = {{N}ew opportunities at the photon energy frontier}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2009.03838}, note = {arXiv:2009.03838v1} }
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Ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs) involving heavy ions and protons are the energy frontier for photon-mediated interactions. UPC photons can be used for many purposes, including probing low-$x$ gluons via photoproduction of dijets and vector mesons, probes of beyond-standard-model processes, such as those enabled by light-by-light scattering, and studies of two-photon production of the Higgs.
"QM19 summary talk": Outlook and future of heavy-ion collisions
Constantin Loizides
Jul 03 2020 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:2007.00710v1

@misc{2007.00710, author = {Constantin Loizides}, title = {"{QM}19 summary talk": {O}utlook and future of heavy-ion collisions}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2007.00710}, note = {arXiv:2007.00710v1} }
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A summary of the QM19 conference is given by highlighting a few selected results. These are discussed as examples to illustrate the exciting future of heavy-ion collisions and the need for further instrumentation. (The arXiv version is significantly longer than the printed proceedings, with more figures.)
Exploring New Small System Geometries in Heavy Ion Collisions
S.H. Lim, J. Carlson, C. Loizides, D. Lonardoni, J.E. Lynn, J.L. Nagle, J.D. Orjuela Koop, J. Ouellette
Dec 20 2018 nucl-th nucl-ex arXiv:1812.08096v2

@misc{1812.08096, author = {S.H.~Lim and J.~Carlson and C.~Loizides and D.~Lonardoni and J.E.~Lynn and J.L.~Nagle and J.D.~Orjuela Koop and J.~Ouellette}, title = {{E}xploring {N}ew {S}mall {S}ystem {G}eometries in {H}eavy {I}on {C}ollisions}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1812.08096}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.99.044904}, note = {arXiv:1812.08096v2} }
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Relativistic heavy ion collisions produce nuclei-sized droplets of quark-gluon plasma whose expansion is well described by viscous hydrodynamic calculations. Over the past half decade, this formalism was also found to apply to smaller droplets closer to the size of individual nucleons, as produced in $p$$+$$p$ and $p$$+$$A$ collisions. The hydrodynamic paradigm was further tested with a variety of collision species, including $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au producing droplets with different geometries. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the importance of pre-hydrodynamic evolution and the exact medium properties during the hydrodynamic evolution phase, as well as the applicability of alternative theories that argue the agreement with hydrodynamics is accidental. In this work we explore options for new collision geometries including $p$$+$O and O$+$O proposed for running at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as, $^{4}$He$+$Au, C$+$Au, O$+$Au, and $^{7,9}$Be$+$Au at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
Future physics opportunities for high-density QCD at the LHC with heavy-ion and proton beams
Z. Citron, A. Dainese, J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, J.M. Jowett, Y.-J. Lee, U.A. Wiedemann, M. Winn, A. Andronic, F. Bellini, E. Bruna, E. Chapon, H. Dembinski, D. d'Enterria, I. Grabowska-Bold, G.M. Innocenti, C. Loizides, S. Mohapatra, C.A. Salgado, M. Verweij, M. Weber, et al (165)
Dec 18 2018 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1812.06772v2

@misc{1812.06772, author = {Z.~Citron and A.~Dainese and J.F.~Grosse-Oetringhaus and J.M.~Jowett and Y.-J.~Lee and U.A.~Wiedemann and M.~Winn and A.~Andronic and F.~Bellini and E.~Bruna and E.~Chapon and H.~Dembinski and D.~d'Enterria and I.~Grabowska-Bold and G.M.~Innocenti and C.~Loizides and S.~Mohapatra and C.A.~Salgado and M.~Verweij and M.~Weber and J.~Aichelin and A.~Angerami and L.~Apolinario and F.~Arleo and N.~Armesto and R.~Arnaldi and M.~Arslandok and P.~Azzi and R.~Bailhache and S.A.~Bass and C.~Bedda and N.K.~Behera and R.~Bellwied and A.~Beraudo and R.~Bi and C.~Bierlich and K.~Blum and A.~Borissov and P.~Braun-Munzinger and R.~Bruce and G.E.~Bruno and S.~Bufalino and J.~Castillo Castellanos and R.~Chatterjee and Y.~Chen and Z.~Chen and C.~Cheshkov and T.~Chujo and Z.~Conesa del Valle and J.G.~Contreras Nuno and L.~Cunqueiro Mendez and T.~Dahms and N.P.~Dang and H.~De la Torre and A.F.~Dobrin and B.~Doenigus and L.~Van Doremalen and X.~Du and A.~Dubla and M.~Dumancic and M.~Dyndal and L.~Fabbietti and E.G.~Ferreiro and F.~Fionda and F.~Fleuret and S.~Floerchinger and G.~Giacalone and A.~Giammanco and P.B.~Gossiaux and G.~Graziani and V.~Greco and A.~Grelli and F.~Grosa and M.~Guilbaud and T.~Gunji and V.~Guzey and C.~Hadjidakis and S.~Hassani and M.~He and I.~Helenius and P.~Huo and P.M.~Jacobs and P.~Janus and M.A.~Jebramcik and J.~Jia and A.P.~Kalweit and H.~Kim and M.~Klasen and S.R.~Klein and M.~Klusek-Gawenda and M.~Konyushikhin and J.~Kremer and G.K.~Krintiras and F.~Krizek and E.~Kryshen and A.~Kurkela and A.~Kusina and J.-P.~Lansberg and R.~Lea and M.~van Leeuwen and W.~Li and J.~Margutti and A.~Marin and C.~Marquet and J.~Martin Blanco and L.~Massacrier and A.~Mastroserio and E.~Maurice and C.~Mayer and C.~Mcginn and G.~Milhano and A.~Milov and V.~Minissale and C.~Mironov and A.~Mischke and N.~Mohammadi and M.~Mulders and M.~Murray and M.~Narain and P.~Di Nezza and A.~Nisati and J.~Noronha-Hostler and A.~Ohlson and V.~Okorokov and F.~Olness and P.~Paakkinen and L.~Pappalardo and J.~Park and H.~Paukkunen and C.C.~Peng and H.~Pereira Da Costa and D.V.~Perepelitsa and D.~Peresunko and M.~Peters and N.E.~Pettersson and S.~Piano and T.~Pierog and J.~Pires and M.~PS.~Plumari and F.~Prino and M.~Puccio and R.~Rapp and K.~Redlich and K.~Reygers and C.L.~Ristea and P.~Robbe and A.~Rossi and A.~Rustamov and M.~Rybar and M.~Schaumann and B.~Schenke and I.~Schienbein and L.~Schoeffel and I.~Selyuzhenkov and A.M.~Sickles and M.~Sievert and P.~Silva and T.~Song and M.~Spousta and J.~Stachel and P.~Steinberg and D.~Stocco and M.~Strickland and M.~Strikman and J.~Sun and D.~Tapia Takaki and K.~Tatar and C.~Terrevoli and A.~Timmins and S.~Trogolo and B.~Trzeciak and A.~Trzupek and R.~Ulrich and A.~Uras and R.~Venugopalan and I.~Vitev and G.~Vujanovic and J.~Wang and T.W.~Wang and R.~Xiao and Y.~Xu and C.~Zampolli and H.~Zanoli and M.~Zhou and Y.~Zhou}, title = {{F}uture physics opportunities for high-density {QCD} at the {LHC} with heavy-ion and proton beams}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1812.06772}, note = {arXiv:1812.06772v2} }
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The future opportunities for high-density QCD studies with ion and proton beams at the LHC are presented. Four major scientific goals are identified: the characterisation of the macroscopic long wavelength Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties with unprecedented precision, the investigation of the microscopic parton dynamics underlying QGP properties, the development of a unified picture of particle production and QCD dynamics from small (pp) to large (nucleus--nucleus) systems, the exploration of parton densities in nuclei in a broad ($x$, $Q^2$) kinematic range and the search for the possible onset of parton saturation. In order to address these scientific goals, high-luminosity Pb-Pb and p-Pb programmes are considered as priorities for Runs 3 and 4, complemented by high-multiplicity studies in pp collisions and a short run with oxygen ions. High-luminosity runs with intermediate-mass nuclei, for example Ar or Kr, are considered as an appealing case for extending the heavy-ion programme at the LHC beyond Run 4. The potential of the High-Energy LHC to probe QCD matter with newly-available observables, at twice larger center-of-mass energies than the LHC, is investigated.
Machine Learning based jet momentum reconstruction in heavy-ion collisions
Rüdiger Haake, Constantin Loizides
Oct 16 2018 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1810.06324v2

@misc{1810.06324, author = {Rüdiger Haake and Constantin Loizides}, title = {{M}achine {L}earning based jet momentum reconstruction in heavy-ion collisions}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1810.06324}, howpublished = {Phys. Rev. C 99 (2019) 064904}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.99.064904}, note = {arXiv:1810.06324v2} }
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The precise reconstruction of jet transverse momenta in heavy-ion collisions is a challenging task. A major obstacle is the large number of (mainly) low-$p_{\rm T}$ particles overlaying the jets. Strong region-to-region fluctuations of this background complicate the jet measurement and lead to significant uncertainties. In this paper, a novel approach to correct jet momenta (or energies) for the underlying background in heavy-ion collisions is introduced. The proposed method makes use of common Machine Learning techniques to estimate the jet transverse momentum based on several parameters, including properties of the jet constituents. Using a toy model and HIJING simulations, the performance of the new method is shown to be superior to the established standard area-based background estimator. The application of the new method to data promises the measurement of jets down to extremely low transverse momenta, unprecedented thus far in data on heavy-ion collisions.
Final-state interactions of the Higgs boson in quark-gluon matter
David d'Enterria, Constantin Loizides
Sep 19 2018 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1809.06832v3

@misc{1809.06832, author = {David d'Enterria and Constantin Loizides}, title = {{F}inal-state interactions of the {H}iggs boson in quark-gluon matter}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1809.06832}, note = {arXiv:1809.06832v3} }
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In the first version of this paper \citedEnterria:2018bqi, we presented a study of the final-state interactions of the Higgs boson in the hot and dense quark-gluon systems produced in pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions at CERN LHC and FCC energies. By computing the leading-order diagrams of the Higgs-parton scattering cross sections in perturbative QCD, and by embedding the produced Higgs bosons in an expanding quark-gluon medium modeled with 2D+1 viscous hydrodynamics with various QCD equations of state, we presented estimates of the expected scalar boson yields as functions of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}^{H}$, and produced medium space-time size. A moderate suppression of the scalar boson yields was predicted due to medium-enhanced $H\to gg,q\bar{q}$ decays, in detriment of the $H\to\gamma\gamma, 4\ell$ channels that are typically used to observe the Higgs particle. After our work appeared, J. Ghiglieri and U. Wiedemann \citeGhiglieri:2019lzz have presented thermal-field-theory calculations that indicate that the $H\to gg,q\bar{q}$ partial decays widths remain basically unaffected by interactions with surrounding partons in the kinematic range of relevance of our study. Such a theoretical result, in contradiction with our estimates, has brought us to revisit our calculations and to realize of the quantitative importance of thermal virtual corrections, neglected in our first work, that are as large as the real ones and of opposite sign. Such virtual corrections significantly reduce the Higgs-parton "absorption" cross sections originally computed in Ref. \citedEnterria:2018bqi, and make the Higgs boson suppression negligible in the kinematic regime considered.
Improved Monte Carlo Glauber predictions at present and future nuclear colliders
Constantin Loizides, Jason Kamin, David d'Enterria
Oct 20 2017 nucl-ex hep-ph arXiv:1710.07098v3

@misc{1710.07098, author = {Constantin Loizides and Jason Kamin and David d'Enterria}, title = {{I}mproved {M}onte {C}arlo {G}lauber predictions at present and future nuclear colliders}, year = {2017}, eprint = {1710.07098}, howpublished = {Phys.Rev. C97 (2018) 054910; Erratum: Phys.Rev. C99 (2019) 019901}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.97.054910; 10.1103/PhysRevC.99.019901}, note = {arXiv:1710.07098v3} }
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We present the results of an improved Monte Carlo Glauber (MCG) model of relevance for collisions involving nuclei at center-of-mass energies of BNL RHIC ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=0.2$ TeV), CERN LHC ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$-$8.8$ TeV), and proposed future hadron colliders ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}\approx 10$-$63$ TeV). The inelastic pp cross sections as a function of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ are obtained from a precise data-driven parametrization that exploits the many available measurements at LHC collision energies. We describe the nuclear transverse profile with two separated 2-parameter Fermi distributions for protons and neutrons to account for their different densities close to the nuclear periphery. Furthermore, we model the nucleon degrees of freedom inside the nucleus through a lattice with a minimum nodal separation, combined with a "recentering and reweighting" procedure, that overcomes some limitations of previous MCG approaches. The nuclear overlap function, number of participant nucleons and binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, participant eccentricity and triangularity, overlap area and average path length are presented in intervals of percentile centrality for lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-lead (pPb) collisions at all collision energies. We demonstrate for collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV that the central values of the Glauber quantities change by up to 7%, in a few bins of reaction centrality, due to the improvements implemented, though typically remain within the previously assigned systematic uncertainties, while their associated uncertainties are generally smaller (mostly below 5%) at all centralities than for earlier calculations. Tables for all quantities versus centrality at present and foreseen collision energies involving Pb nuclei, as well as for collisions of XeXe at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.44$, and AuAu and CuCu at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=0.2$ TeV, are provided.
Absence of jet quenching in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions
Constantin Loizides, Andreas Morsch
May 25 2017 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1705.08856v6

@misc{1705.08856, author = {Constantin Loizides and Andreas Morsch}, title = {{A}bsence of jet quenching in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions}, year = {2017}, eprint = {1705.08856}, howpublished = {Phys.Lett. B773 (2017) 408-411}, doi = {10.1016/j.physletb.2017.09.002}, note = {arXiv:1705.08856v6} }
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Medium effects on the production of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles in nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions are generally quantified by the nuclear modification factor ($R_{\rm AA}$), defined to be unity in absence of nuclear effects. Modeling particle production including a nucleon-nucleon impact parameter dependence, we demonstrate that $R_{\rm AA}$ at midrapidity in peripheral AA collisions can be significantly affected by event selection and geometry biases. Even without jet quenching and shadowing, these biases cause an apparent suppression for $R_{\rm AA}$ in peripheral collisions, and are relevant for all types of hard probes and all collision energies. Our studies indicate that calculations of jet quenching in peripheral AA collisions should account for the biases, or else they will overestimate the relevance of parton energy loss. Similarly, expectations of parton energy loss in light-heavy collision systems based on comparison with apparent suppression seen in peripheral $R_{\rm AA}$ should be revised. Our interpretation of the peripheral $R_{\rm AA}$ data would unify observations for lighter collision systems or lower energies where significant values of elliptic flow are observed despite the absence of strong jet quenching.
Effects of Longitudinal Asymmetry in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Rashmi Raniwala, Sudhir Raniwala, Constantin Loizides
Aug 05 2016 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1608.01428v3

@misc{1608.01428, author = {Rashmi Raniwala and Sudhir Raniwala and Constantin Loizides}, title = {{E}ffects of {L}ongitudinal {A}symmetry in {H}eavy-{I}on {C}ollisions}, year = {2016}, eprint = {1608.01428}, howpublished = {Phys. Rev. C 97 (2018) 024912}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024912}, note = {arXiv:1608.01428v3} }
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In collisions of identical nuclei at a given impact parameter, the number of nucleons participating in the overlap region of each nucleus can be unequal due to nuclear density fluctuations. The asymmetry due to the unequal number of participating nucleons, referred to as longitudinal asymmetry, causes a shift in the center of mass rapidity of the participant zone. The information of the event asymmetry allows us to isolate and study the effect of longitudinal asymmetry on rapidity distribution of final state particles. In a Monte Carlo Glauber model the average rapidity-shift is found to be almost linearly related to the asymmetry. Using toy models, as well as Monte Carlo data for Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV generated with HIJING, two different versions of AMPT and DPMJET models, we demonstrate that the effect of asymmetry on final state rapidity distribution can be quantitatively related to the average rapidity shift via a third-order polynomial with a dominantly linear term. The coefficients of the polynomial are proportional to the rapidity shift with the dependence being sensitive to the details of the rapidity distribution.Experimental estimates of the spectator asymmetry through the measurement of spectator nucleons in a Zero Degree Calorimeter may hence be used to further constrain the initial conditions in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Impact of residual contamination on inclusive and direct photon flow
F. Bock, C. Loizides, T. Peitzmann, M. Sas
Jun 21 2016 nucl-ex hep-ph arXiv:1606.06077v1

@misc{1606.06077, author = {F.~Bock and C.~Loizides and T.~Peitzmann and M.~Sas}, title = {{I}mpact of residual contamination on inclusive and direct photon flow}, year = {2016}, eprint = {1606.06077}, note = {arXiv:1606.06077v1} }
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Direct photon flow is measured by subtracting the contribution of decay photon flow from the measured inclusive photon flow via the double ratio $R_{\rm \gamma}$, which defines the excess of direct over decay photons. The inclusive photon sample is affected by a modest contamination from different background sources, which is often ignored in measurements. However, due to the sensitivity of the direct photon measurement even a residual contamination may significantly bias the extracted direct photon flow. In particular, for measurements using photon conversions, which are very powerful at low transverse momentum, these effects can be substantial. Assuming three different types of correlated background contributions we demonstrate using the Therminator2 event generator that the impact of the contamination on the magnitude of direct photon flow can be on the level of $50\%$, even if the purity of the inclusive photon sample is about $97\%$. Future measurements should attempt to account for the contamination by measuring the background contributions and subtracting them from the inclusive photon flow.
Correction methods for finite-acceptance effects in two-particle correlation analyses
Saehanseul Oh, Tim Schuster, Andreas Morsch, Constantin Loizides
Apr 20 2016 nucl-th nucl-ex arXiv:1604.05332v2

@misc{1604.05332, author = {Saehanseul Oh and Tim Schuster and Andreas Morsch and Constantin Loizides}, title = {{C}orrection methods for finite-acceptance effects in two-particle correlation analyses}, year = {2016}, eprint = {1604.05332}, note = {arXiv:1604.05332v2} }
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Two-particle angular correlations have been widely used as a tool to explore particle production mechanisms in heavy-ion collisions. The mixed-event technique is generally used as a standard method to correct for finite-acceptance effects. We demonstrate that event mixing only provides an approximate acceptance correction, and propose new methods for finite-acceptance corrections. Starting from discussions about 2-dimensional correction procedures, new methods are derived for specific assumptions on the properties of the signal, such as uniform signal distribution or $\delta$-function-like trigger particle distribution, and suitable for two-particle correlation analyses from particles at mid-rapidity and jet-hadron or high $p_{\text{T}}$-triggered hadron-hadron correlations. Per-trigger associated particle yields from the mixed-event method and the new methods are compared through Monte Carlo simulations containing well-defined correlation signals. Significant differences are observed at large pseudorapidity differences in general and especially for asymmetric particle distribution like that produced in proton--nucleus collisions. The applicability and validity of the new methods are discussed in detail.
Glauber modeling of high-energy nuclear collisions at sub-nucleon level
Constantin Loizides
Mar 25 2016 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1603.07375v4

@misc{1603.07375, author = {Constantin Loizides}, title = {{G}lauber modeling of high-energy nuclear collisions at sub-nucleon level}, year = {2016}, eprint = {1603.07375}, howpublished = {Phys. Rev. C 94 (2016) 024914}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024914}, note = {arXiv:1603.07375v4} }
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Glauber models based on nucleon--nucleon interactions are commonly used to characterize the initial state in high-energy nuclear collisions, and the dependence of its properties on impact parameter or number of participating nucleons. In this paper, an extension to the Glauber model is presented, which accounts for an arbitrary number of effective sub-nucleon degrees of freedom, or active constituents, in the nucleons. Properties of the initial state, such as the number of constituent participants and collisions, as well as eccentricity and triangularity, are calculated and systematically compared for different assumptions of how to distribute the sub-nuclear degrees of freedom and for various collision systems. It is demonstrated that at high collision energy the number of produced particles scales with an average number of sub-nucleon degrees of freedom of between $3$ and $5$. The source codes for the constituent Monte Carlo Glauber extension, as well as for the calculation of the overlap area and participant density in a standard Glauber model, are made publicly available.
Experimental overview on small collision systems at the LHC
Constantin Loizides
Mar 01 2016 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1602.09138v2

@misc{1602.09138, author = {Constantin Loizides}, title = {{E}xperimental overview on small collision systems at the {LHC}}, year = {2016}, eprint = {1602.09138}, note = {arXiv:1602.09138v2} }
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These conferences proceedings summarize the experimental findings obtained in small collision systems at the LHC, as presented in the special session on "QGP in small systems?" at the Quark Matter 2015 conference. (The arXiv version is significantly longer than the printed proceedings, with more details and a short discussion.)
Participant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 19.6 and 22.4 GeV
B. Alver, B. B. Back, M. D. Baker, M. Ballintijn, D. S. Barton, R. R. Betts, A. A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, W. Busza, A. Carroll, Z. Chai, V. Chetluru, M. P. Decowski, E. Garcia, T. Gburek, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, et al (62)
Nov 26 2015 nucl-ex arXiv:1511.07921v1

@misc{1511.07921, author = {B.~Alver and B.~B.~Back and M.~D.~Baker and M.~Ballintijn and D.~S.~Barton and R.~R.~Betts and A.~A.~Bickley and R.~Bindel and A.~Budzanowski and W.~Busza and A.~Carroll and Z.~Chai and V.~Chetluru and M.~P.~Decowski and E.~Garcia and T.~Gburek and N.~George and K.~Gulbrandsen and S.~Gushue and C.~Halliwell and J.~Hamblen and I.~Harnarine and G.~A.~Heintzelman and C.~Henderson and D.~J.~Hofman and R.~S.~Hollis and R.~Holynski and B.~Holzman and A.~Iordanova and E.~Johnson and J.~L.~Kane and J.~Katzy and N.~Khan and W.~Kucewicz and P.~Kulinich and C.~M.~Kuo and W.~Li and W.~T.~Lin and C.~Loizides and S.~Manly and D.~McLeod and A.~C.~Mignerey and R.~Nouicer and A.~Olszewski and R.~Pak and I.~C.~Park and H.~Pernegger and C.~Reed and L.~P.~Remsberg and M.~Reuter and E.~Richardson and C.~Roland and G.~Roland and L.~Rosenberg and J.~Sagerer and P.~Sarin and P.~Sawicki and I.~Sedykh and W.~Skulski and C.~E.~Smith and M.~A.~Stankiewicz and P.~Steinberg and G.~S.~F.~Stephans and A.~Sukhanov and A.~Szostak and J.~L.~Tang and M.~B.~Tonjes and A.~Trzupek and C.~Vale and G.~J.~van Nieuwenhuizen and S.~S.~Vaurynovich and R.~Verdier and G.~I.~Veres and P.~Walters and E.~Wenger and D.~Willhelm and F.~L.~H.~Wolfs and B.~Wosiek and K.~Wozniak and A.~H.~Wuosmaa and S.~Wyngaardt and B.~Wyslouch}, title = {{P}articipant and spectator scaling of spectator fragments in {A}u+{A}u and {C}u+{C}u collisions at sqrt(s{NN}) = 19.6 and 22.4 {G}e{V}}, year = {2015}, eprint = {1511.07921}, note = {arXiv:1511.07921v1} }
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Spectator fragments resulting from relativistic heavy ion collisions, consisting of single protons and neutrons along with groups of stable nuclear fragments up to Nitrogen (Z=7), are measured in PHOBOS. These fragments are observed in Au+Au (sqrt(sNN)=19.6 GeV) and Cu+Cu (22.4 GeV) collisions at high pseudorapidity ($\eta$). The dominant multiply-charged fragment is the tightly bound Helium ($\alpha$), with Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron all clearly seen as a function of collision centrality and pseudorapidity. We observe that in Cu+Cu collisions, it becomes much more favorable for the $\alpha$ fragments to be released than Lithium. The yields of fragments approximately scale with the number of spectator nucleons, independent of the colliding ion. The shapes of the pseudorapidity distributions of fragments indicate that the average deflection of the fragments away from the beam direction increases for more central collisions. A detailed comparison of the shapes for $\alpha$ and Lithium fragments indicates that the centrality dependence of the deflections favors a scaling with the number of participants in the collision.
Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
C. Loizides, J. Nagle, P. Steinberg
Aug 13 2014 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:1408.2549v9

@misc{1408.2549, author = {C.~Loizides and J.~Nagle and P.~Steinberg}, title = {{I}mproved version of the {PHOBOS} {G}lauber {M}onte {C}arlo}, year = {2014}, eprint = {1408.2549}, howpublished = {SoftwareX 1-2 (2015) 13-18}, doi = {10.1016/j.softx.2015.05.001}, note = {arXiv:1408.2549v9} }
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Glauber models are used to calculate geometric quantities in the initial state of heavy ion collisions, such as impact parameter, number of participating nucleons and initial eccentricity. Experimental heavy-ion collaboration, in particular at RHIC and LHC, use Glauber Model calculations for various geometric observables. In this document, we describe the assumptions inherent to the approach, and provide an updated implementation (v2) of the Monte Carlo based Glauber Model calculation, which originally was used by the PHOBOS collaboration. The main improvement w.r.t. the earlier version (arXiv:0805.4411) are the inclusion of Tritium, Helium-3, and Uranium, as well as the treatment of deformed nuclei and Glauber-Gribov fluctuations of the proton in p+A collisions. A users' guide (updated to reflect changes in v2) is provided for running various calculations.
First results from p-Pb collisions at the LHC
Constantin Loizides
Aug 07 2013 nucl-ex hep-ex arXiv:1308.1377v2

@misc{1308.1377, author = {Constantin Loizides}, title = {{F}irst results from p-{P}b collisions at the {LHC}}, year = {2013}, eprint = {1308.1377}, note = {arXiv:1308.1377v2} }
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The first results from p-Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 5.02 TeV are discussed.
Remarks on the possible importance of jet v_3 and multiple jet production for the interpretation of recent jet quenching measurements at the LHC
Constantin Loizides, Joern Putschke
Nov 21 2011 nucl-ex arXiv:1111.4472v2

@misc{1111.4472, author = {Constantin Loizides and Joern Putschke}, title = {{R}emarks on the possible importance of jet v_3 and multiple jet production for the interpretation of recent jet quenching measurements at the {LHC}}, year = {2011}, eprint = {1111.4472}, howpublished = {Phys. Rev. C 85, 044916 (2012)}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.85.044916}, note = {arXiv:1111.4472v2} }
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Recent jet quenching measurements in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC report a significant energy imbalance of di-jets. The imbalance is found to be compensated by a large amount of soft particles produced at large angles with respect to the di-jet axis. This observation questions the conventional picture of parton energy loss models, established at RHIC, which typically expect that the radiated gluons are emitted at moderate angles close to the outgoing parton. In this letter, we qualitatively discuss two possible contributions of the underlying heavy-ion background that may have to be taken into account when interpreting the recent data. We show that a large jet v_3, potentially caused by a pathlength dependent energy loss in the presence of fluctuating initial conditions, could contribute to the observed excess of soft particles apparently originating from large angle in-medium radiation. In addition, the observed excess could also be induced by multiple jets produced in the vicinity of the leading jet, caused by a potential selection bias imposed on the di-jet momentum imbalance.
Charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(snn) = 2.76 TeV with ALICE
Constantin Loizides, for, ALICE collaboration
Jul 01 2011 nucl-ex arXiv:1106.6324v1

@misc{1106.6324, author = {Constantin Loizides and for and ALICE collaboration}, title = {{C}harged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy in {P}b-{P}b collisions at sqrt(snn) = 2.76 {T}e{V} with {ALICE}}, year = {2011}, eprint = {1106.6324}, note = {arXiv:1106.6324v1} }
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The measurements of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse energy at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV are reported as a function of centrality. The fraction of the inelastic cross section recorded by the ALICE detector is estimated using a Glauber model. The results scaled by the number of participating nucleons are compared with pp collisions at the same collision energy, to similar results obtained at significantly lower energies, and with models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions.
Phobos results on charged particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions at ultra-relativistic energies
B.Alver, B.B.Back, M.D.Baker, M.Ballintijn, D.S.Barton, R.R.Betts, A.A.Bickley, R.Bindel, A.Budzanowski, W.Busza, A.Carroll, Z.Chai, V.Chetluru, M.P.Decowski, E.Garcıa, T.Gburek, N.George, K.Gulbrandsen, S.Gushue, C.Halliwell, et al (59)
Nov 10 2010 nucl-ex arXiv:1011.1940v1

@misc{1011.1940, author = {B.Alver and B.B.Back and M.D.Baker and M.Ballintijn and D.S.Barton and R.R.Betts and A.A.Bickley and R.Bindel and A.Budzanowski and W.Busza and A.Carroll and Z.Chai and V.Chetluru and M.P.Decowski and E.Garcıa and T.Gburek and N.George and K.Gulbrandsen and S.Gushue and C.Halliwell and J.Hamblen and G.A.Heintzelman and C.Henderson and D.J.Hofman and R.S.Hollis and R.Holynski and B.Holzman and A.Iordanova and E.Johnson and J.L.Kane and J.Katzy and N.Khan and J.Kotula W.Kucewicz and P.Kulinich and C.M.Kuo and W.Li and W.T.Lin and C.Loizides and S.Manly and D.McLeod and J.Michalowski and A.C.Mignerey and R.Nouicer and A.Olszewski and R.Pak and I.C.Park and H.Pernegger and C.Reed and L.P.Remsberg and M.Reuter and C.Roland and G.Roland and L.Rosenberg and J.Sagerer and P.Sarin and P.Sawicki and I.Sedykh and W.Skulski and C.E.Smith and S.G.Steadman and P.Steinberg and G.S.F.Stephans and M.Stodulski and A.Sukhanov and M.B.Tonjes and A.Trzupek and C.Vale and G.J.van Nieuwenhuizen and S.S.Vaurynovich and R.Verdier and G.I.Veres and B.Wadsworth and P.Walters and E.Wenger and F.L.H.Wolfs and B.Wosiek and K.Wozniak and A.H.Wuosmaa and B.Wyslouch}, title = {{P}hobos results on charged particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions in {A}u+{A}u, {C}u+{C}u, d+{A}u, and p+p collisions at ultra-relativistic energies}, year = {2010}, eprint = {1011.1940}, howpublished = {Phys.Rev.C83:024913,2011}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.83.024913}, note = {arXiv:1011.1940v1} }
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Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted in $Au+Au$, $Cu+Cu$, $d+Au$, and $p+p$ collisions over a wide energy range have been measured using the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. The centrality dependence of both the charged particle distributions and the multiplicity at midrapidity were measured. Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted with $|\eta|<5.4$, which account for between 95% and 99% of the total charged-particle emission associated with collision participants, are presented for different collision centralities. Both the midrapidity density, $dN_{ch}/d\eta$, and the total charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{ch}$, are found to factorize into a product of independent functions of collision energy, $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$, and centrality given in terms of the number of nucleons participating in the collision, $N_{part}$. The total charged particle multiplicity, observed in these experiments and those at lower energies, assumes a linear dependence of $(\ln s_{_{NN}})^2$ over the full range of collision energy of $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=2.7-200 GeV.
Scaling properties in bulk and p$_{\rm T}$-dependent particle production near midrapidity in relativistic heavy ion collisions
PHOBOS Collaboration, B. Alver, B. B. Back, M. D. Baker, M. Ballintijn, D. S. Barton, R. R. Betts, R. Bindel, W. Busza, Z. Chai, V. Chetluru, E. Garcia, T. Gburek, K. Gulbrandsen, J. Hamblen, I. Harnarine, C. Henderson, D. J. Hofman, R. S. Hollis, R. Holynski, et al (39)
Aug 14 2008 nucl-ex arXiv:0808.1895v1

@misc{0808.1895, author = {PHOBOS Collaboration and B.~Alver and B.~B.~Back and M.~D.~Baker and M.~Ballintijn and D.~S.~Barton and R.~R.~Betts and R.~Bindel and W.~Busza and Z.~Chai and V.~Chetluru and E.~Garcia and T.~Gburek and K.~Gulbrandsen and J.~Hamblen and I.~Harnarine and C.~Henderson and D.~J.~Hofman and R.~S.~Hollis and R.~Holynski and B.~Holzman and A.~Iordanova and J.~L.~Kane and P.~Kulinich and C.~M.~Kuo and W.~Li and W.~T.~Lin and C.~Loizides and S.~Manly and A.~C.~Mignerey and R.~Nouicer and A.~Olszewski and R.~Pak and C.~Reed and E.~Richardson and C.~Roland and G.~Roland and J.~Sagerer and I.~Sedykh and C.~E.~Smith and M.~A.~Stankiewicz and P.~Steinberg and G.~S.~F.~Stephans and A.~Sukhanov and A.~Szostak and M.~B.~Tonjes and A.~Trzupek and G.~J.~van Nieuwenhuizen and S.~S.~Vaurynovich and R.~Verdier and G.~Veres and P.~Walters and E.~Wenger and D.~Willhelm and F.L.H.~Wolfs and B.~Wosiek and K.~Wozniak and S.~Wyngaardt and B.~Wyslouch}, title = {{S}caling properties in bulk and p$_{\rm {T}}$-dependent particle production near midrapidity in relativistic heavy ion collisions}, year = {2008}, eprint = {0808.1895}, howpublished = {Phys.Rev.C80:011901,2009}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.80.011901}, note = {arXiv:0808.1895v1} }
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The centrality dependence of the midrapidity charged-particle multiplicity density ($|\eta|$$<$1) is presented for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at RHIC over a broad range of collision energies. The multiplicity measured in the Cu+Cu system is found to be similar to that measured in the Au+Au system, for an equivalent N$_{\rm part}$, with the observed factorization in energy and centrality still persistent in the smaller Cu+Cu system. The extent of the similarities observed for bulk particle production is tested by a comparative analysis of the inclusive transverse momentum distributions for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions near midrapidity. It is found that, within the uncertainties of the data, the ratio of yields between the various energies for both Au+Au and Cu+Cu systems are similar and constant with centrality, both in the bulk yields as well as a function of p$_{\rm T}$, up to at least 4 GeV/$c$. The effects of multiple nucleon collisions that strongly increase with centrality and energy appear to only play a minor role in bulk and intermediate transverse momentum particle production.
System size, energy, centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of charged-particle density in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at RHIC
PHOBOS Collaboration, G. I. Veres, B. Alver, B. B. Back, M. D. Baker, M. Ballintijn, D. S. Barton, R. R. Betts, A. A. Bickley, R. Bindel, W. Busza, A. Carroll, Z. Chai, V. Chetluru, M. P. Decowski, E. García, T. Gburek, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, C. Halliwell, et al (49)
Jun 18 2008 nucl-ex arXiv:0806.2803v1

@misc{0806.2803, author = {PHOBOS Collaboration and G.~I.~Veres and B.~Alver and B.~B.~Back and M.~D.~Baker and M.~Ballintijn and D.~S.~Barton and R.~R.~Betts and A.~A.~Bickley and R.~Bindel and W.~Busza and A.~Carroll and Z.~Chai and V.~Chetluru and M.~P.~Decowski and E.~García and T.~Gburek and N.~George and K.~Gulbrandsen and C.~Halliwell and J.~Hamblen and I.~Harnarine and M.~Hauer and C.~Henderson and D.~J.~Hofman and R.~S.~Hollis and R.~Hołyński and B.~Holzman and A.~Iordanova and E.~Johnson and J.~L.~Kane and N.~Khan and P.~Kulinich and C.~M.~Kuo and W.~Li and W.~T.~Lin and C.~Loizides and S.~Manly and A.~C.~Mignerey and R.~Nouicer and A.~Olszewski and R.~Pak and C.~Reed and E.~Richardson and C.~Roland and G.~Roland and J.~Sagerer and H.~Seals and I.~Sedykh and C.~E.~Smith and M.~A.~Stankiewicz and P.~Steinberg and G.~S.~F.~Stephans and A.~Sukhanov and A.~Szostak and M.~B.~Tonjes and A.~Trzupek and C.~Vale and G.~J.~van Nieuwenhuizen and S.~S.~Vaurynovich and R.~Verdier and P.~Walters and E.~Wenger and D.~Willhelm and F.~L.~H.~Wolfs and B.~Wosiek and K.~Woźniak and S.~Wyngaardt and B.~Wysłouch}, title = {{S}ystem size, energy, centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of charged-particle density in {A}u+{A}u and {C}u+{C}u collisions at {RHIC}}, year = {2008}, eprint = {0806.2803}, howpublished = {Indian J.Phys.85:1015-1019,2011}, doi = {10.1007/s12648-011-0135-2}, note = {arXiv:0806.2803v1} }
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Charged particle pseudorapidity distributions are presented from the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC, measured in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrts_NN=19.6, 22.4, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV, as a function of collision centrality. The presentation includes the recently analyzed Cu+Cu data at 22.4 GeV. The measurements were made by the same detector setup over a broad range in pseudorapidity, |eta|<5.4, allowing for a reliable systematic study of particle production as a function of energy, centrality and system size. Comparing Cu+Cu and Au+Au results, we find that the total number of produced charged particles and the overall shape (height and width) of the pseudorapidity distributions are determined by the number of nucleon participants, N_part. Detailed comparisons reveal that the matching of the shape of the Cu+Cu and Au+Au pseudorapidity distributions over the full range of eta is better for the same N_part/2A value than for the same N_part value, where A denotes the mass number. In other words, it is the geometry of the nuclear overlap zone, rather than just the number of nucleon participants that drives the detailed shape of the pseudorapidity distribution and its centrality dependence.
The PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
B.Alver, M.Baker, C.Loizides, P.Steinberg
May 29 2008 nucl-ex arXiv:0805.4411v1

@misc{0805.4411, author = {B.Alver and M.Baker and C.Loizides and P.Steinberg}, title = {{T}he {PHOBOS} {G}lauber {M}onte {C}arlo}, year = {2008}, eprint = {0805.4411}, note = {arXiv:0805.4411v1} }
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``Glauber'' models are used to calculate geometric quantities in the initial state of heavy ion collisions, such as impact parameter, number of participating nucleons and initial eccentricity. The four RHIC experiments have different methods for Glauber Model calculations, leading to similar results for various geometric observables. In this document, we describe an implementation of the Monte Carlo based Glauber Model calculation used by the PHOBOS experiment. The assumptions that go in the calculation are described. A user's guide is provided for running various calculations.
Non-flow correlations and elliptic flow fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200GeV
PHOBOS Collaboration, B. Alver, B. B. Back, M. D. Baker, M. Ballintijn, D. S. Barton, R. R. Betts, A. A. Bickley, R. Bindel, W. Busza, A. Carroll, Z. Chai, V. Chetluru, M. P. Decowski, E. Garcia, T. Gburek, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, et al (49)
Apr 29 2008 nucl-ex arXiv:0804.4297v1

@misc{0804.4297, author = {PHOBOS Collaboration and B.~Alver and B.~B.~Back and M.~D.~Baker and M.~Ballintijn and D.~S.~Barton and R.~R.~Betts and A.~A.~Bickley and R.~Bindel and W.~Busza and A.~Carroll and Z.~Chai and V.~Chetluru and M.~P.~Decowski and E.~Garcia and T.~Gburek and N.~George and K.~Gulbrandsen and C.~Halliwell and J.~Hamblen and I.~Harnarine and M.~Hauer and C.~Henderson and D.~J.~Hofman and R.~S.~Hollis and R.~Holyinski and B.~Holzman and A.~Iordanova and E.~Johnson and J.~L.~Kane and N.~Khan and P.~Kulinich and C.~M.~Kuo and W.~Li and W.~T.~Lin and C.~Loizides and S.~Manly and A.~C.Mignerey and R.~Nouicer and A.~Olszewski and R.~Pak and C.~Reed and E.~Richardson and C.~Roland and G.~Roland and J.~Sagerer and H.~Seals and I.~Sedykh and C.~E.~Smith and M.~A.~Stankiewicz and P.~Steinberg and G.~S.~F.~Stephans and A.~Sukhanov and A.~Szostak and M.~B.Tonjes and A.~Trzupek and C.~Vale and G.~J.~van Nieuwenhuizen and S.~S.~Vaurynovich and R.~Verdier and G.~I.~Veres and P.~Walters and E.~Wenger and D.~Willhelm and F.~L.~H.~Wolfs and B.~Wosiek and K.~Wozniak and S.~Wyngaardt and B.~Wyslouch}, title = {{N}on-flow correlations and elliptic flow fluctuations in {A}u+{A}u collisions at sqrt(s_{NN})=200{G}e{V}}, year = {2008}, eprint = {0804.4297}, howpublished = {J.Phys.G35:104101,2008}, doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/35/10/104101}, note = {arXiv:0804.4297v1} }
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We present first results on event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions corrected for effects of non-flow correlations where the magnitude of non-flow correlations has been independently measured in data. Over the measured range in centrality, we see large relative fluctuations of 25-50%. The results are consistent with predictions from both color glass condensate and Glauber type initial condition calculations of the event-by-event participant eccentricity fluctuations.
Photon-tagged jet measurements in Pb+Pb collisions with the CMS detector
C Loizides, for, CMS Collaboration
Apr 24 2008 nucl-ex arXiv:0804.3679v1

@misc{0804.3679, author = {C Loizides and for and CMS Collaboration}, title = {{P}hoton-tagged jet measurements in {P}b+{P}b collisions with the {CMS} detector}, year = {2008}, eprint = {0804.3679}, howpublished = {J.Phys.G35:104166,2008}, doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/35/10/104166}, note = {arXiv:0804.3679v1} }
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Presented are the results of a detailed study for a complete simulation of the CMS detectors at the LHC in view of the expected modification of jet fragmentation functions in central Pb+Pb collisions at (s_NN)**0.5=5.5 TeV compared to the vacuum (p+p) case. The study is based on photon-jet events, using the correlation between isolated high-transverse energy (E_T>70 GeV) photons and fully reconstructed jets, based on the information provided by the CMS calorimeters and silicon tracker.
Recent Results from PHOBOS
Constantin Loizides, for, PHOBOS collaboration
Dec 11 2007 nucl-ex arXiv:0712.1371v1

@misc{0712.1371, author = {Constantin Loizides and for and PHOBOS collaboration}, title = {{R}ecent {R}esults from {PHOBOS}}, year = {2007}, eprint = {0712.1371}, howpublished = {J.Phys.G35:044006,2008}, doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/35/4/044006}, note = {arXiv:0712.1371v1} }
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In this manuscript we give a short summary of recent physics results from PHOBOS. Particular emphasis is put on elliptic flow, fluctuations in the initial geometry and the recent measurements of elliptic flow fluctuations.
The Importance of Correlations and Fluctuations on the Initial Source Eccentricity in High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
B.Alver, B.B.Back, M.D.Baker, M.Ballintijn, D.S.Barton, R.R.Betts, R.Bindel, W.Busza, V.Chetluru, E.García, T.Gburek, J.Hamblen, U.Heinz, D.J.Hofman, R.S.Hollis, A.Iordanova, W.Li, C.Loizides, S.Manly, A.C.Mignerey, et al (19)
Nov 26 2007 nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:0711.3724v1

@misc{0711.3724, author = {B.Alver and B.B.Back and M.D.Baker and M.Ballintijn and D.S.Barton and R.R.Betts and R.Bindel and W.Busza and V.Chetluru and E.García and T.Gburek and J.Hamblen and U.Heinz and D.J.Hofman and R.S.Hollis and A.Iordanova and W.Li and C.Loizides and S.Manly and A.C.Mignerey and R.Nouicer and A.Olszewski and C.Reed and C.Roland and G.Roland and J.Sagerer and P.Steinberg and G.S.F.Stephans and M.B.Tonjes and A.Trzupek and G.J.van Nieuwenhuizen and S.S.Vaurynovich and R.Verdier and G.I.Veres and P.Walters and E.Wenger and B.Wosiek and K.Woźniak and B.Wys\louch}, title = {{T}he {I}mportance of {C}orrelations and {F}luctuations on the {I}nitial {S}ource {E}ccentricity in {H}igh-{E}nergy {N}ucleus-{N}ucleus {C}ollisions}, year = {2007}, eprint = {0711.3724}, howpublished = {Phys.Rev.C77:014906,2008}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.77.014906}, note = {arXiv:0711.3724v1} }
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In this paper, we investigate various ways of defining the initial source eccentricity using the Monte Carlo Glauber (MCG) approach. In particular, we examine the participant eccentricity, which quantifies the eccentricity of the initial source shape by the major axes of the ellipse formed by the interaction points of the participating nucleons. We show that reasonable variation of the density parameters in the Glauber calculation, as well as variations in how matter production is modeled, do not significantly modify the already established behavior of the participant eccentricity as a function of collision centrality. Focusing on event-by-event fluctuations and correlations of the distributions of participating nucleons we demonstrate that, depending on the achieved event-plane resolution, fluctuations in the elliptic flow magnitude $v_2$ lead to most measurements being sensitive to the root-mean-square, rather than the mean of the $v_2$ distribution. Neglecting correlations among participants, we derive analytical expressions for the participant eccentricity cumulants as a function of the number of participating nucleons, $\Npart$,keeping non-negligible contributions up to $\ordof{1/\Npart^3}$. We find that the derived expressions yield the same results as obtained from mixed-event MCG calculations which remove the correlations stemming from the nuclear collision process. Most importantly, we conclude from the comparison with MCG calculations that the fourth order participant eccentricity cumulant does not approach the spatial anisotropy obtained assuming a smooth nuclear matter distribution. In particular, for the Cu+Cu system, these quantities deviate from each other by almost a factor of two over a wide range in centrality.
Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions
S. Abreu, S. V. Akkelin, J. Alam, J. L. Albacete, A. Andronic, D. Antonov, F. Arleo, N. Armesto, I. C. Arsene, G. G. Barnafoldi, J. Barrette, B. Bauchle, F. Becattini, B. Betz, M. Bleicher, M. Bluhm, D. Boer, F. W. Bopp, P. Braun-Munzinger, L. Bravina, et al (147)
Nov 07 2007 hep-ph hep-ex nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:0711.0974v1

@misc{0711.0974, author = {S.~Abreu and S.~V.~Akkelin and J.~Alam and J.~L.~Albacete and A.~Andronic and D.~Antonov and F.~Arleo and N.~Armesto and I.~C.~Arsene and G.~G.~Barnafoldi and J.~Barrette and B.~Bauchle and F.~Becattini and B.~Betz and M.~Bleicher and M.~Bluhm and D.~Boer and F.~W.~Bopp and P.~Braun-Munzinger and L.~Bravina and W.~Busza and M.~Cacciari and A.~Capella and J.~Casalderrey-Solana and R.~Chatterjee and L.-W.~Chen and J.~Cleymans and B.~A.~Cole and Z.~Conesa Del Valle and L.~P.~Csernai and L.~Cunqueiro and A.~Dainese and J.~Dias de Deus H.-T.~Ding and M.~Djordjevic and H.~Drescher and I.~M.~Dremin A.~Dumitru and A.~El and R.~Engel and D.~d'Enterria and K.~J.~Eskola and G.~Fai and E.~G.~Ferreiro and R.~J.~Fries and E.~Frodermann and H.~Fujii and C.~Gale and F.~Gelis and V.~P.~Goncalves and V.~Greco and C.~Greiner and M.~Gyulassy and H.~van Hees and U.~Heinz and H.~Honkanen and W.~A.~Horowitz and E.~Iancu and G.~Ingelman and J.~Jalilian-Marian and S.~Jeon and A.~B.~Kaidalov and B.~Kampfer and Z.-B.~Kang and Iu.~A.~Karpenko and G.~Kestin and D.~Kharzeev and C.~M.~Ko and B.~Koch and B.~Kopeliovich and M.~Kozlov and I.~Kraus and I.~Kuznetsova and S.~H.~Lee and R.~Lednicky and J.~Letessier and E.~Levin and B.-A.~Li and Z.-W.~Lin and H.~Liu and W.~Liu and C.~Loizides and I.~P.~Lokhtin and M.~V.~T.~Machado and L.~V.~Malinina and A.~M.~Managadze and M.~L.~Mangano and M.~Mannarelli and C.~Manuel and G.~Martinez and J.~G.~Milhano and A.~Mocsy and D.~Molnar and M.~Nardi and J.~K.~Nayak and H.~Niemi and H.~Oeschler and J.-Y.~Ollitrault and G.~Paic and C.~Pajares and V.~S.~Pantuev and G.~Papp and D.~Peressounko and P.~Petreczky and S.~V.~Petrushanko and F.~Piccinini and T.~Pierog and H.~J.~Pirner and S.~Porteboeuf and I.~Potashnikova and G.~Y.~Qin and J.-W.~Qiu and J.~Rafelski and K.~Rajagopal and J.~Ranft and R.~Rapp and S.~S.~Rasanen and J.~Rathsman and P.~Rau and K.~Redlich and T.~Renk and A.~H.~Rezaeian and D.~Rischke and S.~Roesler and J.~Ruppert and P.~V.~Ruuskanen and C.~A.~Salgado and S.~Sapeta and I.~Sarcevic and S.~Sarkar and L.~I.~Sarycheva and I.~Schmidt and A.~I.~Shoshi and B.~Sinha and Yu.~M.~Sinyukov and A.~M.~Snigirev and D.~K.~Srivastava and J.~Stachel and A.~Stasto and H.~Stocker and C.~Yu.~Teplov and R.~L.~Thews and G.~Torrieri and V.~Topor Pop and D.~N.~Triantafyllopoulos and K.~L.~Tuchin and S.~Turbide and K.~Tywoniuk and A.~Utermann and R.~Venugopalan and I.~Vitev and R.~Vogt and E.~Wang and X.~N.~Wang and K.~Werner and E.~Wessels and S.~Wheaton and S.~Wicks and U.~A.~Wiedemann and G.~Wolschin and B.-W.~Xiao and Z.~Xu and S.~Yasui and E.~Zabrodin and K.~Zapp and B.~Zhang and B.-W.~Zhang and H.~Zhang and D.~Zhou}, title = {{H}eavy {I}on {C}ollisions at the {LHC} - {L}ast {C}all for {P}redictions}, year = {2007}, eprint = {0711.0974}, howpublished = {J.Phys.G35:054001,2008}, doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/35/5/054001}, note = {arXiv:0711.0974v1} }
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This writeup is a compilation of the predictions for the forthcoming Heavy Ion Program at the Large Hadron Collider, as presented at the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from May 14th to June 10th 2007.
System Size, Energy and Centrality Dependence of Pseudorapidity Distributions of Charged Particles in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
B.Alver, B.B.Back, M.D.Baker, M.Ballintijn, D.S.Barton, R.R.Betts, R.Bindel, W.Busza, Z.Chai, V.Chetluru, E.García, T.Gburek, K.Gulbrandsen, J.Hamblen, I.Harnarine, C.Henderson, D.J.Hofman, R.S.Hollis, R.Hołyński, B.Holzman, et al (38)
Sep 26 2007 nucl-ex arXiv:0709.4008v1

@misc{0709.4008, author = {B.Alver and B.B.Back and M.D.Baker and M.Ballintijn and D.S.Barton and R.R.Betts and R.Bindel and W.Busza and Z.Chai and V.Chetluru and E.García and T.Gburek and K.Gulbrandsen and J.Hamblen and I.Harnarine and C.Henderson and D.J.Hofman and R.S.Hollis and R.Hołyński and B.Holzman and A.Iordanova and J.L.Kane and P.Kulinich and C.M.Kuo and W.Li and W.T.Lin and C.Loizides and S.Manly and A.C.Mignerey and R.Nouicer and A.Olszewski and R.Pak and C.Reed and E.Richardson and C.Roland and G.Roland and J.Sagerer and I.Sedykh and C.E.Smith and M.A.Stankiewicz and P.Steinberg and G.S.F.Stephans and A.Sukhanov and A.Szostak and M.B.Tonjes and A.Trzupek and G.J.van Nieuwenhuizen and S.S.Vaurynovich and R.Verdier and G.I.Veres and P.Walters and E.Wenger and D.Willhelm and F.L.H.Wolfs and B.Wosiek and K.Woźniak and S.Wyngaardt and B.Wysłouch}, title = {{S}ystem {S}ize, {E}nergy and {C}entrality {D}ependence of {P}seudorapidity {D}istributions of {C}harged {P}articles in {R}elativistic {H}eavy {I}on {C}ollisions}, year = {2007}, eprint = {0709.4008}, howpublished = {Phys.Rev.Lett.102:142301,2009}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.142301}, note = {arXiv:0709.4008v1} }
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We present the first measurements of the pseudorapidity distribution of primary charged particles in Cu+Cu collisions as a function of collision centrality and energy, \sqrtsnn = 22.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV, over a wide range of pseudorapidity, using the PHOBOS detector. Making a global comparison of Cu+Cu and Au+Au results, we find that the total number of produced charged particles and the rough shape (height and width) of the pseudorapidity distributions are determined by the number of nucleon participants. More detailed studies reveal that a more precise matching of the shape of the Cu+Cu and Au+Au pseudorapidity distributions over the full range of pseudorapidity occurs for the same Npart/2A value rather than the same Npart value. In other words, it is the collision geometry rather than just the number of nucleon participants that drives the detailed shape of the pseudorapidity distribution and its centrality dependence at RHIC energies.
Elliptic flow fluctuations in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC
Constantin Loizides, for, PHOBOS collaboration
Jan 25 2007 nucl-ex arXiv:nucl-ex/0701049v2

@misc{nucl-ex/0701049, author = {Constantin Loizides and for and PHOBOS collaboration}, title = {{E}lliptic flow fluctuations in 200 {G}e{V} {A}u+{A}u collisions at {RHIC}}, year = {2007}, eprint = {nucl-ex/0701049}, howpublished = {J.Phys.G34:S907-S910,2007}, doi = {10.1088/0954-3899/34/8/S123}, note = {arXiv:nucl-ex/0701049v2} }
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We present first results on event-by-event elliptic flow fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV obtained with the PHOBOS detector. Over the measured range in centrality, large relative fluctuations of 40--50% are found. The elliptic flow fluctuations are well described as being proportional to fluctuations in the shape of the initial collision region, as estimated event-by-event with the participant eccentricity using Glauber Monte Carlo.
Elliptic flow, eccentricity and eccentricity fluctuations
Constantin Loizides, for, PHOBOS collaboration
Nov 14 2006 nucl-ex arXiv:nucl-ex/0611017v3

@misc{nucl-ex/0611017, author = {Constantin Loizides and for and PHOBOS collaboration}, title = {{E}lliptic flow, eccentricity and eccentricity fluctuations}, year = {2006}, eprint = {nucl-ex/0611017}, howpublished = {Braz.J.Phys.37:770-772,2007}, note = {arXiv:nucl-ex/0611017v3} }
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Differential studies of elliptic flow are one of the most powerful tools in studying the initial conditions and dynamical evolution of heavy ion collisions. The comparison of data from Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions taken with the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC provides new information on the interplay between initial geometry and initial particle density in determining the observed final state flow pattern. Studies from PHOBOS point to the importance of fluctuations in the initial state geometry for understanding the Cu+Cu data. We relate the elliptic flow data to the results of our model studies on initial state geometry fluctuations and discuss how we will perform measurements of event-by-event fluctuations in elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions.
Scaling Features of Selected Observables at RHIC
Constantin Loizides, for, PHOBOS collaboration
May 15 2006 nucl-ex arXiv:nucl-ex/0605012v1

@misc{nucl-ex/0605012, author = {Constantin Loizides and for and PHOBOS collaboration}, title = {{S}caling {F}eatures of {S}elected {O}bservables at {RHIC}}, year = {2006}, eprint = {nucl-ex/0605012}, note = {arXiv:nucl-ex/0605012v1} }
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We discuss several observables measured by PHOBOS that show common scaling features in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies. In particular, we examine the centrality and energy dependence of the charged particle multiplicity, as well as the centrality dependence of the elliptic flow at mid-rapidity. The discrepancy between Cu+Cu and Au+Au of the final state azimuthal asymmetry (elliptic flow), relative to the initial state geometry of the collision, can be resolved by accounting for fluctuations in the description of the initial geometry.
Jet physics in ALICE
C. Loizides
Jan 21 2005 nucl-ex arXiv:nucl-ex/0501017v3

@misc{nucl-ex/0501017, author = {C.~Loizides}, title = {{J}et physics in {ALICE}}, year = {2005}, eprint = {nucl-ex/0501017}, note = {arXiv:nucl-ex/0501017v3} }
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This work aims at the performance of the ALICE detector for the measurement of high-energy jets at mid-pseudo-rapidity in ultra-relativistic nucleus--nucleus collisions at LHC and their potential for the characterization of the partonic matter created in these collisions. In our approach, jets at high energy with E_T>50 GeV are reconstructed with a cone jet finder, as typically done for jet measurements in hadronic collisions. Within the ALICE framework we study its capabilities of measuring high-energy jets and quantify obtainable rates and the quality of reconstruction, both, in proton--proton and in lead--lead collisions at LHC conditions. In particular, we address whether modification of the jet fragmentation in the charged-particle sector can be detected within the high particle-multiplicity environment of the central lead--lead collisions. We comparatively treat these topics in view of an EMCAL proposed to complete the central ALICE tracking detectors. The main activities concerning the thesis are the following: a) Determination of the potential for exclusive jet measurements in ALICE. b) Determination of jet rates that can be acquired with the ALICE setup. c) Development of a parton-energy loss model. d) Simulation and study of the energy-loss effect on jet properties.
Leading-particle suppression in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
A. Dainese, C. Loizides, G. Paic
Jun 21 2004 hep-ph nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:hep-ph/0406201v3

@misc{hep-ph/0406201, author = {A.~Dainese and C.~Loizides and G.~Paic}, title = {{L}eading-particle suppression in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions}, year = {2004}, eprint = {hep-ph/0406201}, howpublished = {Eur.Phys.J.C38:461-474,2005}, doi = {10.1140/epjc/s2004-02077-x}, note = {arXiv:hep-ph/0406201v3} }
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Parton energy loss effects in heavy-ion collisions are studied with the Monte Carlo program PQM (Parton Quenching Model) constructed using the BDMPS quenching weights and a realistic collision geometry. The merit of the approach is that it contains only one free parameter that is tuned to the high-pt nuclear modification factor measured in central Au-Au collisions at sqrts_NN = 200 GeV. Once tuned, the model is coherently applied to all the high-pt observables at 200 GeV: the centrality evolution of the nuclear modification factor, the suppression of the away-side jet-like correlations, and the azimuthal anisotropies for these observables. Predictions for the leading-particle suppression at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 62.4 and 5500 GeV are calculated. The limits of the eikonal approximation in the BDMPS approach, when applied to finite-energy partons, are discussed.