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106 results for au:Fu_C in:physics

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CEPC-on-Gaussino: an application of Gaussino simulation framework for CEPC experiment
Tao Lin, Weidong Li, Xingtao Huang, Teng Li, Ziyan Deng, Chengdong Fu, Jiaheng Zou
Oct 01 2024 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2409.19714v1

@misc{2409.19714, author = {Tao Lin and Weidong Li and Xingtao Huang and Teng Li and Ziyan Deng and Chengdong Fu and Jiaheng Zou}, title = {{CEPC}-on-{G}aussino: an application of {G}aussino simulation framework for {CEPC} experiment}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2409.19714}, note = {arXiv:2409.19714v1} }
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The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a future Higgs factory to measure the Higgs boson properties. Like the other future experiments, the simulation software plays a crucial role in CEPC for detector designs, algorithm optimization and physics studies. Due to similar requirements, the software stack from the Key4hep project has been adopted by CEPC. As the initial application of Key4hep, a simulation framework has been developed for CEPC based on DD4hep, EDM4hep and k4FWCore since 2020. However, the current simulation framework for CEPC lacks support for the parallel computing. To benefit from the multi-threading techniques, the Gaussino project from the LHCb experiment has been chosen as the next simulation framework in Key4hep. This contribution presents the application of Gaussino for CEPC. The development of the CEPC-on-Gaussino prototype will be shown and the simulation of a tracker detector will be demonstrated.
Design of a LYSO Crystal Electromagnetic Calorimeter for DarkSHINE Experiment
Zhiyu Zhao, Qibin Liu, Jiyuan Chen, Jing Chen, Junfeng Chen, Xiang Chen, Changbo Fu, Jun Guo, Kim Siang Khaw, Liang Li, Shu Li, Danning Liu, Kun Liu, Siyuan Song, Tong Sun, Jiannan Tang, Yufeng Wang, Zhen Wang, Weihao Wu, Haijun Yang, et al (7)
Jul 26 2024 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2407.17800v1

@misc{2407.17800, author = {Zhiyu Zhao and Qibin Liu and Jiyuan Chen and Jing Chen and Junfeng Chen and Xiang Chen and Changbo Fu and Jun Guo and Kim Siang Khaw and Liang Li and Shu Li and Danning Liu and Kun Liu and Siyuan Song and Tong Sun and Jiannan Tang and Yufeng Wang and Zhen Wang and Weihao Wu and Haijun Yang and Yuming Lin and Rui Yuan and Yulei Zhang and Yunlong Zhang and Baihong Zhou and Xuliang Zhu and Yifan Zhu}, title = {{D}esign of a {LYSO} {C}rystal {E}lectromagnetic {C}alorimeter for {D}ark{SHINE} {E}xperiment}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2407.17800}, note = {arXiv:2407.17800v1} }
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This paper presents the design and optimization of a LYSO crystal-based electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for the DarkSHINE experiment, which aims to search for dark photon as potential dark force mediator. The ECAL design has been meticulously evaluated through comprehensive simulations, focusing on optimizing dimensions, material choices, and placement within the detector array to enhance sensitivity in search for dark photon signatures while balancing cost and performance. The concluded ECAL design, comprising 2.5$\times$2.5$\times$4 cm$^3$ LYSO crystals arranged in a 52.5$\times$52.5$\times$44 cm$^3$ structure, ensures high energy resolution and effective energy containment. The study also explored the energy distribution across different ECAL regions and established a dynamic range for energy measurements, with a 4 GeV limit per crystal deemed sufficient. Additionally, the radiation tolerance of ECAL components was assessed, confirming the sustainability of LYSO crystals and radiation-resistant silicon sensors.
Narrow Linewidth Laser Based on Extended Topological Interface States in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Xiao Sun, Zhibo Li, Yiming Sun, Yupei Wang, Jue Wang, Huihua Cheng, Cong Fu, John H. Marsh, Anthony E. Kelly, Lianping Hou
Jul 11 2024 physics.optics arXiv:2407.07545v1

@misc{2407.07545, author = {Xiao Sun and Zhibo Li and Yiming Sun and Yupei Wang and Jue Wang and Huihua Cheng and Cong Fu and John H.~Marsh and Anthony E.~Kelly and Lianping Hou}, title = {{N}arrow {L}inewidth {L}aser {B}ased on {E}xtended {T}opological {I}nterface {S}tates in {O}ne-{D}imensional {P}hotonic {C}rystals}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2407.07545}, note = {arXiv:2407.07545v1} }
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Recent advances in topological one-dimensional photonic crystal concepts have enabled the development of robust light-emitting devices by incorporating a topological interface state (TIS) at the cavity center. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a one-dimensional TIS-extended photonic crystal (1D-TISE-PC) structure. By integrating a linearly dispersive zero-index one-dimensional photonic crystal structure with a four-phase shift sampled grating, photons propagate along the cavity without phase differences, enhancing the robustness to material variations and extending the TIS. Our findings indicate that extending the TIS promotes a more uniform photon distribution along the laser cavity and mitigates the spatial hole burning (SHB) effect. We fabricated and characterized a 1550 nm sidewall 1D-TISE-PC semiconductor laser, achieving stable single-mode operation across a wide current range from 60 to 420 mA, with a side-mode suppression ratio of 50 dB. The 1D-TISE-PC structure exhibited a linewidth narrowing effect to approximately 150 kHz Lorentzian linewidth. Utilizing reconstruction equivalent-chirp technology for the 4PS sampled grating enabled precise wavelength control in 1D-TISE-PC laser arrays, achieving a wavelength spacing of 0.796 nm +- 0.003 nm. We show that the TIS still exists in the TISE cavity and topological protection is preserved. Its mode extension characteristics mitigate the SHB so narrows the linewidth. We argue that the design simplicity and improvement of the fabrication tolerance make this architecture suitable for high-power and narrow-linewidth semiconductor lasers development.
Study of the decay and production properties of $D_{s1}(2536)$ and $D_{s2}^*(2573)$
M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, O. Afedulidis, X. C. Ai, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, I. Balossino, Y. Ban, H.-R. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, et al (650)
Jul 11 2024 hep-ex physics.data-an arXiv:2407.07651v1

@misc{2407.07651, author = {M.~Ablikim and M.~N.~Achasov and P.~Adlarson and O.~Afedulidis and X.~C.~Ai and R.~Aliberti and A.~Amoroso and Q.~An and Y.~Bai and O.~Bakina and I.~Balossino and Y.~Ban and H.-R.~Bao and V.~Batozskaya and K.~Begzsuren and N.~Berger and M.~Berlowski and M.~Bertani and D.~Bettoni and F.~Bianchi and E.~Bianco and A.~Bortone and I.~Boyko and R.~A.~Briere and A.~Brueggemann and H.~Cai and X.~Cai and A.~Calcaterra and G.~F.~Cao and N.~Cao and S.~A.~Cetin and X.~Y.~Chai and J.~F.~Chang and G.~R.~Che and Y.~Z.~Che and G.~Chelkov and C.~Chen and C.~H.~Chen and Chao Chen and G.~Chen and H.~S.~Chen and H.~Y.~Chen and M.~L.~Chen and S.~J.~Chen and S.~L.~Chen and S.~M.~Chen and T.~Chen and X.~R.~Chen and X.~T.~Chen and Y.~B.~Chen and Y.~Q.~Chen and Z.~J.~Chen and Z.~Y.~Chen and S.~K.~Choi and G.~Cibinetto and F.~Cossio and J.~J.~Cui and H.~L.~Dai and J.~P.~Dai and A.~Dbeyssi and R.~E.~de Boer and D.~Dedovich and C.~Q.~Deng and Z.~Y.~Deng and A.~Denig and I.~Denysenko and M.~Destefanis and F.~De Mori and B.~Ding and X.~X.~Ding and Y.~Ding and Y.~Ding and J.~Dong and L.~Y.~Dong and M.~Y.~Dong and X.~Dong and M.~C.~Du and S.~X.~Du and Y.~Y.~Duan and Z.~H.~Duan and P.~Egorov and Y.~H.~Fan and J.~Fang and J.~Fang and S.~S.~Fang and W.~X.~Fang and Y.~Fang and Y.~Q.~Fang and R.~Farinelli and L.~Fava and F.~Feldbauer and G.~Felici and C.~Q.~Feng and J.~H.~Feng and Y.~T.~Feng and M.~Fritsch and C.~D.~Fu and J.~L.~Fu and Y.~W.~Fu and H.~Gao and X.~B.~Gao and Y.~N.~Gao and Yang Gao and S.~Garbolino and I.~Garzia and L.~Ge and P.~T.~Ge and Z.~W.~Ge and C.~Geng and E.~M.~Gersabeck and A.~Gilman and K.~Goetzen and L.~Gong and W.~X.~Gong and W.~Gradl and S.~Gramigna and M.~Greco and M.~H.~Gu and Y.~T.~Gu and C.~Y.~Guan and A.~Q.~Guo and L.~B.~Guo and M.~J.~Guo and R.~P.~Guo and Y.~P.~Guo and A.~Guskov and J.~Gutierrez and K.~L.~Han and T.~T.~Han and F.~Hanisch and X.~Q.~Hao and F.~A.~Harris and K.~K.~He and K.~L.~He and F.~H.~Heinsius and C.~H.~Heinz and Y.~K.~Heng and C.~Herold and T.~Holtmann and P.~C.~Hong and G.~Y.~Hou and X.~T.~Hou and Y.~R.~Hou and Z.~L.~Hou and B.~Y.~Hu and H.~M.~Hu and J.~F.~Hu and S.~L.~Hu and T.~Hu and Y.~Hu and G.~S.~Huang and K.~X.~Huang and L.~Q.~Huang and X.~T.~Huang and Y.~P.~Huang and Y.~S.~Huang and T.~Hussain and F.~Hölzken and N.~Hüsken and N.~in der Wiesche and J.~Jackson and S.~Janchiv and J.~H.~Jeong and Q.~Ji and Q.~P.~Ji and W.~Ji and X.~B.~Ji and X.~L.~Ji and Y.~Y.~Ji and X.~Q.~Jia and Z.~K.~Jia and D.~Jiang and H.~B.~Jiang and P.~C.~Jiang and S.~S.~Jiang and T.~J.~Jiang and X.~S.~Jiang and Y.~Jiang and J.~B.~Jiao and J.~K.~Jiao and Z.~Jiao and S.~Jin and Y.~Jin and M.~Q.~Jing and X.~M.~Jing and T.~Johansson and S.~Kabana and N.~Kalantar-Nayestanaki and X.~L.~Kang and X.~S.~Kang and M.~Kavatsyuk and B.~C.~Ke and V.~Khachatryan and A.~Khoukaz and R.~Kiuchi and O.~B.~Kolcu and B.~Kopf and M.~Kuessner and X.~Kui and N.~Kumar and A.~Kupsc and W.~Kühn and J.~J.~Lane and L.~Lavezzi and T.~T.~Lei and Z.~H.~Lei and M.~Lellmann and T.~Lenz and C.~Li and C.~Li and C.~H.~Li and Cheng Li and D.~M.~Li and F.~Li and G.~Li and H.~B.~Li and H.~J.~Li and H.~N.~Li and Hui Li and J.~R.~Li and J.~S.~Li and K.~Li and K.~L.~Li and L.~J.~Li and L.~K.~Li and Lei Li and M.~H.~Li and P.~R.~Li and Q.~M.~Li and Q.~X.~Li and R.~Li and S.~X.~Li and T.~Li and W.~D.~Li and W.~G.~Li and X.~Li and X.~H.~Li and X.~L.~Li and X.~Y.~Li and X.~Z.~Li and Y.~G.~Li and Z.~J.~Li and Z.~Y.~Li and C.~Liang and H.~Liang and H.~Liang and Y.~F.~Liang and Y.~T.~Liang and G.~R.~Liao and Y.~P.~Liao and J.~Libby and A.~Limphirat and C.~C.~Lin and D.~X.~Lin and T.~Lin and B.~J.~Liu and B.~X.~Liu and C.~Liu and C.~X.~Liu and F.~Liu and F.~H.~Liu and Feng Liu and G.~M.~Liu and H.~Liu and H.~B.~Liu and H.~H.~Liu and H.~M.~Liu and Huihui Liu and J.~B.~Liu and J.~Y.~Liu and K.~Liu and K.~Y.~Liu and Ke Liu and L.~Liu and L.~C.~Liu and Lu Liu and M.~H.~Liu and P.~L.~Liu and Q.~Liu and S.~B.~Liu and T.~Liu and W.~K.~Liu and W.~M.~Liu and X.~Liu and X.~Liu and Y.~Liu and Y.~Liu and Y.~B.~Liu and Z.~A.~Liu and Z.~D.~Liu and Z.~Q.~Liu and X.~C.~Lou and F.~X.~Lu and H.~J.~Lu and J.~G.~Lu and X.~L.~Lu and Y.~Lu and Y.~P.~Lu and Z.~H.~Lu and C.~L.~Luo and J.~R.~Luo and M.~X.~Luo and T.~Luo and X.~L.~Luo and X.~R.~Lyu and Y.~F.~Lyu and F.~C.~Ma and H.~Ma and H.~L.~Ma and J.~L.~Ma and L.~L.~Ma and L.~R.~Ma and M.~M.~Ma and Q.~M.~Ma and R.~Q.~Ma and T.~Ma and X.~T.~Ma and X.~Y.~Ma and Y.~M.~Ma and F.~E.~Maas and I.~MacKay and M.~Maggiora and S.~Malde and Y.~J.~Mao and Z.~P.~Mao and S.~Marcello and Z.~X.~Meng and J.~G.~Messchendorp and G.~Mezzadri and H.~Miao and T.~J.~Min and R.~E.~Mitchell and X.~H.~Mo and B.~Moses and N.~Yu.~Muchnoi and J.~Muskalla and Y.~Nefedov and F.~Nerling and L.~S.~Nie and I.~B.~Nikolaev and Z.~Ning and S.~Nisar and Q.~L.~Niu and W.~D.~Niu and Y.~Niu and S.~L.~Olsen and S.~L.~Olsen and Q.~Ouyang and S.~Pacetti and X.~Pan and Y.~Pan and A.~Pathak and Y.~P.~Pei and M.~Pelizaeus and H.~P.~Peng and Y.~Y.~Peng and K.~Peters and J.~L.~Ping and R.~G.~Ping and S.~Plura and V.~Prasad and F.~Z.~Qi and H.~Qi and H.~R.~Qi and M.~Qi and T.~Y.~Qi and S.~Qian and W.~B.~Qian and C.~F.~Qiao and X.~K.~Qiao and J.~J.~Qin and L.~Q.~Qin and L.~Y.~Qin and X.~P.~Qin and X.~S.~Qin and Z.~H.~Qin and J.~F.~Qiu and Z.~H.~Qu and C.~F.~Redmer and K.~J.~Ren and A.~Rivetti and M.~Rolo and G.~Rong and Ch.~Rosner and M.~Q.~Ruan and S.~N.~Ruan and N.~Salone and A.~Sarantsev and Y.~Schelhaas and K.~Schoenning and M.~Scodeggio and K.~Y.~Shan and W.~Shan and X.~Y.~Shan and Z.~J.~Shang and J.~F.~Shangguan and L.~G.~Shao and M.~Shao and C.~P.~Shen and H.~F.~Shen and W.~H.~Shen and X.~Y.~Shen and B.~A.~Shi and H.~Shi and H.~C.~Shi and J.~L.~Shi and J.~Y.~Shi and Q.~Q.~Shi and S.~Y.~Shi and X.~Shi and J.~J.~Song and T.~Z.~Song and W.~M.~Song and Y.~J.~Song and Y.~X.~Song and S.~Sosio and S.~Spataro and F.~Stieler and S.~S Su and Y.~J.~Su and G.~B.~Sun and G.~X.~Sun and H.~Sun and H.~K.~Sun and J.~F.~Sun and K.~Sun and L.~Sun and S.~S.~Sun and T.~Sun and W.~Y.~Sun and Y.~Sun and Y.~J.~Sun and Y.~Z.~Sun and Z.~Q.~Sun and Z.~T.~Sun and C.~J.~Tang and G.~Y.~Tang and J.~Tang and M.~Tang and Y.~A.~Tang and L.~Y.~Tao and Q.~T.~Tao and M.~Tat and J.~X.~Teng and V.~Thoren and W.~H.~Tian and Y.~Tian and Z.~F.~Tian and I.~Uman and Y.~Wan and S.~J.~Wang and B.~Wang and B.~L.~Wang and Bo Wang and D.~Y.~Wang and F.~Wang and H.~J.~Wang and J.~J.~Wang and J.~P.~Wang and K.~Wang and L.~L.~Wang and M.~Wang and N.~Y.~Wang and S.~Wang and S.~Wang and T.~Wang and T.~J.~Wang and W.~Wang and W.~Wang and W.~P.~Wang and X.~Wang and X.~F.~Wang and X.~J.~Wang and X.~L.~Wang and X.~N.~Wang and Y.~Wang and Y.~D.~Wang and Y.~F.~Wang and Y.~L.~Wang and Y.~N.~Wang and Y.~Q.~Wang and Yaqian Wang and Yi Wang and Z.~Wang and Z.~L.~Wang and Z.~Y.~Wang and Ziyi Wang and D.~H.~Wei and F.~Weidner and S.~P.~Wen and Y.~R.~Wen and U.~Wiedner and G.~Wilkinson and M.~Wolke and L.~Wollenberg and C.~Wu and J.~F.~Wu and L.~H.~Wu and L.~J.~Wu and X.~Wu and X.~H.~Wu and Y.~Wu and Y.~H.~Wu and Y.~J.~Wu and Z.~Wu and L.~Xia and X.~M.~Xian and B.~H.~Xiang and T.~Xiang and D.~Xiao and G.~Y.~Xiao and S.~Y.~Xiao and Y.~L.~Xiao and Z.~J.~Xiao and C.~Xie and X.~H.~Xie and Y.~Xie and Y.~G.~Xie and Y.~H.~Xie and Z.~P.~Xie and T.~Y.~Xing and C.~F.~Xu and C.~J.~Xu and G.~F.~Xu and H.~Y.~Xu and M.~Xu and Q.~J.~Xu and Q.~N.~Xu and W.~Xu and W.~L.~Xu and X.~P.~Xu and Y.~Xu and Y.~C.~Xu and Z.~S.~Xu and F.~Yan and L.~Yan and W.~B.~Yan and W.~C.~Yan and X.~Q.~Yan and H.~J.~Yang and H.~L.~Yang and H.~X.~Yang and T.~Yang and Y.~Yang and Y.~F.~Yang and Y.~F.~Yang and Y.~X.~Yang and Z.~W.~Yang and Z.~P.~Yao and M.~Ye and M.~H.~Ye and J.~H.~Yin and Junhao Yin and Z.~Y.~You and B.~X.~Yu and C.~X.~Yu and G.~Yu and J.~S.~Yu and M.~C.~Yu and T.~Yu and X.~D.~Yu and Y.~C.~Yu and C.~Z.~Yuan and J.~Yuan and J.~Yuan and L.~Yuan and S.~C.~Yuan and Y.~Yuan and Z.~Y.~Yuan and C.~X.~Yue and A.~A.~Zafar and F.~R.~Zeng and S.~H.~Zeng and X.~Zeng and Y.~Zeng and Y.~J.~Zeng and Y.~J.~Zeng and X.~Y.~Zhai and Y.~C.~Zhai and Y.~H.~Zhan and A.~Q.~Zhang and B.~L.~Zhang and B.~X.~Zhang and D.~H.~Zhang and G.~Y.~Zhang and H.~Zhang and H.~Zhang and H.~C.~Zhang and H.~H.~Zhang and H.~H.~Zhang and H.~Q.~Zhang and H.~R.~Zhang and H.~Y.~Zhang and J.~Zhang and J.~Zhang and J.~J.~Zhang and J.~L.~Zhang and J.~Q.~Zhang and J.~S.~Zhang and J.~W.~Zhang and J.~X.~Zhang and J.~Y.~Zhang and J.~Z.~Zhang and Jianyu Zhang and L.~M.~Zhang and Lei Zhang and P.~Zhang and Q.~Y.~Zhang and R.~Y.~Zhang and S.~H.~Zhang and Shulei Zhang and X.~M.~Zhang and X.~Y Zhang and X.~Y.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.~Zhang and Y.~T.~Zhang and Y.~H.~Zhang and Y.~M.~Zhang and Yan Zhang and Z.~D.~Zhang and Z.~H.~Zhang and Z.~L.~Zhang and Z.~Y.~Zhang and Z.~Y.~Zhang and Z.~Z.~Zhang and G.~Zhao and J.~Y.~Zhao and J.~Z.~Zhao and L.~Zhao and Lei Zhao and M.~G.~Zhao and N.~Zhao and R.~P.~Zhao and S.~J.~Zhao and Y.~B.~Zhao and Y.~X.~Zhao and Z.~G.~Zhao and A.~Zhemchugov and B.~Zheng and B.~M.~Zheng and J.~P.~Zheng and W.~J.~Zheng and Y.~H.~Zheng and B.~Zhong and X.~Zhong and H.~Zhou and J.~Y.~Zhou and L.~P.~Zhou and S.~Zhou and X.~Zhou and X.~K.~Zhou and X.~R.~Zhou and X.~Y.~Zhou and Y.~Z.~Zhou and Z.~C.~Zhou and A.~N.~Zhu and J.~Zhu and K.~Zhu and K.~J.~Zhu and K.~S.~Zhu and L.~Zhu and L.~X.~Zhu and S.~H.~Zhu and T.~J.~Zhu and W.~D.~Zhu and Y.~C.~Zhu and Z.~A.~Zhu and J.~H.~Zou and J.~Zu}, title = {{S}tudy of the decay and production properties of ${D}_{s1}(2536)$ and ${D}_{s2}^*(2573)$}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2407.07651}, note = {arXiv:2407.07651v1} }
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The $e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^+D_{s1}(2536)^-$ and $e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^+D^*_{s2}(2573)^-$ processes are studied using data samples collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies from 4.530 to 4.946~GeV. The absolute branching fractions of $D_{s1}(2536)^- \rightarrow \bar{D}^{*0}K^-$ and $D_{s2}^*(2573)^- \rightarrow \bar{D}^0K^-$ are measured for the first time to be $(35.9\pm 4.8\pm 3.5)\%$ and $(37.4\pm 3.1\pm 4.6)\%$, respectively. The measurements are in tension with predictions based on the assumption that the $D_{s1}(2536)$ and $D_{s2}^*(2573)$ are dominated by a bare $c\bar{s}$ component. The $e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^+D_{s1}(2536)^-$ and $e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^+D^*_{s2}(2573)^-$ cross sections are measured, and a resonant structure at around 4.6~GeV with a width of 50~MeV is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of $15\sigma$ in the $e^+e^-\rightarrow D_s^+D^*_{s2}(2573)^-$ process. It could be the $Y(4626)$ found by the Belle collaboration in the $D_s^+D_{s1}(2536)^{-}$ final state, since they have similar masses and widths. There is also evidence for a structure at around 4.75~GeV in both processes.
Frequency-resolved Raman Thermometry Analysis via a Multi-layer Heat Transfer Model for Bulk and Low-dimensional Materials
Taocheng Yu, Yilu Fu, Chenguang Fu, Tiejun Zhu, Wee-Liat Ong
Jul 02 2024 physics.app-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci arXiv:2407.00602v1

@misc{2407.00602, author = {Taocheng Yu and Yilu Fu and Chenguang Fu and Tiejun Zhu and Wee-Liat Ong}, title = {{F}requency-resolved {R}aman {T}hermometry {A}nalysis via a {M}ulti-layer {H}eat {T}ransfer {M}odel for {B}ulk and {L}ow-dimensional {M}aterials}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2407.00602}, note = {arXiv:2407.00602v1} }
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Raman thermometry is advantageous for measuring the thermal transport of low-dimensional materials due to its non-contact nature. Transient Raman methods have improved the accuracy of steady-state Raman thermometry by removing the need for accurate temperature calibration and laser absorption evaluation. However, current methods often resort to finite element analysis (FEA) to decipher the measured signals. This step is time-consuming and impedes its ubiquitous adaptation. In this work, we replace the FEA by fitting the transient-state Raman signal to a three-dimensional (3D) analytical heat transfer model for measuring the thermal conductivity of two bulk layered materials [i.e., molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) crystals] and the interfacial thermal conductance (h) of CVD-grown MoS2 and molybdenum di-selenide (MoSe2) on quartz (SiO2). Our measured results agree reasonably well with literature and theoretical calculations. We also performed a quantitative sensitivity analysis to give insights on how to improve the measurement sensitivity. Our work provides an efficient way to process the data of transient-based Raman thermometry for high throughput measurements.
Fudan Multi-purpose Active TArget Time Projection Chamber (fMeta-TPC) for Photonnuclear Reaction Experiments
Huang-Kai Wu, Xi-Yang Wang, Yu-Miao Wang, You-Jing Wang, De-Qing Fang, Wan-Bing He, Wei-Hu Ma, Xi-Guang Cao, Chang-Bo Fu, Xian-Gai Deng, Yu-Gang Ma
Jun 28 2024 physics.ins-det nucl-ex nucl-th arXiv:2406.18599v1

@misc{2406.18599, author = {Huang-Kai Wu and Xi-Yang Wang and Yu-Miao Wang and You-Jing Wang and De-Qing Fang and Wan-Bing He and Wei-Hu Ma and Xi-Guang Cao and Chang-Bo Fu and Xian-Gai Deng and Yu-Gang Ma}, title = {{F}udan {M}ulti-purpose {A}ctive {TA}rget {T}ime {P}rojection {C}hamber (f{M}eta-{TPC}) for {P}hotonnuclear {R}eaction {E}xperiments}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2406.18599}, note = {arXiv:2406.18599v1} }
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Active Target Time Projection Chambers (AT-TPCs) are state-of-the-art tools in the field of low-energy nuclear physics, particularly suitable for experiments using low-intensity radioactive ion beams or gamma rays. The Fudan Multi-purpose Active Target Time Projection Chamber (fMeta-TPC) with 2048 channels has been developed to study $\alpha$-clustering nuclei. \fcb In this work, the focus is on the study of the photonuclear reaction with the Laser Compton Scattering (LCS) gamma source, especially for the decay of the highly excited $\alpha$-cluster state. The design of fMeta-TPC is described and a comprehensive evaluation of its offline performance is performed by ultraviolet (UV) laser and $^{241}$Am $\alpha$ source. The result shows that the intrinsic angular resolution of the detector is within 0.30$^{\circ}$ and has an energy resolution of 6.85\% for 3.0 MeV $\alpha$ particles. The gain uniformity of the detector is about 10\% (RMS/Mean), tested by the $^{55}$Fe X-ray source.
Charge Collection Performance of 4H-SiC LGAD
Sen Zhao, Keqi Wang, Kaibo Xie, Chenxi Fu, Chengwei Wang, Xin Shi, Congcong Wang
May 29 2024 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2405.18112v1

@misc{2405.18112, author = {Sen Zhao and Keqi Wang and Kaibo Xie and Chenxi Fu and Chengwei Wang and Xin Shi and Congcong Wang}, title = {{C}harge {C}ollection {P}erformance of 4{H}-{S}i{C} {LGAD}}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2405.18112}, note = {arXiv:2405.18112v1} }
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The 4H-SiC material exhibits good detection performance, but there are still many problems like signal distortion and poor signal quality. The 4H-SiC low gain avalanche detector (LGAD) has been fabricated for the first time to solve these problems, which named SICAR (SIlicon CARbide). The results of electrical characteristics and charge collection performance of the 4H-SiC LGAD are reported. The influence of different metal thicknesses on the leakage current of the device is studied.~By optimizing the fabrication process, the leakage current of the detector is reduced by four orders of magnitude. The experimental results confirm this 4H-SiC LGAD has an obvious gain structure, the gain factor of the SICAR is reported to be about 2 at 150 V. The charge collection efficiency (CCE) of the device was analyzed using $\alpha$ particle incidence of 5.54 MeV, and the CCE is 90\% @100~V. This study provides a novel 4H-SiC LGAD radiation detector for application in the field of high energy particle physics.
High precision proton beam monitor system concept design on CSNS based on SiC
Ye He, Xingchen Li, Zijun Xu, Ming Qi, Congcong Wang, Chenwei Wang, Hai Lu, Xiaojun Nie, Ruirui Fan, Hantao Jing, Weiming Song, Keqi Wang, Kai Liu, Peilian Liu, Hui Li, Zaiyi Li, Chenxi Fu, Xiyuan Zhang, Xiaoshen Kang, Zhan Li, et al (3)
Mar 15 2024 physics.acc-ph physics.ins-det arXiv:2403.09244v1

@misc{2403.09244, author = {Ye He and Xingchen Li and Zijun Xu and Ming Qi and Congcong Wang and Chenwei Wang and Hai Lu and Xiaojun Nie and Ruirui Fan and Hantao Jing and Weiming Song and Keqi Wang and Kai Liu and Peilian Liu and Hui Li and Zaiyi Li and Chenxi Fu and Xiyuan Zhang and Xiaoshen Kang and Zhan Li and Weiguo Lu and Suyu Xiao and Xin Shi}, title = {{H}igh precision proton beam monitor system concept design on {CSNS} based on {S}i{C}}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2403.09244}, note = {arXiv:2403.09244v1} }
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A high precision beam monitor system based on silicon carbide PIN sensor is designed for China Spallation Neutron Source 1.6 GeV proton beam to monitor the proton beam fluence.The concept design of the beam monitor system is finished together with front-end electronics with silicon carbide PIN sensors, readout system and mechanical system.Several tests are performed to study the performance of each component of the system.The charge collection of the SiC PIN sensors after proton radiation is studied with 80 MeV proton beam for continuous running. Research on the performance of the front-end electronics and readout system is finished for better data acquisition.The uncertainty of proton beam fluence is below 1% in the beam monitor system.
Detecting Neutrinos from Supernova Bursts in PandaX-4T
Binyu Pang, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Chen Cheng, Zhaokan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Chencheng Han, Ke Han, Changda He, Jinrong He, et al (76)
Mar 12 2024 hep-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2403.06220v1

@misc{2403.06220, author = {Binyu Pang and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Chen Cheng and Zhaokan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Chencheng Han and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Junting Huang and Zhou Huang and Ruquan Hou and Yu Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Jiafu Li and Mingchuan Li and Shuaijie Li and Tao Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Congcong Lu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Yunyang Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Nasir Shaheed and Xiaofeng Shang and Xiyuan Shao and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Yuehuan Wei and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Yukun Yao and Chunxu Yu and Ying Yuan and Zhe Yuan and Xinning Zeng and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Shibo Zhang and Shu Zhang and Tao Zhang and Wei Zhang and Yang Zhang and Yingxin Zhang and Yuanyuan Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou and Yubo Zhou}, title = {{D}etecting {N}eutrinos from {S}upernova {B}ursts in {P}anda{X}-4{T}}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2403.06220}, note = {arXiv:2403.06220v1} }
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Neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae are essential for the understanding of neutrino physics and stellar evolution. The dual-phase xenon dark matter detectors can provide a way to track explosions of galactic supernovae by detecting neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatterings. In this study, a variation of progenitor masses as well as explosion models are assumed to predict the neutrino fluxes and spectra, which result in the number of expected neutrino events ranging from 6.6 to 13.7 at a distance of 10 kpc over a 10-second duration with negligible backgrounds at PandaX-4T. Two specialized triggering alarms for monitoring supernova burst neutrinos are built. The efficiency of detecting supernova explosions at various distances in the Milky Way is estimated. These alarms will be implemented in the real-time supernova monitoring system at PandaX-4T in the near future, providing the astronomical communities with supernova early warnings.
Signal Response Model in PandaX-4T
Yunyang Luo, Zihao Bo, Shibo Zhang, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Chen Cheng, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Zhaokan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Chencheng Han, Ke Han, et al (71)
Mar 08 2024 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2403.04239v3

@misc{2403.04239, author = {Yunyang Luo and Zihao Bo and Shibo Zhang and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Chen Cheng and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Zhaokan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Chencheng Han and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Jiafu Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Nasir Shaheed and Yue Meng and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Xiaofeng Shang and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Yuehuan Wei and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Zhe Yuan and Xinning Zeng and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Shu Zhang and Tao Zhang and Yingxin Zhang and Yuanyuan Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou and Yubo Zhou}, title = {{S}ignal {R}esponse {M}odel in {P}anda{X}-4{T}}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2403.04239}, note = {arXiv:2403.04239v3} }
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PandaX-4T experiment is a deep-underground dark matter direct search experiment that employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive volume containing 3.7 tonne of liquid xenon. The detector of PandaX-4T is capable of simultaneously collecting the primary scintillation and ionization signals, utilizing their ratio to discriminate dark matter signals from background sources such as gamma rays and beta particles. The signal response model plays a crucial role in interpreting the data obtained by PandaX-4T. It describes the conversion from the deposited energy by dark matter interactions to the detectable signals within the detector. The signal response model is utilized in various PandaX-4T results. This work provides a comprehensive description of the procedures involved in constructing and parameter-fitting the signal response model for the energy range of approximately 1 keV to 25 keV for electronic recoils and 6 keV to 90 keV for nuclear recoils. It also covers the signal reconstruction, selection, and correction methods, which are crucial components integrated into the signal response model.
Epitaxial rare-earth doped complex oxide thin films for infrared applications
Mythili Surendran, Joshua Rollag, Christopher E. Stevens, Ching-Tai Fu, Harish Kumarasubramanian, Zhe Wang, Darrell G. Schlom, Ricky Gibson, Joshua R. Hendrickson, Jayakanth Ravichandran
Feb 20 2024 physics.optics cond-mat.mtrl-sci arXiv:2402.12358v1

@misc{2402.12358, author = {Mythili Surendran and Joshua Rollag and Christopher E.~Stevens and Ching-Tai Fu and Harish Kumarasubramanian and Zhe Wang and Darrell G.~Schlom and Ricky Gibson and Joshua R.~Hendrickson and Jayakanth Ravichandran}, title = {{E}pitaxial rare-earth doped complex oxide thin films for infrared applications}, year = {2024}, eprint = {2402.12358}, note = {arXiv:2402.12358v1} }
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Rare earth dopants are one of the most extensively studied optical emission centers for a broad range of applications such as laser optoelectronics, sensing, lighting, and quantum information technologies due to their narrow optical linewidth and exceptional coherence properties. Epitaxial doped oxide thin films can serve as a promising and controlled host to investigate rare-earth dopants suitable for scalable quantum memories, on-chip lasers and amplifiers. Here, we report high-quality epitaxial thin films of Tm-doped CaZrO$_3$ grown by pulsed laser deposition for infrared optoelectronic and quantum memory applications. We perform extensive structural and chemical characterization to probe the crystallinity of the films and the doping behavior. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements show sharp radiative transitions in the short-wave infrared range of 1.75 - 2 \mu m.
Waveform Simulation in PandaX-4T
Jiafu Li, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Chen Cheng, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Zhaokan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Chencheng Han, Ke Han, Changda He, et al (71)
Dec 19 2023 hep-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2312.11072v3

@misc{2312.11072, author = {Jiafu Li and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Chen Cheng and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Zhaokan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Chencheng Han and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Yunyang Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Nasir Shaheed and Yue Meng and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Xiaofeng Shang and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Yuehuan Wei and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Zhe Yuan and Xinning Zeng and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Shibo Zhang and Shu Zhang and Tao Zhang and Yingxin Zhang and Yuanyuan Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou and Yubo Zhou}, title = {{W}aveform {S}imulation in {P}anda{X}-4{T}}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2312.11072}, howpublished = {Chin. Phys. C 48, no.7,073001 (2024)}, doi = {10.1088/1674-1137/ad380f}, note = {arXiv:2312.11072v3} }
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Signal reconstruction through software processing is a crucial component of the background and signal models in the PandaX-4T experiment, which is a multi-tonne dark matter direct search experiment. The accuracy of signal reconstruction is influenced by various detector artifacts, including noise, dark count of photomultiplier, impurity photoionization in the detector, and other relevant considerations. In this study, we present a detailed description of a semi-data-driven approach designed to simulate the signal waveform. This work provides a reliable model for the efficiency and bias of the signal reconstruction in the data analysis of PandaX-4T. By comparing critical variables which relate to the temporal shape and hit pattern of the signals, we demonstrate a good agreement between the simulation and data.
SOT-MRAM-Enabled Probabilistic Binary Neural Networks for Noise-Tolerant and Fast Training
Puyang Huang, Yu Gu, Chenyi Fu, Jiaqi Lu, Yiyao Zhu, Renhe Chen, Yongqi Hu, Yi Ding, Hongchao Zhang, Shiyang Lu, Shouzhong Peng, Weisheng Zhao, Xufeng Kou
Sep 15 2023 physics.app-ph arXiv:2309.07789v2

@misc{2309.07789, author = {Puyang Huang and Yu Gu and Chenyi Fu and Jiaqi Lu and Yiyao Zhu and Renhe Chen and Yongqi Hu and Yi Ding and Hongchao Zhang and Shiyang Lu and Shouzhong Peng and Weisheng Zhao and Xufeng Kou}, title = {{SOT}-{MRAM}-{E}nabled {P}robabilistic {B}inary {N}eural {N}etworks for {N}oise-{T}olerant and {F}ast {T}raining}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2309.07789}, note = {arXiv:2309.07789v2} }
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We report the use of spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) to implement a probabilistic binary neural network (PBNN) for resource-saving applications. The in-plane magnetized SOT (i-SOT) MRAM not only enables field-free magnetization switching with high endurance (> 10^11), but also hosts multiple stable probabilistic states with a low device-to-device variation (< 6.35%). Accordingly, the proposed PBNN outperforms other neural networks by achieving an 18* increase in training speed, while maintaining an accuracy above 97% under the write and read noise perturbations. Furthermore, by applying the binarization process with an additional SOT-MRAM dummy module, we demonstrate an on-chip MNIST inference performance close to the ideal baseline using our SOT-PBNN hardware.
Evolution of Maximum Bending Strain on Poisson's Ratio Distribution
Yang Li, Le Zhang, Dehua Wang, Limei Hou, Shanmei Du, Yang Deng, Yanfeng Du, Yingfei Xin, Chongyang Fu, Yan Gu, Xiaoxiong Wang
Sep 06 2023 cond-mat.soft physics.app-ph arXiv:2309.01642v1

@misc{2309.01642, author = {Yang Li and Le Zhang and Dehua Wang and Limei Hou and Shanmei Du and Yang Deng and Yanfeng Du and Yingfei Xin and Chongyang Fu and Yan Gu and Xiaoxiong Wang}, title = {{E}volution of {M}aximum {B}ending {S}train on {P}oisson's {R}atio {D}istribution}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2309.01642}, note = {arXiv:2309.01642v1} }
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In recent years, new flexible functional materials have attracted increasing interest, but there is a lack of the designing mechanisms of flexibility design with superstructures. In traditional engineering mechanics, the maximum bending strain (MBS) was considered universal for describing the bendable properties of a given material, leading to the universal designing method of lowering the dimension such as thin membranes designed flexible functional materials.In this work, the MBS was found only applicable for materials with uniformly distributed Poisson's ratio, while the MBS increases with the thickness of the given material in case there is a variation Poisson's ratio in different areas. This means the MBS can be enhanced by certain Poisson's ratio design in the future to achieve better flexibility of thick materials. Here, the inorganic freestanding nanofiber membranes, which have a nonconstant Poisson's ratio response on stress/strain for creating nonuniformly distributed Poisson's ratio were proven applicable for designing larger MBS and lower Young's modulus for thicker samples.
Artificial Intelligence for Science in Quantum, Atomistic, and Continuum Systems
Xuan Zhang, Limei Wang, Jacob Helwig, Youzhi Luo, Cong Fu, Yaochen Xie, Meng Liu, Yuchao Lin, Zhao Xu, Keqiang Yan, Keir Adams, Maurice Weiler, Xiner Li, Tianfan Fu, Yucheng Wang, Haiyang Yu, YuQing Xie, Xiang Fu, Alex Strasser, Shenglong Xu, et al (43)
Jul 18 2023 cs.LG physics.comp-ph arXiv:2307.08423v3

@misc{2307.08423, author = {Xuan Zhang and Limei Wang and Jacob Helwig and Youzhi Luo and Cong Fu and Yaochen Xie and Meng Liu and Yuchao Lin and Zhao Xu and Keqiang Yan and Keir Adams and Maurice Weiler and Xiner Li and Tianfan Fu and Yucheng Wang and Haiyang Yu and YuQing Xie and Xiang Fu and Alex Strasser and Shenglong Xu and Yi Liu and Yuanqi Du and Alexandra Saxton and Hongyi Ling and Hannah Lawrence and Hannes Stärk and Shurui Gui and Carl Edwards and Nicholas Gao and Adriana Ladera and Tailin Wu and Elyssa F.~Hofgard and Aria Mansouri Tehrani and Rui Wang and Ameya Daigavane and Montgomery Bohde and Jerry Kurtin and Qian Huang and Tuong Phung and Minkai Xu and Chaitanya K.~Joshi and Simon V.~Mathis and Kamyar Azizzadenesheli and Ada Fang and Alán Aspuru-Guzik and Erik Bekkers and Michael Bronstein and Marinka Zitnik and Anima Anandkumar and Stefano Ermon and Pietro Liò and Rose Yu and Stephan Günnemann and Jure Leskovec and Heng Ji and Jimeng Sun and Regina Barzilay and Tommi Jaakkola and Connor W.~Coley and Xiaoning Qian and Xiaofeng Qian and Tess Smidt and Shuiwang Ji}, title = {{A}rtificial {I}ntelligence for {S}cience in {Q}uantum, {A}tomistic, and {C}ontinuum {S}ystems}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2307.08423}, note = {arXiv:2307.08423v3} }
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Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are fueling a new paradigm of discoveries in natural sciences. Today, AI has started to advance natural sciences by improving, accelerating, and enabling our understanding of natural phenomena at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, giving rise to a new area of research known as AI for science (AI4Science). Being an emerging research paradigm, AI4Science is unique in that it is an enormous and highly interdisciplinary area. Thus, a unified and technical treatment of this field is needed yet challenging. This work aims to provide a technically thorough account of a subarea of AI4Science; namely, AI for quantum, atomistic, and continuum systems. These areas aim at understanding the physical world from the subatomic (wavefunctions and electron density), atomic (molecules, proteins, materials, and interactions), to macro (fluids, climate, and subsurface) scales and form an important subarea of AI4Science. A unique advantage of focusing on these areas is that they largely share a common set of challenges, thereby allowing a unified and foundational treatment. A key common challenge is how to capture physics first principles, especially symmetries, in natural systems by deep learning methods. We provide an in-depth yet intuitive account of techniques to achieve equivariance to symmetry transformations. We also discuss other common technical challenges, including explainability, out-of-distribution generalization, knowledge transfer with foundation and large language models, and uncertainty quantification. To facilitate learning and education, we provide categorized lists of resources that we found to be useful. We strive to be thorough and unified and hope this initial effort may trigger more community interests and efforts to further advance AI4Science.
A Cluster-Based Computational Thermodynamics Framework with Intrinsic Chemical Short-Range Order: Part I. Configurational Contribution
Chu-Liang Fu, Rajendra Prasad Gorrey, Bi-Cheng Zhou
Jun 28 2023 cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.chem-ph arXiv:2306.15384v2

@misc{2306.15384, author = {Chu-Liang Fu and Rajendra Prasad Gorrey and Bi-Cheng Zhou}, title = {{A} {C}luster-{B}ased {C}omputational {T}hermodynamics {F}ramework with {I}ntrinsic {C}hemical {S}hort-{R}ange {O}rder: {P}art {I}. {C}onfigurational {C}ontribution}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2306.15384}, note = {arXiv:2306.15384v2} }
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Exploiting Chemical Short-Range Order (CSRO) is a promising avenue for manipulating the properties of alloys. However, existing modeling frameworks are not sufficient to predict CSRO in multicomponent alloys (>3 components) in an efficient and reliable manner. In this work, we developed a hybrid computational thermodynamics framework by combining unique advantages from Cluster Variation Method (CVM) and CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) method. The key is to decompose the cumbersome cluster variables in CVM into fewer site variables of the basic cluster using the Fowler-Yang-Li (FYL) transform, which considerably reduces the number of variables that must be minimized for multicomponent systems. CSRO is incorporated into CALPHAD with a novel cluster-based solution model called FYL-CVM. This new framework brings more physics into CALPHAD while maintaining its practicality and achieves a good balance between accuracy and computational cost. It leverages statistical mechanics to yield a more physical description of configurational entropy and opens the door to cluster-based CALPHAD database development. The application of the FYL-CVM model in a prototype fcc AB alloy demonstrates its capability to correctly reproduce the essential features of the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties. The hybrid CVM-CALPHAD framework represents a new methodology for thermodynamic modeling that enables atomic-scale order to be exploited for materials design.
Design and simulation of a novel 4H-SiC LGAD timing device
Keqi Wang, Tao Yang, Chenxi Fu, Li Gong, Songting Jiang, Xiaoshen Kang, Zaiyi Li, Hangrui ShiXin Shi, Weimin Song, Congcong Wang, Suyu Xiao, Zijun Xu, Xiyuan Zhang
Jun 19 2023 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2306.09576v1

@misc{2306.09576, author = {Keqi Wang and Tao Yang and Chenxi Fu and Li Gong and Songting Jiang and Xiaoshen Kang and Zaiyi Li and Hangrui ShiXin Shi and Weimin Song and Congcong Wang and Suyu Xiao and Zijun Xu and Xiyuan Zhang}, title = {{D}esign and simulation of a novel 4{H}-{S}i{C} {LGAD} timing device}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2306.09576}, note = {arXiv:2306.09576v1} }
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Silicon-based fast time detectors have been widely used in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space exploration and other fields in recent years. However, silicon detectors often require complex low-temperature systems when operating in irradiation environment, and their detection performance decrease with the increase of irradiation dose. Compared with silicon, silicon carbide (SiC) has a wider bandgap, higher atomic displacement energy, saturated electron drift velocity and thermal conductivity. Simultaneously, the low gain avalanche detector avoids crosstalk and high noise from high multiplication due to its moderate gain, and thus can maintain a high detector signal without increasing noise. Thus, the 4H-SiC particle detector, especially the low gain avalanche detector has the potential to detect the minimal ionized particles (MIPs) under extreme irradiation and high temperature environments. In this work, the emphasis was placed on the design of a 4H-SiC Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD), especially the epitaxial structure and technical process which played the main roles. In addition, a simulation tool--RASER(RAdiation SEmiconductoR) was developed to simulate the performances including the electrical properties and time resolution of the 4H-SiC LGAD we proposed. The working voltage and gain effectiveness of the LGAD were verified by the simulation of electrical performances. The time resolution of the LGAD is (35.0 $\pm$ 0.2) ps under the electrical field of -800 V, which is better than that of the 4H-SiC PIN detector.
Machine learning method for $^{12}$C event classification and reconstruction in the active target time-projection chamber
Huangkai Wu, Youjing Wang, Yumiao Wang, Xiangai Deng, Xiguang Cao, Deqing Fang, Weihu Ma, Hongwei Wang, Wanbing He, Changbo Fu, Yugang Ma
Apr 27 2023 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2304.13233v2

@misc{2304.13233, author = {Huangkai Wu and Youjing Wang and Yumiao Wang and Xiangai Deng and Xiguang Cao and Deqing Fang and Weihu Ma and Hongwei Wang and Wanbing He and Changbo Fu and Yugang Ma}, title = {{M}achine learning method for $^{12}${C} event classification and reconstruction in the active target time-projection chamber}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2304.13233}, note = {arXiv:2304.13233v2} }
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Active target time projection chambers are important tools in low energy radioactive ion beams or gamma rays related researches. In this work, we present the application of machine learning methods to the analysis of data obtained from an active target time projection chamber. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of Visual Geometry Group (VGG) and the Residual neural Network (ResNet) models for event classification and reconstruction in decays from the excited $2^+_2$ state in $^{12}$C Hoyle rotation band. The results show that machine learning methods are effective in identifying $^{12}$C events from the background noise, with ResNet-34 achieving an impressive precision of 0.99 on simulation data, and the best performing event reconstruction model ResNet-18 providing an energy resolution of $\sigma_E<77$ keV and an angular reconstruction deviation of $\sigma_{\theta}<0.1$ rad. The promising results suggest that the ResNet model trained on Monte Carlo samples could be used for future classifying and predicting experimental data in active target time projection chambers related experiments.
Twelve-crystal prototype of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments
CUPID, CROSS collaborations, K. Alfonso, A. Armatol, C. Augier, F.T. Avignone III, O. Azzolini, M. Balata, I.C. Bandac, A.S. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, V. Berest, M. Beretta, M. Bettelli, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, et al (164)
Apr 11 2023 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2304.04611v1

@misc{2304.04611, author = {CUPID and CROSS collaborations and K.~Alfonso and A.~Armatol and C.~Augier and F.T.~Avignone III and O.~Azzolini and M.~Balata and I.C.~Bandac and A.S.~Barabash and G.~Bari and A.~Barresi and D.~Baudin and F.~Bellini and G.~Benato and V.~Berest and M.~Beretta and M.~Bettelli and M.~Biassoni and J.~Billard and V.~Boldrini and A.~Branca and C.~Brofferio and C.~Bucci and J.M.~Calvo-Mozota and J.~Camilleri and A.~Campani and C.~Capelli and S.~Capelli and L.~Cappelli and L.~Cardani and P.~Carniti and N.~Casali and E.~Celi and C.~Chang and D.~Chiesa and M.~Clemenza and I.~Colantoni and S.~Copello and E.~Craft and O.~Cremonesi and R.J.~Creswick and A.~Cruciani and A.~D'Addabbo and G.~D'Imperio and S.~Dabagov and I.~Dafinei and F.A.~Danevich and M.~De Jesus and P.~de Marcillac and S.~Dell'Oro and S.~Di Domizio and S.~Di Lorenzo and T.~Dixon and V.~Dompé and A.~Drobizhev and L.~Dumoulin and G.~Fantini and M.~Faverzani and E.~Ferri and F.~Ferri and F.~Ferroni and E.~Figueroa-Feliciano and L.~Foggetta and J.~Formaggio and A.~Franceschi and C.~Fu and S.~Fu and B.K.~Fujikawa and A.~Gallas and J.~Gascon and S.~Ghislandi and A.~Giachero and A.~Gianvecchio and M.~Girola and L.~Gironi and A.~Giuliani and P.~Gorla and C.~Gotti and C.~Grant and P.~Gras and P.V.~Guillaumon and T.D.~Gutierrez and K.~Han and E.V.~Hansen and K.M.~Heeger and D.L.~Helis and H.Z.~Huang and A.~Ianni and L.~Imbert and J.~Johnston and A.~Juillard and G.~Karapetrov and G.~Keppel and H.~Khalife and V.V.~Kobychev and Yu.G.~Kolomensky and S.I.~Konovalov and R.~Kowalski and T.~Langford and M.~Lefevre and R.~Liu and Y.~Liu and P.~Loaiza and L.~Ma and M.~Madhukuttan and F.~Mancarella and C.A.~Marrache-Kikuchi and L.~Marini and S.~Marnieros and M.~Martinez and R.H.~Maruyama and Ph.~Mas and D.~Mayer and G.~Mazzitelli and Y.~Mei and S.~Milana and S.~Morganti and T.~Napolitano and M.~Nastasi and J.~Nikkel and S.~Nisi and C.~Nones and E.B.~Norman and V.~Novosad and I.~Nutini and T.~O'Donnell and E.~Olivieri and M.~Olmi and J.L.~Ouellet and S.~Pagan and C.~Pagliarone and L.~Pagnanini and L.~Pattavina and M.~Pavan and H.~Peng and G.~Pessina and V.~Pettinacci and C.~Pira and S.~Pirro and D.V.~Poda and O.G.~Polischuk and I.~Ponce and S.~Pozzi and E.~Previtali and A.~Puiu and S.~Quitadamo and A.~Ressa and R.~Rizzoli and C.~Rosenfeld and P.~Rosier and J.A.~Scarpaci and B.~Schmidt and V.~Sharma and V.N.~Shlegel and V.~Singh and M.~Sisti and P.~Slocum and D.~Speller and P.T.~Surukuchi and L.~Taffarello and C.~Tomei and J.A.~Torres and V.I.~Tretyak and A.~Tsymbaliuk and M.~Velazquez and K.J.~Vetter and S.L.~Wagaarachchi and G.~Wang and L.~Wang and R.~Wang and B.~Welliver and J.~Wilson and K.~Wilson and L.A.~Winslow and M.~Xue and L.~Yan and J.~Yang and V.~Yefremenko and V.I.~Umatov and M.M.~Zarytskyy and J.~Zhang and A.~Zolotarova and S.~Zucchelli}, title = {{T}welve-crystal prototype of {L}i$_2${M}o{O}$_4$ scintillating bolometers for {CUPID} and {CROSS} experiments}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2304.04611}, note = {arXiv:2304.04611v1} }
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An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, $\mu$Bq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra.
A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat
CUPID collaboration, K. Alfonso, A. Armatol, C. Augier, F.T. Avignone III, O. Azzolini, M. Balata, A.S. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, V. Berest, M. Beretta, M. Bettelli, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, et al (159)
Apr 11 2023 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2304.04674v1

@misc{2304.04674, author = {CUPID collaboration and K.~Alfonso and A.~Armatol and C.~Augier and F.T.~Avignone III and O.~Azzolini and M.~Balata and A.S.~Barabash and G.~Bari and A.~Barresi and D.~Baudin and F.~Bellini and G.~Benato and V.~Berest and M.~Beretta and M.~Bettelli and M.~Biassoni and J.~Billard and V.~Boldrini and A.~Branca and C.~Brofferio and C.~Bucci and J.~Camilleri and A.~Campani and C.~Capelli and S.~Capelli and L.~Cappelli and L.~Cardani and P.~Carniti and N.~Casali and E.~Celi and C.~Chang and D.~Chiesa and M.~Clemenza and I.~Colantoni and S.~Copello and E.~Craft and O.~Cremonesi and R.J.~Creswick and A.~Cruciani and A.~D'Addabbo and G.~D'Imperio and S.~Dabagov and I.~Dafinei and F.A.~Danevich and M.~De Jesus and P.~de Marcillac and S.~Dell'Oro and S.~Di Domizio and S.~Di Lorenzo and T.~Dixon and V.~Dompé and A.~Drobizhev and L.~Dumoulin and G.~Fantini and M.~Faverzani and E.~Ferri and F.~Ferri and F.~Ferroni and E.~Figueroa-Feliciano and L.~Foggetta and J.~Formaggio and A.~Franceschi and C.~Fu and S.~Fu and B.K.~Fujikawa and A.~Gallas and J.~Gascon and S.~Ghislandi and A.~Giachero and A.~Gianvecchio and M.~Girola and L.~Gironi and A.~Giuliani and P.~Gorla and C.~Gotti and C.~Grant and P.~Gras and P.V.~Guillaumon and T.D.~Gutierrez and K.~Han and E.V.~Hansen and K.M.~Heeger and D.L.~Helis and H.Z.~Huang and L.~Imbert and J.~Johnston and A.~Juillard and G.~Karapetrov and G.~Keppel and H.~Khalife and V.V.~Kobychev and Yu.G.~Kolomensky and S.I.~Konovalov and R.~Kowalski and T.~Langford and M.~Lefevre and R.~Liu and Y.~Liu and P.~Loaiza and L.~Ma and M.~Madhukuttan and F.~Mancarella and L.~Marini and S.~Marnieros and M.~Martinez and R.H.~Maruyama and Ph.~Mas and D.~Mayer and G.~Mazzitelli and Y.~Mei and S.~Milana and S.~Morganti and T.~Napolitano and M.~Nastasi and J.~Nikkel and S.~Nisi and C.~Nones and E.B.~Norman and V.~Novosad and I.~Nutini and T.~O'Donnell and E.~Olivieri and M.~Olmi and J.L.~Ouellet and S.~Pagan and C.~Pagliarone and L.~Pagnanini and L.~Pattavina and M.~Pavan and H.~Peng and G.~Pessina and V.~Pettinacci and C.~Pira and S.~Pirro and D.V.~Poda and O.G.~Polischuk and I.~Ponce and S.~Pozzi and E.~Previtali and A.~Puiu and S.~Quitadamo and A.~Ressa and R.~Rizzoli and C.~Rosenfeld and P.~Rosier and J.A.~Scarpaci and B.~Schmidt and V.~Sharma and V.N.~Shlegel and V.~Singh and M.~Sisti and P.~Slocum and D.~Speller and P.T.~Surukuchi and L.~Taffarello and C.~Tomei and J.A.~Torres and V.I.~Tretyak and A.~Tsymbaliuk and M.~Velazquez and K.J.~Vetter and S.L.~Wagaarachchi and G.~Wang and L.~Wang and R.~Wang and B.~Welliver and J.~Wilson and K.~Wilson and L.A.~Winslow and M.~Xue and L.~Yan and J.~Yang and V.~Yefremenko and V.I.~Umatov and M.M.~Zarytskyy and J.~Zhang and A.~Zolotarova and S.~Zucchelli}, title = {{A} first test of {CUPID} prototypal light detectors with {NTD}-{G}e sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2304.04674}, note = {arXiv:2304.04674v1} }
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CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ~250 kg of isotopic mass of $^{100}$Mo. It will operate at $\sim$10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70--90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained outstanding energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a $^{133}$Ba source with one light detector achieving 0.71(5) keV FWHM, which is -- to our knowledge -- the best ever obtained when compared to $\gamma$ detectors of any technology in this energy range.
Electric Field Measurement by Edge Transient Current Technique on Silicon Low Gain Avalanche Detector
Chenxi Fu, Haobo Wang, Tao Yang, Zijun Xu, Congcong Wang, Jianing Lin, Weimin Song, Ryuta Kiuchi, Xiaoshen Kang, Xin Shi, Suyu Xiao
Feb 21 2023 physics.ins-det arXiv:2302.10020v2

@misc{2302.10020, author = {Chenxi Fu and Haobo Wang and Tao Yang and Zijun Xu and Congcong Wang and Jianing Lin and Weimin Song and Ryuta Kiuchi and Xiaoshen Kang and Xin Shi and Suyu Xiao}, title = {{E}lectric {F}ield {M}easurement by {E}dge {T}ransient {C}urrent {T}echnique on {S}ilicon {L}ow {G}ain {A}valanche {D}etector}, year = {2023}, eprint = {2302.10020}, note = {arXiv:2302.10020v2} }
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A novel methodology, named the diffusion profile method, is proposed in this research to measure the electric field of a low gain avalanche detector (LGAD).The proposed methodology utilizes the maximum of the time derivative of the edge transient current technique (edge-TCT) test waveform to quantify the dispersion of the light-induced carriers. This method introduces the estimation of the elongation of the carrier cluster caused by diffusion and the divergence of the electric field force during its drift along the detector. The effectiveness of the diffusion profile method is demonstrated through the analysis of both simulated and measured edge-TCT waveforms. Experimental data was collected from a laser scan performed on an LGAD detector along its thickness direction.A simulation procedure has been developed in RASER (RAdiation SEmiconductoR) to generate signals from LGAD.An assumption of immediate one-step carrier multiplication is introduced to simplify the avalanche process.Simulation results were compared with transient current data at the waveform level and showed a favorable match. Both simulation and experimental results have shown that the diffusion profile method could be applied to certain edge-TCT facilities as an alternative of electric field measurement.
Enhanced piezoelectric response of AlN via alloying of transitional metals, and influence of type and distribution of transition metals
Xian-Hu Zha, Xiufang Ma, Jing-Ting Luo, Chen Fu
Nov 16 2022 cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.comp-ph arXiv:2211.07870v1

@misc{2211.07870, author = {Xian-Hu Zha and Xiufang Ma and Jing-Ting Luo and Chen Fu}, title = {{E}nhanced piezoelectric response of {A}l{N} via alloying of transitional metals, and influence of type and distribution of transition metals}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2211.07870}, note = {arXiv:2211.07870v1} }
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Aluminum nitride (AlN) is an important piezoelectric material for a wide range of applications, many efforts are devoted to improving its piezoelectric response by alloying with transition metals (TMs). In this paper, the influence of the type and distribution of TM on the piezoelectric response is discussed for the first time. TM0.0625Al0.9375N with twenty-eight different TMs are investigated, and most show higher values of piezoelectric strain modulus d33 than that of AlN. This is because the TM introduces weaker TM-N bonds and locates closer to the centre of three neighbouring N atoms. The location of TM is determined to be significantly correlated with its group number. Alloys of TMxAl1-xN (TM=Sc, Cr, Sr, Mo, Ru and Rh) with varying x are further studied. On basis of the cost of the TMs and piezoelectric performances, the alloy with Mo is more effective in enhancing d33. A high d33 of 12.3 times that of pure AlN is realized in a metastable configuration of Mo0.167Al0.833N. The distribution of Mo plays a key role in the piezoelectric performance. A higher d33 is more likely to appear in MoxAl1-xN with more Al sublayers containing Mo atoms and with fewer dimers of Mo atoms along the z-axis.
$B\rho$-defined isochronous mass spectrometry: a new approach for high-precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclei
M. Wang, M. Zhang, X. Zhou, Y. H. Zhang, Yu. A. Litvinov, H. S. Xu, R. J. Chen, H. Y. Deng, C. Y. Fu, W. W. Ge, H. F. Li, T. Liao, S. A. Litvinov, P. Shuai, J. Y. Shi, M. Si, R. S. Sidhu, Y. N. Song, M. Z. Sun, S. Suzuki, et al (9)
Nov 04 2022 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2211.01655v1

@misc{2211.01655, author = {M.~Wang and M.~Zhang and X.~Zhou and Y.~H.~Zhang and Yu.~A.~Litvinov and H.~S.~Xu and R.~J.~Chen and H.~Y.~Deng and C.~Y.~Fu and W.~W.~Ge and H.~F.~Li and T.~Liao and S.~A.~Litvinov and P.~Shuai and J.~Y.~Shi and M.~Si and R.~S.~Sidhu and Y.~N.~Song and M.~Z.~Sun and S.~Suzuki and Q.~Wang and Y.~M.~Xing and X.~Xu and T.~Yamaguchi and X.~L.~Yan and J.~C.~Yang and Y.~J.~Yuan and Q.~Zeng and X.~H.~Zhou}, title = {${B}\rho$-defined isochronous mass spectrometry: a new approach for high-precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclei}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2211.01655}, howpublished = {Physical Review C 106, L051301 (2022)}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.106.L051301}, note = {arXiv:2211.01655v1} }
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A novel technique for broadband high-precision mass measurements of short-lived exotic nuclides is reported. It is based on the isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) and realizes simultaneous determinations of revolution time and velocity of short-lived stored ions at the cooler storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou. The new technique, named as the $B\rho$-defined IMS or $B\rho$-IMS, boosts the efficiency, sensitivity, and accuracy of mass measurements, and is applied here to measure masses of neutron-deficient $fp$-shell nuclides. In a single accelerator setting, masses of $^{46}$Cr, $^{50}$Fe and $^{54}$Ni are determined with relative uncertainties of (5~-~6)$\times10^{-8}$, thereby improving the input data for testing the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix. This is the technique of choice for future high-precision measurements of the most rarely produced shortest-lived nuclides.
High-energy-density plasma in femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array targets for nuclear reactions
Defeng Kong, Guoqiang Zhang, Yinren Shou, Shirui Xu, Zhusong Mei, Zhengxuan Cao, Zhuo Pan, Pengjie Wang, Guijun Qi, Jiarui Zhao, Yanying Zhao, Yao Lou, Zhiguo Ma, Haoyang Lan, Wenzhao Wang, Yunhui Li, Peter Rubovic, Martin Veselsky, Aldo Bonasera, Changbo Fu, et al (4)
Sep 13 2022 physics.plasm-ph arXiv:2209.04990v1

@misc{2209.04990, author = {Defeng Kong and Guoqiang Zhang and Yinren Shou and Shirui Xu and Zhusong Mei and Zhengxuan Cao and Zhuo Pan and Pengjie Wang and Guijun Qi and Jiarui Zhao and Yanying Zhao and Yao Lou and Zhiguo Ma and Haoyang Lan and Wenzhao Wang and Yunhui Li and Peter Rubovic and Martin Veselsky and Aldo Bonasera and Changbo Fu and Wen Luo and Yugang Ma and Xueqing Yan and Wenjun Ma}, title = {{H}igh-energy-density plasma in femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array targets for nuclear reactions}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2209.04990}, note = {arXiv:2209.04990v1} }
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In this work, the high-energy-density plasmas (HEDP) evolved from joule-class-femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array (NWA) targets are numerically and experimentally studied. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations indicate that ions accelerated in the sheath field around the nanowires' surface were eventually confined in NWA plasma, contributing most to the high energy densities. The protons emitted from the front surface of targets provide rich information about the interaction. The electron and ion energy densities in a broad target parameter range are given. Compared to planar targets, the ion energy density is one order of magnitude higher, and the volume of the HEDP is several-fold larger. At optimal target parameters, 8% of the laser energy can be converted to confined protons and results in ion energy densities of up to GJ/cm3 level. Experimental measurements of the emitted ions and neutrons from 2H(d, n)3He fusion from polyethylene and deuterated polyethylene NWA targets confirm the above results.
Design and Operation of the PandaX-4T High Speed Ultra-high Purity Xenon Recuperation System
Zhou Wang, Wenbo Ma, Tao Zhang, Li Zhao, Shuaijie Li, Xiangyi Cui, Jianglai Liu, Changbo Fu, Yonglin Ju, Qing Lin, Xiaohua Chen, Xun Chen, Xiuli Wang
Jul 27 2022 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2207.12632v2

@misc{2207.12632, author = {Zhou Wang and Wenbo Ma and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Shuaijie Li and Xiangyi Cui and Jianglai Liu and Changbo Fu and Yonglin Ju and Qing Lin and Xiaohua Chen and Xun Chen and Xiuli Wang}, title = {{D}esign and {O}peration of the {P}anda{X}-4{T} {H}igh {S}peed {U}ltra-high {P}urity {X}enon {R}ecuperation {S}ystem}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2207.12632}, note = {arXiv:2207.12632v2} }
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In order to recuperate the ultra-high purity xenon from PandaX-4T dark matter detector to high-pressure gas cylinders in emergency or at the end-of-run situation, a high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system is designed and developed. This system includes a diaphragm pump, the heat management system, the main recuperation pipeline, the reflux pipeline, the auxiliary recuperation pipeline and the automatic control system. The liquid xenon in the detector is vaporized by the heat management system, and the gaseous xenon is compressed to 6 MPa at the flow rate of 200 standard litres per minute (SLPM) using the diaphragm compressor. The high-pressure xenon is filled into 128 gas cylinders via the main recuperation pipeline. During the recuperation, the low pressure and temperature conditions of 2 ~ 3 atmospheres and 178 ~ 186.5 K in PandaX-4T dark matter detector are kept by the cooperation of the main recuperation pipeline, reflux pipeline and the auxiliary recuperation pipeline to guarantee the safety, and the purity of the recuperated xenon gas is measured to ensure no contamination happened. The development of the high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system is important for the operation of large-scale dark matter detectors with the requirements of strict temperature and pressure environment and low background.
Manipulation of Nuclear Isomers with Lasers: Mechanisms and Prospects
Zhiguo Ma, Changbo Fu, Wanbing He, Yugang Ma
Jun 28 2022 nucl-ex physics.plasm-ph arXiv:2206.12723v1

@misc{2206.12723, author = {Zhiguo Ma and Changbo Fu and Wanbing He and Yugang Ma}, title = {{M}anipulation of {N}uclear {I}somers with {L}asers: {M}echanisms and {P}rospects}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2206.12723}, doi = {10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.020}, note = {arXiv:2206.12723v1} }
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Over one hundred years have passed since the nuclear isomer was first introduced, in analogy with chemical isomers to describe long-lived excited nuclear states. In 1921, Otto Hahn discovered the first nuclear isomer $^{234m}$Pa. After that, step by step, it was realized that different types of nuclear isomers exist, including spin isomer, K isomer, seniority isomers, and ``shape and fission'' isomer. The spin isomer occurs when the spin change $\Delta I$ of a transition is very large. The larger $\Delta I$, the lower the electromagnetic transition rates, the longer the half-lives. The K-isomer exists due to the significant change in K, where K is the projection of the total angular momentum on the symmetry axis. The seniority isomers arise due to a very small transition probability in seniority conserving transitions around semi-magic nuclei, where the seniority, which corresponds to the number of unpaired nucleons, is a reasonably pure quantum number. For a so-called shape isomer, the inhibition of the decay transition comes from the associated shape changes. It is caused by that a nucleus is trapped in a deformed shape which is its secondary minimum and is hard to decay back to its ground state.
Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background in the PandaX-4T experiment
Zhou Huang, Guofang Shen, Qiuhong Wang, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Yunshan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Chencheng Han, et al (60)
Jun 14 2022 hep-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2206.06087v2

@misc{2206.06087, author = {Zhou Huang and Guofang Shen and Qiuhong Wang and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Yunshan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Chencheng Han and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Nasir Shaheed and Changsong Shang and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou}, title = {{N}eutron-induced nuclear recoil background in the {P}anda{X}-4{T} experiment}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2206.06087}, doi = {10.1088/1674-1137/ac8539}, note = {arXiv:2206.06087v2} }
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Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to the dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. This paper studies the feature of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluates their contribution in the single scattering nuclear recoil events through three methods. The first method is fully Monte Carlo simulation based. The last two are data-driven methods that also use the multiple scattering signals and high energy signals in the data, respectively. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data with an exposure of 0.63 tonne-year, all these methods give a consistent result that there are $1.15\pm0.57$ neutron-induced background in dark matter signal region within an approximated nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV.
Study of background from accidental coincidence signals in the PandaX-II experiment
PandaX-II Collaboration, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Di Huang, Yan Huang, Yanlin Huang, et al (46)
Apr 26 2022 hep-ex physics.data-an physics.ins-det arXiv:2204.11175v2

@misc{2204.11175, author = {PandaX-II Collaboration and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Di Huang and Yan Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Shuaijie Li and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ning and Xuyang Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Lin Si and Guofang Shen and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Xinning Zeng and Dan Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{S}tudy of background from accidental coincidence signals in the {P}anda{X}-{II} experiment}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2204.11175}, doi = {10.1088/1674-1137/ac7cd8}, note = {arXiv:2204.11175v2} }
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The PandaX-II experiment employed a 580kg liquid xenon detector to search for the interactions between dark matter particles and the target xenon atoms. The accidental coincidences of isolated signals result in a dangerous background which mimic the signature of the dark matter. We performed a detailed study on the accidental coincidence background in PandaX-II, including the possible origin of the isolated signals, the background level and corresponding background suppression method. With a boosted-decision-tree algorithm, the accidental coincidence background is reduced by 70% in the dark matter signal region, thus the sensitivity of dark matter search at PandaX-II is improved.
Laser plasma accelerated ultra-intense electron beam for efficiently exciting nuclear isomers
Jie Feng, YaoJun Li, JunHao Tan, WenZhao Wang, YiFei Li, XiaoPeng Zhang, Yue Meng, XuLei Ge, Feng Liu, WenChao Yan, ChangBo Fu, LiMing Chen, Jie Zhang
Mar 15 2022 physics.plasm-ph arXiv:2203.06454v1

@misc{2203.06454, author = {Jie Feng and YaoJun Li and JunHao Tan and WenZhao Wang and YiFei Li and XiaoPeng Zhang and Yue Meng and XuLei Ge and Feng Liu and WenChao Yan and ChangBo Fu and LiMing Chen and Jie Zhang}, title = {{L}aser plasma accelerated ultra-intense electron beam for efficiently exciting nuclear isomers}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2203.06454}, note = {arXiv:2203.06454v1} }
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Utilizing laser plasma wakefield to accelerate ultra-high charge electron beam is critical for many pioneering applications, for example to efficiently produce nuclear isomers with short lifetimes which may be widely used. However, because of the beam loading effect, electron charge in a single plasma bubble is limited in level of hundreds picocoulomb. Here, we experimentally present that a hundred kilo-ampere, twenty nanocoulomb, tens of MeV collimated electron beam is produced from a chain of wakefield acceleration, via a tightly focused intense laser pulse transversely matched in dense plasma. This ultra-intense electron beam ascribes to a novel efficient injection that the nitrogen atom inner shell electrons are ionized and continuously injected into multiple plasma bubbles. This intense electron beam has been utilized to exciting nuclear isomers with an ultra-high peak efficiency of $1.76\times10^{15}$ particles/s via photonuclear reactions. This efficient production method of isomers can be widely used for pumping isotopes with excited state lifetimes down to picosecond, which is benefit for deep understanding nuclear transition mechanisms and stimulating gamma-ray lasers.
Low-dose CT reconstruction by self-supervised learning in the projection domain
Long Zhou, Xiaozhuang Wang, Min Hou, Ping Li, Chunlong Fu, Yanjun Ren, Tingting Shao, Xi Hu, Jihong Sun, Hongwei Ye
Mar 15 2022 physics.med-ph arXiv:2203.06824v1

@misc{2203.06824, author = {Long Zhou and Xiaozhuang Wang and Min Hou and Ping Li and Chunlong Fu and Yanjun Ren and Tingting Shao and Xi Hu and Jihong Sun and Hongwei Ye}, title = {{L}ow-dose {CT} reconstruction by self-supervised learning in the projection domain}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2203.06824}, note = {arXiv:2203.06824v1} }
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In the intention of minimizing excessive X-ray radiation administration to patients, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has become a distinct trend in radiology. However, while lowering the radiation dose reduces the risk to the patient, it also increases noise and artifacts, compromising image quality and clinical diagnosis. In most supervised learning methods, paired CT images are required, but such images are unlikely to be available in the clinic. We present a self-supervised learning model (Noise2Projection) that fully exploits the raw projection images to reduce noise and improve the quality of reconstructed LDCT images. Unlike existing self-supervised algorithms, the proposed method only requires noisy CT projection images and reduces noise by exploiting the correlation between nearby projection images. We trained and tested the model using clinical data and the quantitative and qualitative results suggest that our model can effectively reduce LDCT image noise while also drastically removing artifacts in LDCT images.
New Constraints on Exotic Spin-Velocity-Dependent Interactions
Kai Wei, Wei Ji, Changbo Fu, Arne Wickenbrock, Jiancheng Fang, Victor Flambaum, Dmitry Budker
Mar 15 2022 physics.atom-ph astro-ph.HE hep-ex arXiv:2203.07050v1

@misc{2203.07050, author = {Kai Wei and Wei Ji and Changbo Fu and Arne Wickenbrock and Jiancheng Fang and Victor Flambaum and Dmitry Budker}, title = {{N}ew {C}onstraints on {E}xotic {S}pin-{V}elocity-{D}ependent {I}nteractions}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2203.07050}, note = {arXiv:2203.07050v1} }
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Experimental searches for new, "fifth" forces are attracting a lot of attention because they allow to test theoretical extensions to the standard model. Here, we report a new experimental search for possible fifth forces, specifically spin-and-velocity dependent forces, by using a K-Rb-$^{21}$Ne co-magnetometer and a tungsten ring featuring a high nucleon density. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the co-magnetometer, the pseudomagnetic field from the fifth force is measured to be $<7$\u2009aT. This sets new limits on coupling constants for the neutron-nucleon and proton-nucleon interactions in the range of $\ge 0.1$ m. The coupling constant limits are established to be $|g_V^n|<6.6\times 10^{-11}$ and $|g_V^p|<3.0\times 10^{-10}$, which are more than one order of magnitude tighter than astronomical and cosmological limits on the coupling between the new gauge boson such as Z$'$ and standard model particles.
Optimization of the first CUPID detector module
CUPID collaboration, A. Armatol, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone III, O. Azzolini, M. Balata, K. Ballen, A. S. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, M. Bettelli, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, et al (158)
Feb 15 2022 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2202.06279v1

@misc{2202.06279, author = {CUPID collaboration and A.~Armatol and C.~Augier and F.~T.~Avignone III and O.~Azzolini and M.~Balata and K.~Ballen and A.~S.~Barabash and G.~Bari and A.~Barresi and D.~Baudin and F.~Bellini and G.~Benato and M.~Beretta and M.~Bettelli and M.~Biassoni and J.~Billard and V.~Boldrini and A.~Branca and C.~Brofferio and C.~Bucci and J.~Camilleri and C.~Capelli and S.~Capelli and L.~Cappelli and L.~Cardani and P.~Carniti and N.~Casali and E.~Celi and C.~Chang and D.~Chiesa and M.~Clemenza and I.~Colantoni and S.~Copello and E.~Craft and O.~Cremonesi and R.~J.~Creswick and A.~Cruciani and A.~D'Addabbo and G.~D'Imperio and S.~Dabagov and I.~Dafinei and F.~A.~Danevich and M.~De Jesus and P.~de Marcillac and S.~Dell'Oro and S.~Di Domizio and S.~Di Lorenzo and T.~Dixon and V.~Dompè and A.~Drobizhev and L.~Dumoulin and G.~Fantini and M.~Faverzani and E.~Ferri and F.~Ferri and F.~Ferroni and E.~Figueroa-Feliciano and L.~Foggetta and J.~Formaggio and A.~Franceschi and C.~Fu and S.~Fu and B.~K.~Fujikawa and A.~Gallas and J.~Gascon and S.~Ghislandi and A.~Giachero and A.~Gianvecchio and L.~Gironi and A.~Giuliani and P.~Gorla and C.~Gotti and C.~Grant and P.~Gras and P.~V.~Guillaumon and T.~D.~Gutierrez and K.~Han and E.~V.~Hansen and K.~M.~Heeger and D.~L.~Helis and H.~Z.~Huang and R.~G.~Huang and L.~Imbert and J.~Johnston and A.~Juillard and G.~Karapetrov and G.~Keppel and H.~Khalife and V.~V.~Kobychev and Yu.~G.~Kolomensky and S.~I.~Konovalov and R.~Kowalski and T.~Langford and M .Lefevre and R.~Liu and Y.~Liu and P.~Loaiza and L.~Ma and M.~Madhukuttan and F.~Mancarella and L.~Marini and S.~Marnieros and M.~Martinez and R.~H.~Maruyama and Ph.~Mas and B.~Mauri and D.~Mayer and G.~Mazzitelli and Y.~Mei and S.~Milana and S.~Morganti and T.~Napolitano and M.~Nastasi and J.~Nikkel and S.~Nisi and C.~Nones and E.~B.~Norman and V.~Novosad and I.~Nutini and T.~O'Donnell and E.~Olivieri and M.~Olmi and J.~L.~Ouellet and S.~Pagan and C.~Pagliarone and L.~Pagnanini and L.~Pattavina and M.~Pavan and H.~Peng and G.~Pessina and V.~Pettinacci and C.~Pira and S.~Pirro and D.~V.~Poda and O.~G.~Polischuk and I.~Ponce and S.~Pozzi and E.~Previtali and A.~Puiu and S.~Quitadamo and A.~Ressa and R.~Rizzoli and C.~Rosenfeld and P.~Rosier and J.~Scarpaci and B.~Schmidt and V.~Sharma and V.~Shlegel and V.~Singh and M.~Sisti and P.~Slocum and D.~Speller and P.~T.~Surukuchi and L.~Taffarello and C.~Tomei and J.~Torres and V.~I.~Tretyak and A.~Tsymbaliuk and M.~Velazquez and K.~J.~Vetter and S.~L.~Wagaarachchi and G.~Wang and L.~Wang and R.~Wang and B.~Welliver and J.~Wilson and K.~Wilson and L.~A.~Winslow and M.~Xue and L.~Yan and J.~Yang and V.~Yefremenko and V.~I.~Umatov and M.~M.~Zarytskyy and J.~Zhang and A.~Zolotarova and S.~Zucchelli}, title = {{O}ptimization of the first {CUPID} detector module}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2202.06279}, note = {arXiv:2202.06279v1} }
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CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of $\alpha$ particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 $\pm$ 0.2) keV FWHM at the $Q$-value of $^{100}$Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an $\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID.
New Opportunities in Femto-to-Nanometer Scale with High-Intensity Lasers
Changbo Fu, Guoqiang Zhang, Yugang Ma
Feb 11 2022 nucl-ex physics.plasm-ph arXiv:2202.05070v1

@misc{2202.05070, author = {Changbo Fu and Guoqiang Zhang and Yugang Ma}, title = {{N}ew {O}pportunities in {F}emto-to-{N}anometer {S}cale with {H}igh-{I}ntensity {L}asers}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2202.05070}, howpublished = {Matter and Radiation at Extremes 7, 024201 (2022)}, doi = {10.1063/5.0059405}, note = {arXiv:2202.05070v1} }
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On the scale of nanometer to femtometer, there have several puzzles, including neutron lifetime, proton charge radius, and deep Dirac level, etc. With the development of high-intensity laser technologies, lasers today can induce extremely strong electromagnetic (EM) fields. Electrons in deep shells of atoms, as well as the atomic nucleus themself, can be affected by the laser EM fields. This may provide a new experimental platform for studies the physical processes on the femto-to-nanometer scale, where atomic physics and nuclear physics coexist. In this paper, we review possible new opportunities for studying the puzzles on femto-to-nanometer scale with high-intensity lasers.
Femtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the Coulomb collision of ions with quivering electrons
Jie Feng, Wenzhao Wang, Changbo Fu, Liming Chen, Junhao Tan, Yaojun Li, Jinguang Wang, Yifei Li, Guoqiang Zhang, Yugang Ma, Jie Zhang
Feb 10 2022 nucl-ex physics.plasm-ph arXiv:2202.04457v1

@misc{2202.04457, author = {Jie Feng and Wenzhao Wang and Changbo Fu and Liming Chen and Junhao Tan and Yaojun Li and Jinguang Wang and Yifei Li and Guoqiang Zhang and Yugang Ma and Jie Zhang}, title = {{F}emtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the {C}oulomb collision of ions with quivering electrons}, year = {2022}, eprint = {2202.04457}, howpublished = {Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 052501 Published in 2022}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.052501}, note = {arXiv:2202.04457v1} }
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Efficient production of nuclear isomers is critical for pioneering applications, like nuclear clocks, nuclear batteries, clean nuclear energy, and nuclear \gamma-ray lasers. However, due to small production cross sections and quick decays, it is extremely difficult to acquire a significant amount of isomers with short lifetimes via traditional accelerators or reactors because of low beam intensity. Here, for the first time, we experimentally present femtosecond pumping of nuclear isomeric states by the Coulomb excitation of ions with the quivering electrons induced by laser fields. Nuclei populated on the third excited state of 83Kr are generated with a peak efficiency of 2.34*10^15 particles=s from a tabletop hundred-TW laser system. It can be explained by the Coulomb excitation of ions with the quivering electrons during the interaction between laser pulses and clusters at nearly solid densities. This efficient and universal production method can be widely used for pumping isotopes with excited state lifetimes down to picoseconds, and could be a benefit for fields like nuclear transition mechanisms and nuclear \gamma-ray lasers.
A Search for the Cosmic Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter at the PandaX-II Experiment
Xiangyi Cui, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Yunshan Cheng, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Jinrong He, Di Huang, et al (59)
Dec 17 2021 hep-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2112.08957v3

@misc{2112.08957, author = {Xiangyi Cui and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Yunshan Cheng and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Nasir Shaheed and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Zhou Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou}, title = {{A} {S}earch for the {C}osmic {R}ay {B}oosted {S}ub-{G}e{V} {D}ark {M}atter at the {P}anda{X}-{II} {E}xperiment}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2112.08957}, note = {arXiv:2112.08957v3} }
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We report a novel search for the cosmic ray boosted dark matter using the 100~tonne$\cdot$day full data set of the PandaX-II detector located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. With the extra energy gained from the cosmic rays, sub-GeV dark matter particles can produce visible recoil signals in the detector. The diurnal modulations in rate and energy spectrum are utilized to further enhance the signal sensitivity. Our result excludes the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section between 10$^{-31}$cm$^{2}$ and 10$^{-28}$cm$^{2}$ for a dark matter masses from 0.1 MeV/$c^2$ to 0.1 GeV/$c^2$, with a large parameter space previously unexplored by experimental collaborations.
Low Radioactive Material Screening and Background Control for the PandaX-4T Experiment
Zhicheng Qian, Lin Si, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Yunshan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, et al (59)
Dec 07 2021 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2112.02892v2

@misc{2112.02892, author = {Zhicheng Qian and Lin Si and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Yunshan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Xiangxiang Ren and Nasir Shaheed and Changsong Shang and Guofang Shen and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou}, title = {{L}ow {R}adioactive {M}aterial {S}creening and {B}ackground {C}ontrol for the {P}anda{X}-4{T} {E}xperiment}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2112.02892}, note = {arXiv:2112.02892v2} }
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PandaX-4T is a ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiment using a dual-phase TPC technique at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Various ultra-low background technologies have been developed and applied to material screening for PandaX-4T, including HPGe gamma spectroscopy, ICP-MS, NAA, radon emanation measurement system, krypton assay station, and alpha detection system. Low background materials were selected to assemble the detector. Surface treatment procedures were investigated to further suppress radioactive background. Combining measured results and Monte Carlo simulation, the total material background rates of PandaX-4T in the energy region of 1-25 keV$\rm{}_{ee}$ are estimated to be (9.9 $\pm$ 1.9) $\times \ 10^{-3}$ mDRU for electron recoil and (2.8 $\pm$ 0.6) $\times \ 10^{-4}$ mDRU for nuclear recoil. In addition, $^{nat}$Kr in the detector is estimated to be <8 ppt.
Coupling between hyperbolic phonon polaritons excited in two ultrathin hBN sheets
Xiaohu Wu, Chengshuai Su, Kezhang Shi, Feng Wu, Ceji Fu
Dec 03 2021 physics.optics cond-mat.mes-hall arXiv:2112.00907v1

@misc{2112.00907, author = {Xiaohu Wu and Chengshuai Su and Kezhang Shi and Feng Wu and Ceji Fu}, title = {{C}oupling between hyperbolic phonon polaritons excited in two ultrathin h{BN} sheets}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2112.00907}, note = {arXiv:2112.00907v1} }
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In this work, the hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPPs) in ultrathin hBN sheets are numerically studied. The dispersion relation and distribution of electric field are calculated to confirm the excitation of HPPs. Besides, the coupling effect between HPPs of two ultrathin hBN sheets are investigated. When the distance between two hBN sheets are smaller than the propagation length of the HPPs in the air, the HPPs can be strongly coupled. Therefore, the photon tunneling probability can be greatly enhanced. The split of the HPPs is similar to that of the surface waves, and such phenomenon is well explained in this work. We believe that this work will deepen our understanding of the HPPs in ultrathin hyperbolic materials. In addition, the knowledge about the HPPs will help us understand the near-field radiative heat transfer between hyperbolic materials.
Timing performance simulation for 3D 4H-SiC detector
Yuhang Tan, Tao Yang, Kai Liu, Congcong Wang, Xiyuan Zhang, Mei Zhao, Xiaochuan Xia, Hongwei Liang, Ruiliang Xu, Yu Zhao, Xiaoshen Kang, Chenxi Fu, Weimin Song, Zhenzhong Zhang, Ruirui Fan, Xinbo Zou, Xin Shi
Nov 30 2021 physics.ins-det arXiv:2111.14640v2

@misc{2111.14640, author = {Yuhang Tan and Tao Yang and Kai Liu and Congcong Wang and Xiyuan Zhang and Mei Zhao and Xiaochuan Xia and Hongwei Liang and Ruiliang Xu and Yu Zhao and Xiaoshen Kang and Chenxi Fu and Weimin Song and Zhenzhong Zhang and Ruirui Fan and Xinbo Zou and Xin Shi}, title = {{T}iming performance simulation for 3{D} 4{H}-{S}i{C} detector}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2111.14640}, howpublished = {Micromachines 2022, 13, 46}, doi = {10.3390/mi13010046}, note = {arXiv:2111.14640v2} }
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To meet high radiation challenge for detectors in future high-energy physics, a novel 3D 4H-SiC detector was investigated. SiC detectors could potentially operate in radiation harsh and room temperature environment because of its high thermal conductivity and high atomic displacement threshold energy. 3D structure, which decouples thickness and distance between electrodes, further improves timing performance and radiation hardness of the detector. We developed a simulation software - RASER (RAdiation SEmiconductoR) to simulate the time resolution of planar and 3D 4H-SiC detectors with different parameters and structures, and the reliability of the software is verified by comparing time resolution results of simulation with data. The rough time resolution of 3D 4H-SiC detector was estimated, and the simulation parameters could be used as guideline to 3D 4H-SiC detector design and optimization.
Light yield and field dependence measurement in PandaX-II dual-phase xenon detector
Zhou Huang, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Yunshan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Jinrong He, et al (59)
Nov 03 2021 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2111.01492v2

@misc{2111.01492, author = {Zhou Huang and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Yunshan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Nasir Shaheed and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Yi Tao and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou}, title = {{L}ight yield and field dependence measurement in {P}anda{X}-{II} dual-phase xenon detector}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2111.01492}, note = {arXiv:2111.01492v2} }
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The dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) is one of the most sensitive detector technology for dark matter direct search, where the energy deposition of incoming particle can be converted into photons and electrons through xenon excitation and ionization. The detector response to signal energy deposition varies significantly with the electric field in liquid xenon. We study the detector's light yield and its dependence on the electric field in the PandaX-II dual-phase detector containing 580~kg liquid xenon in the sensitive volume. From our measurements, the light yield at electric fields from 0~V/cm to 317~V/cm is obtained for energy depositions up to 236~keV.
Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run
Yue Meng, Zhou Wang, Yi Tao, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Yunshan Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, et al (59)
Jul 29 2021 hep-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2107.13438v3

@misc{2107.13438, author = {Yue Meng and Zhou Wang and Yi Tao and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Yunshan Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Jinrong He and Di Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Ruquan Hou and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Chenxiang Li and Mingchuan Li and Shu Li and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Jianglai Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Lingyin Luo and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Nasir Shaheed and Xuyang Ning and Ningchun Qi and Zhicheng Qian and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Wenliang Sun and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Xiang Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Xiyu Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Dan Zhang and Minzhen Zhang and Peng Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou and Yong Zhou}, title = {{D}ark {M}atter {S}earch {R}esults from the {P}anda{X}-4{T} {C}ommissioning {R}un}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2107.13438}, note = {arXiv:2107.13438v3} }
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We report the first dark matter search results using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T. Using a time projection chamber with 3.7-tonne of liquid xenon target and an exposure of 0.63 tonne$\cdot$year, 1058 candidate events are identified within an approximate nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV. No significant excess over background is observed. Our data set a stringent limit to the dark matter-nucleon spin-independent interactions, with a lowest excluded cross section (90% C.L.) of $3.8\times10^{-47} $cm$^2$ at a dark matter mass of 30 GeV/$c^2$.
Development of Gated Fiber Detectors for Laser-Induced Strong Electromagnetic Pulse Environments
Po Hu, Zhiguo Ma, Kai Zhao, Guoqiang Zhang, Deqing Fang, Baoren Wei, Changbo Fu, Yugang Ma
Jun 18 2021 physics.ins-det arXiv:2106.09522v1

@misc{2106.09522, author = {Po Hu and Zhiguo Ma and Kai Zhao and Guoqiang Zhang and Deqing Fang and Baoren Wei and Changbo Fu and Yugang Ma}, title = {{D}evelopment of {G}ated {F}iber {D}etectors for {L}aser-{I}nduced {S}trong {E}lectromagnetic {P}ulse {E}nvironments}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2106.09522}, doi = {10.1007/s41365-021-00898-8}, note = {arXiv:2106.09522v1} }
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With the development of laser technologies, nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines. However, studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies. This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma, and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors. Therefore, new particle detecting technologies are highly needed. In this paper, we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments. In this prototype detector, scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well. With those measures, the EMPs can be avoided, and this device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds. This new type of detector can be widely used as a Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutron, photons, and other charged particles.
Horizontal Position Reconstruction in PandaX-II
Dan Zhang, Andi Tan, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Shengming He, Di Huang, et al (52)
Jun 17 2021 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2106.08380v4

@misc{2106.08380, author = {Dan Zhang and Andi Tan and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Shengming He and Di Huang and Yan Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Shuaijie Li and Qing Lin and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Liqiang Liu and Xiaoying Lu and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Parinya Namwongsa and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ning and Xuyang Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Nasir Shaheed and Changsong Shang and Guofang Shen and Lin Si and Anqing Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Xiang Xiao and Binbin Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Xinning Zeng and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{H}orizontal {P}osition {R}econstruction in {P}anda{X}-{II}}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2106.08380}, note = {arXiv:2106.08380v4} }
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Dual-phase noble-gas time projection chambers (TPCs) have improved the sensitivities for dark matter direct search in past decades. The capability of TPCs to reconstruct 3-D vertexes of keV scale recoilings is one of the most advantageous features. In this work, we develop two horizontal position reconstruction algorithms for the PandaX-II dark matter search experiment using the dual-phase liquid xenon TPC. Both algorithms are optimized by the $^{83m}$Kr calibration events and use photon distribution of ionization signals among photomultiplier tubes to infer the positions. According to the events coming from the gate electrode, the uncertainties in the horizontal positions are 3.4 mm (3.9 mm) in the analytical (simulation-based) algorithm for an ionization signal with several thousand photon electrons in the center of the TPC
Highly efficient BiVO4 single-crystal nanosheets with dual modification: phosphorus doping and selective Ag modification
Can Fu, Baoyun Xu, Lingling Dong, Jinguo Zhai, Xuefei Wang, De-Yi Wang
May 20 2021 physics.app-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci arXiv:2105.09132v1

@misc{2105.09132, author = {Can Fu and Baoyun Xu and Lingling Dong and Jinguo Zhai and Xuefei Wang and De-Yi Wang}, title = {{H}ighly efficient {B}i{VO}4 single-crystal nanosheets with dual modification: phosphorus doping and selective {A}g modification}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2105.09132}, note = {arXiv:2105.09132v1} }
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BiVO4, a visible-light response photocatalyst, has shown tremendous potential because of abundant raw material sources, good stability and low cost. There exist some limitations for further applicaitions due to poor capability to separate electron-hole pairs. In fact, a single-component modification strategy is barely adequate to obtain highy efficient photocatalytic performance. In this work, P substituted some of the V atoms from VO4 oxoanions, namely P was doped into the V sites in the host lattice of BiVO4 by a hydrothermal route. Meanwhile, Ag as an attractive and efficient electron-cocatalyst was selectively modified on the (010) facet of BiVO4 nanosheets via facile photo-deposition. As a result, the obtained dually modified BiVO4 sheets exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation property of methylene blue (MB). In detail, photocatalytic rate constant (k) was 2.285 min-1g-1, which was 2.78 times higher than pristine BiVO4 nanosheets. Actually, P-doping favored the formation of O vacancies, led to more charge carriers, and facilitated photocatalytic reaction. On the other hand, metallic Ag loaded on (010) facet effectively transferred photogenerated electrons, which consequently helped electron-hole pairs separation. The present work may enlighten new thoughts for smart design and controllable synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials.
Determination of responses of liquid xenon to low energy electron and nuclear recoils using the PandaX-II detector
Binbin Yan, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Di Huang, Peiyao Huang, Yan Huang, et al (46)
Feb 19 2021 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:2102.09158v1

@misc{2102.09158, author = {Binbin Yan and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Di Huang and Peiyao Huang and Yan Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Shuaijie Li and Jianglai Liu and Zhuoqun Lei and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ningand Xuyang Ning Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Lin Si and Guofang Shen and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Rui Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Jianfeng Yue and Xinning Zeng and Dan Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{D}etermination of responses of liquid xenon to low energy electron and nuclear recoils using the {P}anda{X}-{II} detector}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2102.09158}, note = {arXiv:2102.09158v1} }
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We report a systematic determination of the responses of PandaX-II, a dual phase xenon time projection chamber detector, to low energy recoils. The electron recoil (ER) and nuclear recoil (NR) responses are calibrated, respectively, with injected tritiated methane or $^{220}$Rn source, and with $^{241}$Am-Be neutron source, within an energy range from $1-25$ keV (ER) and $4-80$ keV (NR), under the two drift fields of 400 and 317 V/cm. An empirical model is used to fit the light yield and charge yield for both types of recoils. The best fit models can well describe the calibration data. The systematic uncertainties of the fitted models are obtained via statistical comparison against the data.
$\rm ^{83}Rb$/$\rm ^{83m}Kr$ production and cross-section measurement with 3.4 MeV and 20 MeV proton beams
Dan Zhang, Yifan Li, Jie Bao, Changbo Fu, Mengyun Guan, Yuan He, Xiangdong Ji, Huan Jia, Yao Li, Jianglai Liu, Jingkai Xia, Weixing Xiong, Jingtao You, Chenzhang Yuan, Ning Zhou
Feb 05 2021 nucl-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:2102.02490v2

@misc{2102.02490, author = {Dan Zhang and Yifan Li and Jie Bao and Changbo Fu and Mengyun Guan and Yuan He and Xiangdong Ji and Huan Jia and Yao Li and Jianglai Liu and Jingkai Xia and Weixing Xiong and Jingtao You and Chenzhang Yuan and Ning Zhou}, title = {$\rm ^{83}{R}b$/$\rm ^{83m}{K}r$ production and cross-section measurement with 3.4 {M}e{V} and 20 {M}e{V} proton beams}, year = {2021}, eprint = {2102.02490}, howpublished = {Physical Review C 105, 014604 (2022)}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.105.014604}, note = {arXiv:2102.02490v2} }
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$\rm ^{83m}Kr$, with a short lifetime, is an ideal calibration source for liquid xenon or liquid argon detectors. The $\rm ^{83m}Kr$ isomer can be generated through the decay of $\rm ^{83} Rb$ isotope which is usually produced by proton beams bombarding natural krypton atoms. In this paper, we report a successful production of $\rm ^{83}Rb/^{83m}Kr$ with a proton beam energy of 3.4 MeV, and the first measurement of the production rate with such low energy proton beams. Another production attempt is performed using the newly available 20 MeV proton beam in China, and the measured production rate is consistent with previous measurements. The produced $\rm ^{83m}Kr$ source has been successfully injected into the PandaX-II liquid xenon detector, yielding enough statistics for detector calibration.
Climate change adaption in Chinese ancient architecture
Siyang Li, Ke Ding, Aijun Ding, Lejun He, Xin Huang, Quansheng Ge, Congbin Fu
Dec 29 2020 physics.ao-ph arXiv:2012.14244v1

@misc{2012.14244, author = {Siyang Li and Ke Ding and Aijun Ding and Lejun He and Xin Huang and Quansheng Ge and Congbin Fu}, title = {{C}limate change adaption in {C}hinese ancient architecture}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2012.14244}, note = {arXiv:2012.14244v1} }
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As an important symbol of civilization and culture, architectures originally were built for sheltering human beings from weather disasters and therefore should be affected by climate change, particularly the associated change in the occurrence of extreme weather events. However, although meteorology has been considered as a factor in modern architecture design, it remains unclear whether and how the ancients adapted to climate change from the perspective of architecture design, particularly on a millennium time scale. Here we show that the periodic change and trend of the roof slope of ancient architectures in northern China clearly demonstrate the climate change adaptation over the past thousand years. We show that the snowfall fluctuation caused by the paleo-climate change was an essential driving factor within the roof modification process of ancient Chinese timber architecture. Our study indicates that climate change may act as a much more important factor on human behaviour than we ever thought.
High-efficiency water-window x-ray generation from nanowire array targets irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses
Yinren Shou, Defeng Kong, Pengjie Wang, Zhusong Mei, Zhengxuan Cao, Zhuo Pan, Yunhui Li, Shirui Xu, Guijun Qi, Shiyou Chen, Jiarui Zhao, Yanying Zhao, Changbo Fu, Wen Luo, Guoqiang Zhang, Xueqing Yan, Wenjun Ma
Dec 17 2020 physics.plasm-ph physics.optics arXiv:2012.08856v1

@misc{2012.08856, author = {Yinren Shou and Defeng Kong and Pengjie Wang and Zhusong Mei and Zhengxuan Cao and Zhuo Pan and Yunhui Li and Shirui Xu and Guijun Qi and Shiyou Chen and Jiarui Zhao and Yanying Zhao and Changbo Fu and Wen Luo and Guoqiang Zhang and Xueqing Yan and Wenjun Ma}, title = {{H}igh-efficiency water-window x-ray generation from nanowire array targets irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2012.08856}, note = {arXiv:2012.08856v1} }
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We demonstrate the high-efficiency generation of water-window soft x-ray emissions from polyethylene nanowire array targets irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses at the intensity of 4*10^19 W/cm^2. The experimental results indicate more than one order of magnitude enhancement of the water-window x-ray emissions from the nanowire array targets compared to the planar targets. The highest energy conversion efficiency from laser to water-window x-rays is measured as 0.5%/sr, which comes from the targets with the longest nanowires. Supported by particle-in-cell simulations and atomic kinetic codes, the physics that leads to the high conversion efficiency is discussed.
Characterization of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals for the CUPID experiment
A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone III, O. Azzolini, A. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergè, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, et al (152)
Nov 30 2020 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:2011.13656v1

@misc{2011.13656, author = {A.~Armatol and E.~Armengaud and W.~Armstrong and C.~Augier and F.~T.~Avignone III and O.~Azzolini and A.~Barabash and G.~Bari and A.~Barresi and D.~Baudin and F.~Bellini and G.~Benato and M.~Beretta and L.~Bergè and M.~Biassoni and J.~Billard and V.~Boldrini and A.~Branca and C.~Brofferio and C.~Bucci and J.~Camilleri and S.~Capelli and L.~Cappelli and L.~Cardani and P.~Carniti and N.~Casali and A.~Cazes and E.~Celi and C.~Chang and M.~Chapellier and A.~Charrier and D.~Chiesa and M.~Clemenza and I.~Colantoni and F.~Collamati and S.~Copello and F.~Cova and O.~Cremonesi and R.~J.~Creswick and A.~Cruciani and A.~D'Addabbo and G.~D'Imperio and I.~Dafinei and F.~A.~Danevich and M.~de Combarieu and M.~De Jesus and P.~de Marcillac and S.~Dell'Oro and S.~Di Domizio and V.~Dompé and A.~Drobizhev and L.~Dumoulin and G.~Fantini and M.~Fasoli and M.~Faverzani and E.~Ferri and F.~Ferri and F.~Ferroni and E.~Figueroa-Feliciano and J.~Formaggio and A.~Franceschi and C.~Fu and S.~Fu and B.~K.~Fujikawa and J.~Gascon and A.~Giachero and L.~Gironi and A.~Giuliani and P.~Gorla and C.~Gotti and P.~Gras and M.~Gros and T.~D.~Gutierrez and K.~Han and E.~V.~Hansen and K.~M.~Heeger and D.~L.~Helis and H.~Z.~Huang and R.~G.~Huang and L.~Imbert and J.~Johnston and A.~Juillard and G.~Karapetrov and G.~Keppel and H.~Khalife and V.~V.~Kobychev and Yu.~G.~Kolomensky and S.~Konovalov and Y.~Liu and P.~Loaiza and L.~Ma and M.~Madhukuttan and F.~Mancarella and R.~Mariam and L.~Marini and S.~Marnieros and M.~Martinez and R.~H.~Maruyama and B.~Mauri and D.~Mayer and Y.~Mei and S.~Milana and D.~Misiak and T.~Napolitano and M.~Nastasi and X.~F.~Navick and J.~Nikkel and R.~Nipoti and S.~Nisi and C.~Nones and E.~B.~Norman and V.~Novosad and I.~Nutini and T.~O'Donnell and E.~Olivieri and C.~Oriol and J.~L.~Ouellet and S.~Pagan and C.~Pagliarone and L.~Pagnanini and P.~Pari and L.~Pattavina and B.~Paul and M.~Pavan and H.~Peng and G.~Pessina and V.~Pettinacci and C.~Pira and S.~Pirro and D.~V.~Poda and T.~Polakovic and O.~G.~Polischuk and S.~Pozzi and E.~Previtali and A.~Puiu and A.~Ressa and R.~Rizzoli and C.~Rosenfeld and C.~Rusconi and V.~Sanglard and J.~A.~Scarpaci and B.~Schmidt and V.~Sharma and V.~Shlegel and V.~Singh and M.~Sisti and D.~Speller and P.~T.~Surukuchi and L.~Taffarello and O.~Tellier and C.~Tomei and V.~I.~Tretyak and A.~Tsymbaliuk and A.~Vedda and M.~Velazquez and K.~J.~Vetter and S.~L.~Wagaarachchi and G.~Wang and L.~Wang and B.~Welliver and J.~Wilson and K.~Wilson and L.~A.~Winslow and M.~Xue and L.~Yan and J.~Yang and V.~Yefremenko and V.~Yumatov and M.~M.~Zarytskyy and J.~Zhang and A.~Zolotarova and S.~Zucchelli}, title = {{C}haracterization of cubic {L}i$_{2}$$^{100}${M}o{O}$_4$ crystals for the {CUPID} experiment}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2011.13656}, note = {arXiv:2011.13656v1} }
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The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of (6.7$\pm$0.6) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $\alpha$ particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $\alpha$-induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
A CUPID Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility
CUPID Interest Group, A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone III, O. Azzolini, I. C. Bandac, A. S. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, Ch. Bourgeois, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, et al (161)
Nov 30 2020 physics.ins-det arXiv:2011.13806v1

@misc{2011.13806, author = {CUPID Interest Group and A.~Armatol and E.~Armengaud and W.~Armstrong and C.~Augier and F.~T.~Avignone III and O.~Azzolini and I.~C.~Bandac and A.~S.~Barabash and G.~Bari and A.~Barresi and D.~Baudin and F.~Bellini and G.~Benato and M.~Beretta and L.~Bergé and Ch.~Bourgeois and M.~Biassoni and J.~Billard and V.~Boldrini and A.~Branca and C.~Brofferio and C.~Bucci and J.~M.~Calvo-Mozota and J.~Camilleri and A.~Candela and S.~Capelli and L.~Cappelli and L.~Cardani and P.~Carniti and N.~Casali and A.~Cazes and E.~Celi and C.~Chang and M.~Chapellier and A.~Charrier and D.~Chiesa and M.~Clemenza and I.~Colantoni and F.~Collamati and S.~Copello and F.~Cova and O.~Cremonesi and R.~J.~Creswick and A.~Cruciani and A.~D'Addabbo and G.~D'Imperio and I.~Dafinei and F.~A.~Danevich and M.~de Combarieu and M.~De Deo and M.~De Jesus and P.~de Marcillac and S.~Dell'Oro and S.~Di Domizio and V.~Dompe and A.~Drobizhev and L.~Dumoulin and G.~Fantini and M.~Fasoli and M.~Faverzani and E.~Ferri and F.~Ferri and F.~Ferroni and E.~Figueroa-Feliciano and J.~Formaggio and A.~Franceschi and C.~Fu and S.~Fu and B.~K.~Fujikawa and J.~Gascon and A.~Giachero and L.~Gironi and A.~Giuliani and P.~Gorla and C.~Gotti and P.~Gras and M.~Gros and E.~Guerard and T.~D.~Gutierrez and K.~Han and E.~V.~Hansen and K.~M.~Heeger and D.~L.~Helis and H.~Z.~Huang and R.~G.~Huang and A.~Ianni and L.~Imbert and J.~Johnston and A.~Juillard and G.~Karapetrov and G.~Keppel and H.~Khalife and V.~V.~Kobychev and Yu.~G.~Kolomensky and S.~I.~Konovalov and Y.~Liu and P.~Loaiza and L.~Ma and M.~Madhukuttan and F.~Mancarella and R.~Mariam and L.~Marini and S.~Marnieros and M.~Martinez and R.~H.~Maruyama and B.~Mauri and D.~Mayer and Y.~Mei and S.~Milana and D.~Misiak and T.~Napolitano and M.~Nastasi and X.-F.~Navick and J.~Nikkel and R.~Nipoti and S.~Nisi and C.~Nones and E.~B.~Norman and V.~Novosad and I.~Nutini and T.~O'Donnell and G.~Olivier and E.~Olivieri and C.~Oriol and J.~L.~Ouellet and S.~Pagan and C.~Pagliarone and L.~Pagnanini and P.~Pari and L.~Pattavina and B.~Paul and M.~Pavan and H.~Peng and G.~Pessina and V.~Pettinacci and C.~Pira and S.~Pirro and D.~V.~Poda and T.~Polakovic and O.~G.~Polischuk and S.~Pozzi and E.~Previtali and A.~Puiu and A.~Ressa and D.~Reynet and R.~Rizzoli and C.~Rosenfeld and V.~Sanglard and J.~A.~Scarpaci and B.~Schmidt and V.~Sharma and V.~N.~Shlegel and V.~Singh and M.~Sisti and D.~Speller and P.~T.~Surukuchi and L.~Taffarello and O.~Tellier and C.~Tomei and V.~I.~Tretyak and A.~Tsymbaliuk and A.~Vedda and M.~Velazquez and K.~J.~Vetter and S.~L.~Wagaarachchi and G.~Wang and L.~Wang and B.~Welliver and J.~Wilson and K.~Wilson and L.~A.~Winslow and M.~Xue and L.~Yan and J.~Yang and V.~Yefremenko and V.~I.~Yumatov and M.~M.~Zarytskyy and J.~Zhang and A.~S.~Zolotarova and S.~Zucchelli}, title = {{A} {CUPID} {L}i$_{2}$$^{100}${M}o{O}$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the {CROSS} underground facility}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2011.13806}, note = {arXiv:2011.13806v1} }
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A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between $\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects.
Novel technique for the study of pile-up events in cryogenic bolometers
A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone III, O. Azzolini, A. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, et al (149)
Nov 25 2020 physics.ins-det arXiv:2011.11726v2

@misc{2011.11726, author = {A.~Armatol and E.~Armengaud and W.~Armstrong and C.~Augier and F.~T.~Avignone III and O.~Azzolini and A.~Barabash and G.~Bari and A.~Barresi and D.~Baudin and F.~Bellini and G.~Benato and M.~Beretta and L.~Bergé and M.~Biassoni and J.~Billard and V.~Boldrini and A.~Branca and C.~Brofferio and C.~Bucci and J.~Camilleri and S.~Capelli and L.~Cappelli and L.~Cardani and P.~Carniti and N.~Casali and A.~Cazes and E.~Celi and C.~Chang and M.~Chapellier and A.~Charrier and D.~Chiesa and M.~Clemenza and I.~Colantoni and F.~Collamati and S.~Copello and O.~Cremonesi and R.~J.~Creswick and A.~Cruciani and A.~D'Addabbo and G.~D'Imperio and I.~Dafinei and F.~A.~Danevich and M.~de Combarieu and M.~De Jesus and P.~de Marcillac and S.~Dell'Oro and S.~Di Domizio and V.~Dompè and A.~Drobizhev and L.~Dumoulin and G.~Fantini and M.~Faverzani and E.~Ferri and F.~Ferri and F.~Ferroni and E.~Figueroa-Feliciano and J.~Formaggio and A.~Franceschi and C.~Fu and S.~Fu and B.~K.~Fujikawa and J.~Gascon and A.~Giachero and L.~Gironi and A.~Giuliani and P.~Gorla and C.~Gotti and P.~Gras and M.~Gros and T.~D.~Gutierrez and K.~Han and E.~V.~Hansen and K.~M.~Heeger and D.~L.~Helis and H.~Z.~Huang and R.~G.~Huang and L.~Imbert and J.~Johnston and A.~Juillard and G.~Karapetrov and G.~Keppel and H.~Khalife and V.~V.~Kobychev and Yu.~G.~Kolomensky and S.~Konovalov and Y.~Liu and P.~Loaiza and L.~Ma and M.~Madhukuttan and F.~Mancarella and R.~Mariam and L.~Marini and S.~Marnieros and M.~Martinez and R.~H.~Maruyama and B.~Mauri and D.~Mayer and Y.~Mei and S.~Milana and D.~Misiak and T.~Napolitano and M.~Nastasi and X.~F.~Navick and J.~Nikkel and R.~Nipoti and S.~Nisi and C.~Nones and E.~B.~Norman and V.~Novosad and I.~Nutini and T.~O'Donnell and E.~Olivieri and C.~Oriol and J.~L.~Ouellet and S.~Pagan and C.~Pagliarone and L.~Pagnanini and P.~Pari and L.~Pattavina and B.~Paul and M.~Pavan and H.~Peng and G.~Pessina and V.~Pettinacci and C.~Pira and S.~Pirro and D.~V.~Poda and T.~Polakovic and O.~G.~Polischuk and S.~Pozzi and E.~Previtali and A.~Puiu and A.~Ressa and R.~Rizzoli and C.~Rosenfeld and C.~Rusconi and V.~Sanglard and J.~Scarpaci and B.~Schmidt and V.~Sharma and V.~Shlegel and V.~Singh and M.~Sisti and D.~Speller and P.~T.~Surukuchi and L.~Taffarello and O.~Tellier and C.~Tomei and V.~I.~Tretyak and A.~Tsymbaliuk and M.~Velazquez and K.~J.~Vetter and S.~L.~Wagaarachchi and G.~Wang and L.~Wang and B.~Welliver and J.~Wilson and K.~Wilson and L.~A.~Winslow and M.~Xue and L.~Yan and J.~Yang and V.~Yefremenko and V.~Yumatov and M.~M.~Zarytskyy and J.~Zhang and A.~Zolotarova and S.~Zucchelli}, title = {{N}ovel technique for the study of pile-up events in cryogenic bolometers}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2011.11726}, howpublished = {Phys. Rev. C 104, 015501 (2021)}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.104.015501}, note = {arXiv:2011.11726v2} }
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Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importance for next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pile-up of two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe a technique developed to study the pile-up rejection capability of cryogenic bolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pile-up events with a programmable waveform generator, has the benefit that we can reliably and reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of the individual components of the generated pile-up events. The resulting data allow us to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate between individual and pile-up pulses. We describe a test of this technique performed with a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in Italy; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pile-up events with rise time of ~15ms down to time separation between the individual events of about 2ms.
Measurements of D-D fusion neutrons generated in nanowire array laser plasma using Timepix3 detector
Peter Rubovic, Aldo Bonasera, Petr Burian, Zhengxuan Cao, Changbo Fu, Defeng Kong, Haoyang Lan, Yao Lou, Wen Luo, Chong Lv, Yugang Ma, Wenjun Ma, Zhiguo Ma, Lukas Meduna, Zhusong Mei, Yesid Mora, Zhuo Pan, Yinren Shou, Rudolf Sykora, Martin Veselsky, et al (7)
Oct 08 2020 physics.ins-det nucl-ex physics.plasm-ph arXiv:2010.03457v1

@misc{2010.03457, author = {Peter Rubovic and Aldo Bonasera and Petr Burian and Zhengxuan Cao and Changbo Fu and Defeng Kong and Haoyang Lan and Yao Lou and Wen Luo and Chong Lv and Yugang Ma and Wenjun Ma and Zhiguo Ma and Lukas Meduna and Zhusong Mei and Yesid Mora and Zhuo Pan and Yinren Shou and Rudolf Sykora and Martin Veselsky and Pengjie Wang and Wenzhao Wang and Xueqing Yan and Guoqiang Zhang and Jiarui Zhao and Yanying Zhao and Jan Zemlicka}, title = {{M}easurements of {D}-{D} fusion neutrons generated in nanowire array laser plasma using {T}imepix3 detector}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2010.03457}, note = {arXiv:2010.03457v1} }
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We present the results of neutron detection in a laser plasma experiment with a CD$_2$ nanowire target. A hybrid semiconductor pixel detector Timepix3 covered with neutron converters was used for the detection of neutrons. D-D fusion neutrons were detected in a polyethylene converter through recoiled protons. Both the energy of recoiled protons and the time-of-flight of neutrons (and thus their energy) were determined. We report $(2.4 \pm 1.8) \times 10^7$ neutrons generated for 1~J of incoming laser energy. Furthermore, we proved that Timepix3 is suitable for difficult operational conditions in laser experiments.
The impacts of optimization algorithm and basis size on the accuracy and efficiency of variational quantum eigensolver
Xian-Hu Zha, Chao Zhang, Dengdong Fan, Pengxiang Xu, Shiyu Du, Rui-Qin Zhang, Chen Fu
Jun 30 2020 physics.chem-ph quant-ph arXiv:2006.15852v2

@misc{2006.15852, author = {Xian-Hu Zha and Chao Zhang and Dengdong Fan and Pengxiang Xu and Shiyu Du and Rui-Qin Zhang and Chen Fu}, title = {{T}he impacts of optimization algorithm and basis size on the accuracy and efficiency of variational quantum eigensolver}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2006.15852}, note = {arXiv:2006.15852v2} }
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Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is demonstrated to be the promising methodology for quantum chemistry based on near-term quantum devices. However, many problems are yet to be investigated for this methodology, such as the influences of optimization algorithm and basis size on the accuracy and efficiency for quantum computing. To address these issues, five molecules (H2, LiH, HF, N2 and F2) are studied in this work based on the VQE method using unitary coupled cluster (UCC) ansatz. The performance of the gradient optimization L-BFGS-B is compared with that of the direct search method COBYLA. The former converges more quickly, but the accuracy of energy surface is a little lower. The basis set shows a vital influence on the accuracy and efficiency. A large basis set generally provides an accurate energy surface, but induces a significant increase in computing time. The 631g basis is generally required from the energy surface of the simplest H2 molecule. For practical applications of VQE, complete active space (CAS) is suggested based on limited quantum resources. With the same number of qubits, more occupied orbitals included in CAS gives a better accuracy for the energy surface and a smaller evaluation number in the VQE optimization. Additionally, the electronic structure, such as filling fraction of orbitals, the bond strength of a molecule and the maximum nuclear charge also influences the performance of optimization, where half occupation of orbitals generally requires a large computation cost.
Internal Calibration of the PandaX-II Detector with Radon Gaseous Sources
Wenbo Ma, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Zihao Bo, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Chen Cheng, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Mengting Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Shengming He, Di Huang, et al (48)
Jun 17 2020 physics.ins-det hep-ex nucl-ex arXiv:2006.09311v3

@misc{2006.09311, author = {Wenbo Ma and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Zihao Bo and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Chen Cheng and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Mengting Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Shengming He and Di Huang and Yan Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Shuaijie Li and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ning and Xuyang Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Lin Si and Guofang Shen and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Wei Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Weihao Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Ying Yuan and Jianfeng Yue and Xinning Zeng and Dan Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{I}nternal {C}alibration of the {P}anda{X}-{II} {D}etector with {R}adon {G}aseous {S}ources}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2006.09311}, howpublished = {JINST 15 P12038 (2020)}, doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12038}, note = {arXiv:2006.09311v3} }
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We have developed a low-energy electron recoil (ER) calibration method with $^{220}$Rn for the PandaX-II detector. $^{220}$Rn, emanated from natural thorium compounds, was fed into the detector through the xenon purification system. From 2017 to 2019, we performed three dedicated calibration campaigns with different radon sources. We studied the detector response to $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ particles with focus on low energy ER events. During the runs in 2017 and 2018, the amount of radioactivity of $^{222}$Rn were on the order of 1\% of that of $^{220}$Rn and thorium particulate contamination was negligible, especially in 2018. We also measured the background contribution from $^{214}$Pb for the first time in PandaX-II with the help from a $^{222}$Rn injection. Calibration strategy with $^{220}$Rn and $^{222}$Rn will be implemented in the upcoming PandaX-4T experiment and can be useful for other xenon-based detectors as well.
Establishing the carrier scattering phase diagram for ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler thermoelectric materials
Qingyong Ren, Chenguang Fu, Qinyi Qiu, Shengnan Dai, Zheyuan Liu, Takatsugu Masuda, Shinichiro Asai, Masato Hagihala, Sanghyun Lee, Shuki Torri, Takashi Kamiyama, Lunhua He, Xin Tong, Claudia Felser, David J. Singh, Tiejun Zhu, Jiong Yang, Jie Ma
Mar 26 2020 cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.app-ph arXiv:2003.11222v3

@misc{2003.11222, author = {Qingyong Ren and Chenguang Fu and Qinyi Qiu and Shengnan Dai and Zheyuan Liu and Takatsugu Masuda and Shinichiro Asai and Masato Hagihala and Sanghyun Lee and Shuki Torri and Takashi Kamiyama and Lunhua He and Xin Tong and Claudia Felser and David J.~Singh and Tiejun Zhu and Jiong Yang and Jie Ma}, title = {{E}stablishing the carrier scattering phase diagram for {Z}r{N}i{S}n-based half-{H}eusler thermoelectric materials}, year = {2020}, eprint = {2003.11222}, howpublished = {Nature Communications 11, 3142 (2020)}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-16913-2}, note = {arXiv:2003.11222v3} }
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Chemical doping is one of the most important strategies for tuning electrical properties of semiconductors, particularly thermoelectric materials. Generally, the main role of chemical doping lies in optimizing the carrier concentration, but there can potentially be other important effects. Here, we show that chemical doping plays multiple roles for both electron and phonon transport properties in half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. With ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler materials as an example, we use high-quality single and polycrystalline crystals, various probes, including electrical transport measurements, inelastic neutron scattering measurement, and first-principles calculations, to investigate the underlying electron-phonon interaction. We find that chemical doping brings strong screening effects to ionized impurities, grain boundary, and polar optical phonon scattering, but has negligible influence on lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, it is possible to establish a carrier scattering phase diagram, which can be used to select reasonable strategies for optimization of the thermoelectric performance.
An Improved Evaluation of the Neutron Background in the PandaX-II Experiment
Qiuhong Wang, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Franco Giuliani, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Di Huang, Yan Huang, Yanlin Huang, Zhou Huang, et al (43)
Jul 02 2019 hep-ex nucl-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:1907.00545v2

@misc{1907.00545, author = {Qiuhong Wang and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Franco Giuliani and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Di Huang and Yan Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Peng Ji and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Yihui Lai and Kun Liang and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Parinya Namwongsa and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ning and Xuyang Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Lin Si and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Siguang Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Dan Zhang and Hongguang Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{A}n {I}mproved {E}valuation of the {N}eutron {B}ackground in the {P}anda{X}-{II} {E}xperiment}, year = {2019}, eprint = {1907.00545}, note = {arXiv:1907.00545v2} }
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In dark matter direct detection experiments, neutron is a serious source of background, which can mimic the dark matter-nucleus scattering signals. In this paper, we present an improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-II dark matter experiment by a novel approach. Instead of fully relying on the Monte Carlo simulation, the overall neutron background is determined from the neutron-induced high energy signals in the data. In addition, the probability of producing a dark-matter-like background per neutron is evaluated with a complete Monte Carlo generator, where the correlated emission of neutron(s) and $\gamma$(s) in the ($\alpha$, n) reactions and spontaneous fissions is taken into consideration. With this method, the neutron backgrounds in the Run 9 (26-ton-day) and Run 10 (28-ton-day) data sets of PandaX-II are estimated to be 0.66$\pm$0.24 and 0.47$\pm$0.25 events, respectively.
Searching for Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay of $^{136}$Xe with PandaX-II Liquid Xenon Detector
Kaixiang Ni, Yihui Lai, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Xiangyi Cui, Yingjie Fan, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Lisheng Geng, Karl Giboni, Franco Giuliani, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Di Huang, Yan Huang, Yanlin Huang, et al (43)
Jun 28 2019 hep-ex nucl-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:1906.11457v1

@misc{1906.11457, author = {Kaixiang Ni and Yihui Lai and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Xiangyi Cui and Yingjie Fan and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Lisheng Geng and Karl Giboni and Franco Giuliani and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Di Huang and Yan Huang and Yanlin Huang and Zhou Huang and Peng Ji and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Kun Liang and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Wenbo Ma and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Yue Meng and Parinya Namwongsa and Jinhua Ning and Xuyang Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Changsong Shang and Lin Si and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Xiuli Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Dan Zhang and Hongguang Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Qibin Zheng and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{S}earching for {N}eutrino-less {D}ouble {B}eta {D}ecay of $^{136}${X}e with {P}anda{X}-{II} {L}iquid {X}enon {D}etector}, year = {2019}, eprint = {1906.11457}, note = {arXiv:1906.11457v1} }
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We report the Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay (NLDBD) search results from PandaX-II dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber. The total live time used in this analysis is 403.1 days from June 2016 to August 2018. With NLDBD-optimized event selection criteria, we obtain a fiducial mass of 219 kg of natural xenon. The accumulated xenon exposure is 242 kg$\cdot$yr, or equivalently 22.2 kg$\cdot$yr of $^{136}$Xe exposure. At the region around $^{136}$Xe decay Q-value of 2458 keV, the energy resolution of PandaX-II is 4.2%. We find no evidence of NLDBD in PandaX-II and establish a lower limit for decay half-life of 2.4 $ \times 10^{23} $ yr at the 90% confidence level, which corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass $m_{\beta \beta} < (1.3 - 3.5)$ eV. This is the first NLDBD result reported from a dual-phase xenon experiment.
Characterization of a double Time-Of-Flight detector system for accurate velocity measurement in a storage ring using laser beams
Xin-Liang Yan, Rui-Jiu Chen, Meng Wang, You-Jin Yuan, Jian-Dong Yuan, Shao-Ming Wang, Guo-Zhu Cai, Min Zhang, Zi-Wei Lu, Chao-Yi Fu, Xu Zhou, Dong-Mei Zhao, Yuri A. Litvinov, Yu-Hu Zhang
May 24 2019 physics.ins-det arXiv:1905.09649v1

@misc{1905.09649, author = {Xin-Liang Yan and Rui-Jiu Chen and Meng Wang and You-Jin Yuan and Jian-Dong Yuan and Shao-Ming Wang and Guo-Zhu Cai and Min Zhang and Zi-Wei Lu and Chao-Yi Fu and Xu Zhou and Dong-Mei Zhao and Yuri A.~Litvinov and Yu-Hu Zhang}, title = {{C}haracterization of a double {T}ime-{O}f-{F}light detector system for accurate velocity measurement in a storage ring using laser beams}, year = {2019}, eprint = {1905.09649}, howpublished = {Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A. 931 (2019) 52-59}, doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2019.03.058}, note = {arXiv:1905.09649v1} }
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The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for mass measurements of exotic nuclei with half-lives as short as several tens of micro-seconds in storage rings. In order to improve the mass resolving power while preserving the acceptance of the storage ring, the IMS with two Time-Of-Flight (TOF) detectors has been implemented at the storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou, China. Additional velocity information beside the revolution time in the ring can be obtained for each of the stored ions by using the double TOF detector system. In this paper, we introduced a new method of using a 658 nm laser range finder and a short-pulsed ultra-violet laser to directly measure the distance and time delay difference between the two TOF detectors which were installed inside the $10^{-11}$ mbar vacuum chambers. The results showed that the distance between the two ultra-thin carbon foils of the two TOF detectors was ranging from 18032.5 mm to 18035.0 mm over a measurable area of 20$\times$20 mm$^2$. Given the measured distance, the time delay difference which comes with signal cable length difference between the two TOF detectors was measured to be $\Delta t_{delay1-2}=99$(26) ps. The new method has enabled us to use the speed of light in vacuum to calibrate the velocity of stored ions in the ring. The velocity resolution of the current double TOF detector system at CSRe was deduced to be $\sigma(v)/v=4.4\times 10^{-4}$ for laser light, mainly limited by the time resolution of the TOF detectors.
Topological background discrimination in the PandaX-III neutrinoless double beta decay experiment
J Galan, X Chen, H Du, C Fu, K Giboni, F Giuliani, K Han, B Jiang, X Ji, H Lin, Y Lin, J Liu, K Ni, X Ren, S Wang, S Wu, C Xie, Y Yang, D Zhang, T Zhang, et al (47)
Mar 12 2019 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:1903.03979v2

@misc{1903.03979, author = {J Galan and X Chen and H Du and C Fu and K Giboni and F Giuliani and K Han and B Jiang and X Ji and H Lin and Y Lin and J Liu and K Ni and X Ren and S Wang and S Wu and C Xie and Y Yang and D Zhang and T Zhang and L Zhao and S Aune and Y Bedfer and E Berthoumieux and D Calvet and N d'Hose and E Ferrer-Ribas and F Kunne and B Manier and D Neyret and T Papaevangelou and L Chen and S Hu and S Jian and P Li and X Li and H Zhang and M Zhao and J Zhou and Y Mao and H Qiao and S Wang and Y Yuan and M Wang and Y Chen and A N Khan and N Raper and J Tang and W Wang and C Feng and C Li and J Liu and S Liu and X Wang and D Zhu and J F Castel and S Cebrián and T Dafni and I G Irastorza and G Luzón and H Mirallas and X Sun and A Tan and W Haxton and Y Mei and C Kobdaj and Y Yan}, title = {{T}opological background discrimination in the {P}anda{X}-{III} neutrinoless double beta decay experiment}, year = {2019}, eprint = {1903.03979}, note = {arXiv:1903.03979v2} }
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The PandaX-III experiment plans to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{136}$Xe in the China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL). The experiment will use a high pressure gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to register both the energy and the electron track topology of an event. This article is devoted to the software side of the experiment. As software tool we use REST, a framework developed for the reconstruction and simulation of TPC-based detector systems. We study the potential for background reduction by introducing appropiate parameters based on the properties of 0$\nu\beta\beta$ events. We exploit for the first time not only the energy density of the electron track-ends, but also the electron scattering angles produced by an electron near the end of its trajectory. To implement this, we have added new algorithms for detector signal and track processing inside REST. Their assessment shows that background can be reduced by about 7 orders of magnitude while keeping 0$\nu\beta\beta$ efficiency above 20% for the PandaX-III baseline readout scheme, a 2-dimensional 3mm-pitch stripped readout. More generally, we use the potential of REST to handle 2D/3D data to assess the impact on signal-to-background significance at different detector granularities, and to validate the PandaX-III baseline choice. Finally, we demonstrate the potential to discriminate surface background events generated at the readout plane in the absence of $t_o$, by making use of event parameters related with the diffusion of electrons.
Nuclear probes of an out-of-equilibrium plasma at the highest compression
G. Zhang, M. Huang, A. Bonasera, Y.G. Ma, B.F. Shen, H.W. Wang, W.P. Wang, J.C. Xu, G.T. Fan, H.J. Fu, H. Xue, H. Zheng, L.X. Liu, S. Zhang, W.J. Li, X.G. Cao, X.G. Deng, X.Y. Li, Y.C. Liu, Y. Yu, et al (3)
Dec 18 2018 physics.plasm-ph nucl-ex arXiv:1812.06868v2

@misc{1812.06868, author = {G.~Zhang and M.~Huang and A.~Bonasera and Y.G.~Ma and B.F.~Shen and H.W.~Wang and W.P.~Wang and J.C.~Xu and G.T.~Fan and H.J.~Fu and H.~Xue and H.~Zheng and L.X.~Liu and S.~Zhang and W.J.~Li and X.G.~Cao and X.G.~Deng and X.Y.~Li and Y.C.~Liu and Y.~Yu and Y.~Zhang and C.B.~Fu and X.P.~Zhang}, title = {{N}uclear probes of an out-of-equilibrium plasma at the highest compression}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1812.06868}, howpublished = {Physics Letters A 383, 2285 (2019)}, doi = {10.1016/j.physleta.2019.04.048}, note = {arXiv:1812.06868v2} }
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We report the highest compression reached in laboratory plasmas using eight laser beams, E$_{laser}$$\approx$12 kJ, $\tau_{laser}$=2 ns in third harmonic on a CD$_2$ target at the ShenGuang-II Upgrade (SGII-Up) facility in Shanghai, China. We estimate the deuterium density $\rho_D$= 2.0 $\pm$ 0.9 kg/cm$^{3}$, and the average kinetic energy of the plasma ions less than 1 keV. The highest reached areal density $\Lambda \rho_{D}$=4.8 $\pm$ 1.5 g/cm$^{2}$ was obtained from the measured ratio of the sequential ternary fusion reactions (dd$\rightarrow$t+p and t+d$\rightarrow$$\alpha$+n) and the two body reaction fusions (dd$\rightarrow$$^3$He+n). At such high densities, sequential ternary and also quaternary nuclear reactions become important as well (i.e. n(14.1 MeV) + $^{12}$C $\rightarrow$ n'+$^{12}$C* etc.) resulting in a shift of the neutron (and proton) kinetic energies from their birth values. The Down Scatter Ratio (DSR-quaternary nuclear reactions) method, i.e. the ratio of the 10-12MeV neutrons divided by the total number of 14.1MeV neutrons produced, confirms the high densities reported above. The estimated lifetime of the highly compressed plasma is 52 $\pm$ 9 ps, much smaller than the lasers pulse duration.
Experimental Investigation of the Transition Energy $\gamma_t$ in the Isochronous Mode of the HIRFL-CSRe
W. W. Ge, Y. J. Yuan, J. C. Yang, R. J. Chen, X. L. Yan, H. Du, Z. S. Li, J. Yang, D. Y. Yin, L. J. Mao, X. N. Li, W. H. Zheng, G. D. Shen, B. Wu, S. Ruan, G. Wang, H. Zhao, M. Wang, M. Z. Sun, Y. M. Xing, et al (14)
Dec 03 2018 physics.acc-ph arXiv:1811.12595v1

@misc{1811.12595, author = {W.~W.~Ge and Y.~J.~Yuan and J.~C.~Yang and R.~J.~Chen and X.~L.~Yan and H.~Du and Z.~S.~Li and J.~Yang and D.~Y.~Yin and L.~J.~Mao and X.~N.~Li and W.~H.~Zheng and G.~D.~Shen and B.~Wu and S.~Ruan and G.~Wang and H.~Zhao and M.~Wang and M.~Z.~Sun and Y.~M.~Xing and P.~Zhang and C.~Y.~Fu and P.~Shuai and X.~Xu and Y.~H.~Zhang and T.~Bao and X.~C.~Chen and W.~J.~Huang and H.~F.~Li and J.~H.~Liu and Yu.~A.~Litvinov and S.~Litvinov and Q.~Zeng and X.~Zhou}, title = {{E}xperimental {I}nvestigation of the {T}ransition {E}nergy $\gamma_t$ in the {I}sochronous {M}ode of the {HIRFL}-{CSR}e}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1811.12595}, howpublished = {Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A (2018)}, doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2018.08.059}, note = {arXiv:1811.12595v1} }
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The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) based on storage rings is a powerful technique for mass measurement of short-lived exotic nuclei. The transition energy $\gamma_t$ of the storage ring is a vital parameter of the IMS technique. It is difficult to measure the $\gamma_t$ and its relation to momentum spread or circulating length, especially to monitor the variation of $\gamma_t$ during experiments. An experimental investigation on the $\gamma_t$ has been performed for the IMS experiment at the Cooler Storage Ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSRe). With the velocity measured by two time-of-flight (TOF) detectors, the $\gamma_t$ as a function of orbital length can be determined. The influences of higher order magnetic field components on the $\gamma_t$ function were inferred for isochronous correction. This paper introduces and investigates the influence of dipole magnetic fields, quadrupole magnetic fields and sextupole magnetic fields on the $\gamma_t$ function. With the quadrupole magnets and sextupole magnets corrections, a mass resolution of 171332 (FWHM) and $\sigma(T)/T=1.34\times10^{-6}$ were reached, which shall be compared with 31319 (FWHM) and $\sigma(T)/T=7.35\times10^{-6}$ obtained without correction.
A method to measure the transition energy $\gamma_{t}$ of the isochronously tuned storage ring
R. J. Chen, X. L. Yan, W. W. Ge, Y. J. Yuan, M. Wang, M. Z. Sun, Y. M. Xing, P. Zhang, C. Y. Fu, P. Shuai, X. Xu, Y. H. Zhang, T. Bao, X. C. Chen, X. J. Hu, W. J. Huang, H. F. Li, J. H. Liu, Yu. A. Litvinov, S. A. Litvinov, et al (10)
Nov 26 2018 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:1811.09078v1

@misc{1811.09078, author = {R.~J.~Chen and X.~L.~Yan and W.~W.~Ge and Y.~J.~Yuan and M.~Wang and M.~Z.~Sun and Y.~M.~Xing and P.~Zhang and C.~Y.~Fu and P.~Shuai and X.~Xu and Y.~H.~Zhang and T.~Bao and X.~C.~Chen and X.~J.~Hu and W.~J.~Huang and H.~F.~Li and J.~H.~Liu and Yu.~A.~Litvinov and S.~A.~Litvinov and L.~J.~Mao and B.~Wu and H.~S.~Xu and J.~C.~Yang and D.~Y.~Yin and Q.~Zeng and X.~H.~Zhang and W.~H.~Zheng and X.~H.~Zhou and X.~Zhou}, title = {{A} method to measure the transition energy $\gamma_{t}$ of the isochronously tuned storage ring}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1811.09078}, doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2018.04.056}, note = {arXiv:1811.09078v1} }
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The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful technique developed in heavy-ion storage rings for measuring masses of very short-lived exotic nuclei. The IMS is based on the isochronous setting of the ring. One of the main parameters of this setting is the transition energy $\gamma_{t}$. %The transition energy $\gamma_{t}$ plays an important role in the isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS). It has been a challenge to determine the $\gamma_{t}$ and especially to monitor the variation of $\gamma_{t}$ during experiments. In this paper we introduce a method to measure the $\gamma_{t}$ online during IMS experiments by using the acquired experimental data. Furthermore, since the storage ring has (in our context) a relatively large momentum acceptance, the variation of the $\gamma_{t}$ across the ring acceptance is a source of systematic uncertainty of measured masses. With the installation of two time-of-flight (TOF) detectors, the velocity of each stored ion and its revolution time are simultaneously available for the analysis. These quantities enabled us to determine the $\gamma_{t}$ as a function of orbital length in the ring. The presented method is especially important for future IMS experiments planned at the new-generation storage ring facilities FAIR in Germany and HIAF in China.
A Self-Learning Information Diffusion Model for Smart Social Networks
Qi Xuan, Xincheng Shu, Zhongyuan Ruan, Jinbao Wang, Chenbo Fu, Guanrong Chen
Nov 13 2018 cs.SI physics.soc-ph arXiv:1811.04362v1

@misc{1811.04362, author = {Qi Xuan and Xincheng Shu and Zhongyuan Ruan and Jinbao Wang and Chenbo Fu and Guanrong Chen}, title = {{A} {S}elf-{L}earning {I}nformation {D}iffusion {M}odel for {S}mart {S}ocial {N}etworks}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1811.04362}, note = {arXiv:1811.04362v1} }
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In this big data era, more and more social activities are digitized thereby becoming traceable, and thus the studies of social networks attract increasing attention from academia. It is widely believed that social networks play important role in the process of information diffusion. However, the opposite question, i.e., how does information diffusion process rebuild social networks, has been largely ignored. In this paper, we propose a new framework for understanding this reversing effect. Specifically, we first introduce a novel information diffusion model on social networks, by considering two types of individuals, i.e., smart and normal individuals, and two kinds of messages, true and false messages. Since social networks consist of human individuals, who have self-learning ability, in such a way that the trust of an individual to one of its neighbors increases (or decreases) if this individual received a true (or false) message from that neighbor. Based on such a simple self-learning mechanism, we prove that a social network can indeed become smarter, in terms of better distinguishing the true message from the false one. Moreover, we observe the emergence of social stratification based on the new model, i.e., the true messages initially posted by an individual closer to the smart one can be forwarded by more others, which is enhanced by the self-learning mechanism. We also find the crossover advantage, i.e., interconnection between two chain networks can make the related individuals possessing higher social influences, i.e., their messages can be forwarded by relatively more others. We obtained these results theoretically and validated them by simulations, which help better understand the reciprocity between social networks and information diffusion.
Target Defense Against Link-Prediction-Based Attacks via Evolutionary Perturbations
Shanqing Yu, Minghao Zhao, Chenbo Fu, Huimin Huang, Xincheng Shu, Qi Xuan, Guanrong Chen
Sep 18 2018 cs.SI physics.soc-ph arXiv:1809.05912v1

@misc{1809.05912, author = {Shanqing Yu and Minghao Zhao and Chenbo Fu and Huimin Huang and Xincheng Shu and Qi Xuan and Guanrong Chen}, title = {{T}arget {D}efense {A}gainst {L}ink-{P}rediction-{B}ased {A}ttacks via {E}volutionary {P}erturbations}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1809.05912}, note = {arXiv:1809.05912v1} }
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In social networks, by removing some target-sensitive links, privacy protection might be achieved. However, some hidden links can still be re-observed by link prediction methods on observable networks. In this paper, the conventional link prediction method named Resource Allocation Index (RA) is adopted for privacy attacks. Several defense methods are proposed, including heuristic and evolutionary approaches, to protect targeted links from RA attacks via evolutionary perturbations. This is the first time to study privacy protection on targeted links against link-prediction-based attacks. Some links are randomly selected from the network as targeted links for experimentation. The simulation results on six real-world networks demonstrate the superiority of the evolutionary perturbation approach for target defense against RA attacks. Moreover, transferring experiments show that, although the evolutionary perturbation approach is designed to against RA attacks, it is also effective against other link-prediction-based attacks.
Dark matter direct search sensitivity of the PandaX-4T experiment
Hongguang Zhang, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Xiangyi Cui, Binbin Dong, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Karl Giboni, Franco Giuliani, Linhui Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Zhifan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Shengming He, Di Huang, Xingtao Huang, Zhou Huang, Peng Ji, et al (40)
Jun 07 2018 physics.ins-det arXiv:1806.02229v2

@misc{1806.02229, author = {Hongguang Zhang and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Xiangyi Cui and Binbin Dong and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Karl Giboni and Franco Giuliani and Linhui Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Zhifan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Shengming He and Di Huang and Xingtao Huang and Zhou Huang and Peng Ji and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Shaoli Li and Yao Li and Heng Lin and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Fang Shi and Andi Tan and Anqing Wang and Cheng Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Xiuli Wang and Xuming Wang and Zhou Wang and Mengmeng Wu and Shiyong Wu and Jingkai Xia and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Jijun Yang and Yong Yang and Chunxu Yu and Jumin Yuan and Jianfeng Yue and Dan Zhang and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{D}ark matter direct search sensitivity of the {P}anda{X}-4{T} experiment}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1806.02229}, note = {arXiv:1806.02229v2} }
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The PandaX-4T experiment, a four-ton scale dark matter direct detection experiment, is being planned at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. In this paper we present a simulation study of the expected background in this experiment. In a 2.8-ton fiducial mass and the signal region between 1 to 10 keV electron equivalent energy, the total electron recoil background is found to be 4.9x10^-5 /(kg day keV). The nuclear recoil background in the same region is 2.8x10^-7/(kg day keV). With an exposure of 5.6 ton-years, the sensitivity of PandaX-4T could reach a minimum spin-independent dark matter-nucleon cross section of 6x10^-48 cm^2 at a dark matter mass of 40 GeV/c^2.
First application of combined isochronous and Schottky mass spectrometry: Half-lives of fully ionized 49Cr24+ and 53Fe26+ atoms
X. L. Tu, X. C. Chen, J. T. Zhang, P. Shuai, K. Yue, X. Xu, C. Y. Fu, Q. Zeng, X. Zhou, Y. M. Xing, J. X. Wu, R. S. Mao, L. J. Mao, K. H. Fang, Z. Y. Sun, M. Wang, J. C. Yang, Yu. A. Litvinov, K. Blaum, Y. H. Zhang, et al (4)
Apr 10 2018 nucl-ex physics.ins-det arXiv:1804.02653v1

@misc{1804.02653, author = {X.~L.~Tu and X.~C.~Chen and J.~T.~Zhang and P.~Shuai and K.~Yue and X.~Xu and C.~Y.~Fu and Q.~Zeng and X.~Zhou and Y.~M.~Xing and J.~X.~Wu and R.~S.~Mao and L.~J.~Mao and K.~H.~Fang and Z.~Y.~Sun and M.~Wang and J.~C.~Yang and Yu.~A.~Litvinov and K.~Blaum and Y.~H.~Zhang and Y.~J.~Yuan and X.~W.~Ma and X.~H.~Zhou and H.~S.~Xu}, title = {{F}irst application of combined isochronous and {S}chottky mass spectrometry: {H}alf-lives of fully ionized 49{C}r24+ and 53{F}e26+ atoms}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1804.02653}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014321}, note = {arXiv:1804.02653v1} }
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Lifetime measurements of b -decaying highly charged ions have been performed in the storage ring CSRe by applying the isochronous Schottky mass spectrometry. The fully ionized 49Cr and 53Fe ions were produced in projectile fragmentation of 58Ni primary beam and were stored in the CSRe tuned into the isochronous ion-optical mode. The new resonant Schottky detector was applied to monitor the intensities of stored uncooled 49Cr24+ and 53Fe26+ ions. The extracted half-lives T1/2(49Cr24+) = 44.0(27) min and T1/2(53Fe26+) = 8.47(19) min are in excellent agreement with the literature half-life values corrected for the disabled electron capture branchings. This is an important proof-of-principle step towards realizing the simultaneous mass and lifetime measurements on exotic nuclei at the future storage ring facilities.
Design and commissioning of a 600 L Time Projection Chamber with Microbulk Micromegas
Heng Lin, Denis Calvet, Lei Chen, Xun Chen, Theopisti Dafni, Changbo Fu, Javier Galan, Ke Han, Shouyang Hu, Yikai Huo, Igor G. Irastorza, Xiangdong Ji, Xiaomei Li, Xinglong Li, Jianglai Liu, Hector Mirallas, Damien Neyret, Kaixiang Ni, Hao Qiao, Xiangxiang Ren, et al (6)
Apr 10 2018 physics.ins-det arXiv:1804.02863v3

@misc{1804.02863, author = {Heng Lin and Denis Calvet and Lei Chen and Xun Chen and Theopisti Dafni and Changbo Fu and Javier Galan and Ke Han and Shouyang Hu and Yikai Huo and Igor G.~Irastorza and Xiangdong Ji and Xiaomei Li and Xinglong Li and Jianglai Liu and Hector Mirallas and Damien Neyret and Kaixiang Ni and Hao Qiao and Xiangxiang Ren and Shaobo Wang and Siguang Wang and Yong Yang and Ying Yuan and Tao Zhang and Li Zhao}, title = {{D}esign and commissioning of a 600 {L} {T}ime {P}rojection {C}hamber with {M}icrobulk {M}icromegas}, year = {2018}, eprint = {1804.02863}, howpublished = {JINST 13 (2018) no.06, P06012}, doi = {10.1088/1748-0221/13/06/P06012}, note = {arXiv:1804.02863v3} }
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We report the design, construction, and initial commissioning results of a large high pressure gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with Micromegas modules for charge readout. The detector vessel has an inner volume of about 600 L and an active volume of 270 L. At 10 bar operating pressure, the active volume contains about 20 kg of xenon gas and can image charged particle tracks. Drift electrons are collected by the charge readout plane, which accommodates a tessellation of seven Micromegas modules. Each of the Micromegas covers a square of 20 cm by 20 cm. A new type of Microbulk Micromegas is chosen for this application due to its good gain uniformity and low radioactive contamination. Initial commissioning results with 1 Micromegas module running with 1 bar argon and isobutane gas mixture and 5 bar xenon and trimethylamine (TMA) gas mixture are reported. We also recorded extended background tracks from cosmic ray events and highlighted the unique tracking feature of this gaseous TPC.
PFA Oriented ECAL Optimization for the CEPC
H.Zhao, M.Ruan, C.Fu, D.Yu, Z.Wang, T.Hu
Dec 29 2017 physics.ins-det hep-ex arXiv:1712.09625v3

@misc{1712.09625, author = {H.Zhao and M.Ruan and C.Fu and D.Yu and Z.Wang and T.Hu}, title = {{PFA} {O}riented {ECAL} {O}ptimization for the {CEPC}}, year = {2017}, eprint = {1712.09625}, note = {arXiv:1712.09625v3} }
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The design and optimization of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) are crucial for the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) project, a proposed future Higgs/Z factory. Following the reference design of the International Large Detector (ILD), a set of silicon-tungsten sampling ECAL geometries are implemented into the Geant4 simulation, whose performance is then scanned using Arbor algorithm. At single particle level, the photon energy response at different ECAL longitudinal structures is analyzed. At bi-particle sample, the separation performance with different ECAL transverse cell sizes is investigated and parametrized. The overall performance is characterized by a set of physics benchmarks, including $\nu\nu H$ events where Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons (EM objects) or gluons (jets) and $Z\to\tau^+\tau^-$ events. Based on these results, we proposed an optimized ECAL geometry for the CEPC project.
Towards High-quality Visualization of Superfluid Vortices
Yulong Guo, Xiaopei Liu, Chi Xiong, Xuemiao Xu, Chi-Wing Fu
Oct 10 2017 physics.flu-dyn cs.GR arXiv:1710.02630v1

@misc{1710.02630, author = {Yulong Guo and Xiaopei Liu and Chi Xiong and Xuemiao Xu and Chi-Wing Fu}, title = {{T}owards {H}igh-quality {V}isualization of {S}uperfluid {V}ortices}, year = {2017}, eprint = {1710.02630}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2017.2719684}, note = {arXiv:1710.02630v1} }
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Superfluidity is a special state of matter exhibiting macroscopic quantum phenomena and acting like a fluid with zero viscosity. In such a state, superfluid vortices exist as phase singularities of the model equation with unique distributions. This paper presents novel techniques to aid the visual understanding of superfluid vortices based on the state-of-the-art non-linear Klein-Gordon equation, which evolves a complex scalar field, giving rise to special vortex lattice/ring structures with dynamic vortex formation, reconnection, and Kelvin waves, etc. By formulating a numerical model with theoretical physicists in superfluid research, we obtain high-quality superfluid flow data sets without noise-like waves, suitable for vortex visualization. By further exploring superfluid vortex properties, we develop a new vortex identification and visualization method: a novel mechanism with velocity circulation to overcome phase singularity and an orthogonal-plane strategy to avoid ambiguity. Hence, our visualizations can help reveal various superfluid vortex structures and enable domain experts for related visual analysis, such as the steady vortex lattice/ring structures, dynamic vortex string interactions with reconnections and energy radiations, where the famous Kelvin waves and decaying vortex tangle were clearly observed. These visualizations have assisted physicists to verify the superfluid model, and further explore its dynamic behavior more intuitively.
Demonstration of Laser-produced Neutron Diagnostic by Radiative Capture Gamma-rays
Xiaopeng Zhang, Wenqing Wei, Changbo Fu, Xiaohui Yuan, Songhai An, Yanqing Deng, Yuan Fang, Jian Gao, Xulei Ge, Bing Guo, Chuangye He, Peng Hu, Neng Hua, Weiman Jiang, Liang Li, Mengting Li, Yifei Li, Yutong Li, Guoqiang Liao, Feng Liu, et al (12)
Sep 21 2017 physics.ins-det nucl-ex arXiv:1709.06561v1

@misc{1709.06561, author = {Xiaopeng Zhang and Wenqing Wei and Changbo Fu and Xiaohui Yuan and Songhai An and Yanqing Deng and Yuan Fang and Jian Gao and Xulei Ge and Bing Guo and Chuangye He and Peng Hu and Neng Hua and Weiman Jiang and Liang Li and Mengting Li and Yifei Li and Yutong Li and Guoqiang Liao and Feng Liu and Longxiang Liu and Hongwei Wang and Pengqian Yang and Su Yang and Tao Yang and Guoqiang Zhang and Yue Zhang and Baoqiang Zhu and Xiaofeng Xi and Jianqiang Zhu and Zhengming Sheng and Jie Zhang}, title = {{D}emonstration of {L}aser-produced {N}eutron {D}iagnostic by {R}adiative {C}apture {G}amma-rays}, year = {2017}, eprint = {1709.06561}, note = {arXiv:1709.06561v1} }
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We report a new scenario of time-of-flight (TOF) technique in which fast neutrons and delayed gamma-ray signals were both recorded in a millisecond time window in harsh environments induced by high-intensity lasers. The delayed gamma signals, arriving far later than the original fast neutron and often being ignored previously, were identified to be the results of radiative captures of thermalized neutrons. The linear correlation between gamma photon number and the fast neutron yield shows that these delayed gamma events can be employed for neutron diagnosis. This method can reduce the detecting efficiency dropping problem caused by prompt high-flux gamma radiation, and provides a new way for neutron diagnosing in high-intensity laser-target interaction experiments.
Dark Matter Results From 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment
PandaX-II Collaboration, Xiangyi Cui, Abdusalam Abdukerim, Wei Chen, Xun Chen, Yunhua Chen, Binbin Dong, Deqing Fang, Changbo Fu, Karl Giboni, Franco Giuliani, Linhui Gu, Yikun Gu, Xuyuan Guo, Zhifan Guo, Ke Han, Changda He, Di Huang, Shengming He, Xingtao Huang, et al (37)
Aug 24 2017 astro-ph.CO hep-ex hep-ph physics.ins-det arXiv:1708.06917v2

@misc{1708.06917, author = {PandaX-II Collaboration and Xiangyi Cui and Abdusalam Abdukerim and Wei Chen and Xun Chen and Yunhua Chen and Binbin Dong and Deqing Fang and Changbo Fu and Karl Giboni and Franco Giuliani and Linhui Gu and Yikun Gu and Xuyuan Guo and Zhifan Guo and Ke Han and Changda He and Di Huang and Shengming He and Xingtao Huang and Zhou Huang and Xiangdong Ji and Yonglin Ju and Shaoli Li and Yao Li and Heng Lin and Huaxuan Liu and Jianglai Liu and Yugang Ma and Yajun Mao and Kaixiang Ni and Jinhua Ning and Xiangxiang Ren and Fang Shi and Andi Tan and Cheng Wang and Hongwei Wang and Meng Wang and Qiuhong Wang and Siguang Wang and Xiuli Wang and Xuming Wang and Qinyu Wu and Shiyong Wu and Mengjiao Xiao and Pengwei Xie and Binbin Yan and Yong Yang and Jianfeng Yue and Dan Zhang and Hongguang Zhang and Tao Zhang and Tianqi Zhang and Li Zhao and Jifang Zhou and Ning Zhou and Xiaopeng Zhou}, title = {{D}ark {M}atter {R}esults {F}rom 54-{T}on-{D}ay {E}xposure of {P}anda{X}-{II} {E}xperiment}, year = {2017}, eprint = {1708.06917}, note = {arXiv:1708.06917v2} }
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We report a new search of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the combined low background data sets in 2016 and 2017 from the PandaX-II experiment in China. The latest data set contains a new exposure of 77.1 live day, with the background reduced to a level of 0.8$\times10^{-3}$ evt/kg/day, improved by a factor of 2.5 in comparison to the previous run in 2016. No excess events were found above the expected background. With a total exposure of 5.4$\times10^4$ kg day, the most stringent upper limit on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section was set for a WIMP with mass larger than 100 GeV/c$^2$, with the lowest exclusion at 8.6$\times10^{-47}$ cm$^2$ at 40 GeV/c$^2$.