Resonant-clock design for a power-efficient, high-volume x86-64 microprocessor

VS Sathe, S Arekapudi, A Ishii…�- IEEE Journal of Solid�…, 2012 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
VS Sathe, S Arekapudi, A Ishii, C Ouyang, MC Papaefthymiou, S Naffziger
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2012ieeexplore.ieee.org
AMD's 32-nm x86-64 core code-named “Piledriver” features a resonant global clock
distribution to reduce clock distribution power while maintaining a low clock skew. To
support a wide range of operating frequencies expected of the core, the global clock system
operates in two modes: a resonant-clock (rclk) mode for energy-efficient operation over a
desired frequency range and a conventional, direct-drive mode (cclk) to support low-
frequency operation. This dual-mode feature was implemented with minimal area impact to�…
AMD's 32-nm x86-64 core code-named “Piledriver” features a resonant global clock distribution to reduce clock distribution power while maintaining a low clock skew. To support a wide range of operating frequencies expected of the core, the global clock system operates in two modes: a resonant-clock (rclk) mode for energy-efficient operation over a desired frequency range and a conventional, direct-drive mode (cclk) to support low-frequency operation. This dual-mode feature was implemented with minimal area impact to achieve both reduced average power dissipation and improved power-constrained performance. In Piledriver, resonant clocking achieves a peak 25% global clock power reduction at 75 C, which translates to a 4.5% reduction in average application core power.
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