Complement factor H in molecular regulation of angiogenesis
- PMID: 39444793
- PMCID: PMC11495524
- DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0048
Complement factor H in molecular regulation of angiogenesis
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels, is required for multiple physiological and pathological processes. Complement factor H (CFH) is a plasma protein that inhibits the alternative pathway of the complement system. Loss of CFH enhances the alternative pathway and increases complement activation fragments with pro-angiogenic capacity, including complement 3a, complement 5a, and membrane attack complex. CFH protein contains binding sites for C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, and endothelial heparan sulfates. Dysfunction of CFH prevents its interaction with these molecules and initiates pro-angiogenic events. Mutations in the CFH gene have been found in patients with age-related macular degeneration characterized by choroidal neovascularization. The Cfh-deficient mice show an increase in angiogenesis, which is decreased by administration of recombinant CFH protein. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of the anti-angiogenic effects of CFH and the regulatory mechanisms of CFH expression. The therapeutic potential of recombinant CFH protein in angiogenesis-related diseases has also been discussed.
Keywords: angiogenesis; complement factor H; mechanical properties; therapeutic target.
© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interests: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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