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. 2024 Jan 16;15(2):715-724.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.514443. eCollection 2024 Feb 1.

Optical biosensor based on weak measurement for ultra-sensitive detection of calreticulin in human serum

Zhikang Peng  1 , Jiali Chen  1 , Yufei Liu  1 , Dongmei Li  1 , Yixiao Li  1 , Qihao Zhang  1 , Chaoyi Chen  1 , Ying Zhang  2 , Jia Yao  3 , Shuqian Wang  3 , Qiang Lin  1 , Yi Ruan  1
Affiliations

Optical biosensor based on weak measurement for ultra-sensitive detection of calreticulin in human serum

Zhikang Peng et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

A novel real-time optical phase sensing method based on the Mach-Zehnder interference principle has been proposed for the detection of calreticulin (CRT) levels in human serum samples. In this approach, anti-CRT antibodies are utilized to capture CRT molecules in serum, leading to a phase shift in both the measuring and reference arms of the system. By employing the concept of weak amplification within the framework of weak measurements, it becomes feasible to continuously monitor the response of CRT in real-time, allowing for the precise determination of serum CRT content at the picomolar level. Our achievement may pave the way in establishing CRT as a diagnostic biomarker for a wide range of medical applications, including rheumatoid arthritis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Weak measurement system with Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure. SLD, super luminescent diode.GF, Gaussian filter. P1 and P2, polarimeters. BD1 and BD2, birefringent crystal beam splitters. HWP, half wave plate. TWP, tunable wave plate. The black lines on P1 and P2 represent the transmission axis of the polarizer.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
The relationship between central wavelength and phase difference. The points in the figure represent the spectral center wavelengths corresponding to different phases obtained by adjusting the phase difference through the tunable waveplates in the sensor, and the red line represents the fitting curve. The illustration shows the fluctuation of the central wavelength within 10 minutes without any operation on the system.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
CRT standard calibration curve. The illustration shows the deviation of the center wavelength before and after dropping a CRT standard.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Real time monitoring of serum CRT capture.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
Center wavelength shift of patient serum diluent.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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