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Review
. 2023 Dec 20;15(1):10.
doi: 10.3390/mi15010010.

Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs-A Review

Katarzyna Fendrych  1 , Anna Górska-Ratusznik  2 , Joanna Smajdor  1
Affiliations
Review

Electrochemical Assays for the Determination of Antidiabetic Drugs-A Review

Katarzyna Fendrych et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding electrochemical methods for determining the active substances within drugs that are used in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrochemical methods of analysis, due to their sensitivity and easiness, are a great alternative to other, usually more expensive analytical assays. The determination of active substances mentioned in this review is based on oxidation or reduction processes on the surface of the working electrode. A wide variety of working electrodes, often modified with materials such as nanoparticles or conducting polymers, have been used for the highly sensitive analysis of antidiabetic drugs. The presented assays allow us to determine the compounds of interest in various samples, such as pharmaceutical products or different human bodily fluids.

Keywords: diabetes; electrochemistry; voltammetry; working electrodes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
General structure formula of sulfonylureas.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structure of metformin (molecular weight: 129.167 g/mol; molecular formula: C4H11N5).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structure of sitagliptin (molecular weight: 523.32 g mol−1; molecular formula: C16H15F6N5O).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structure of linagliptin (molecular weight: 472.54 g mol−1; molecular formula: C25H28N8O2).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structure of vildagliptin (molecular weight: 303.406 g mol−1; molecular formula: C17H25N3O2).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structure of pioglitazone (molecular weight: 356.44 g mol−1; molecular formula: C19H20N2O3S).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structure of rosiglitazone (molecular weight: 357.43 g mol−1; molecular formula: C19H20N2O3S).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structure of repaglinide (molecular weight: 452.595 g mol−1; molecular formula: C27H36N2O4).
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