Simultaneous quantification of hyperpolarized xenon-129 ventilation and gas exchange with multi-breath xenon-polarization transfer contrast (XTC) MRI
- PMID: 37533368
- PMCID: PMC10543483
- DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29804
Simultaneous quantification of hyperpolarized xenon-129 ventilation and gas exchange with multi-breath xenon-polarization transfer contrast (XTC) MRI
Abstract
Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of a multi-breath xenon-polarization transfer contrast (XTC) MR imaging approach for simultaneously evaluating regional ventilation and gas exchange parameters.
Methods: Imaging was performed in five healthy volunteers and six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The multi-breath XTC protocol consisted of three repeated schemes of six wash-in breaths of a xenon mixture and four normoxic wash-out breaths, with and without selective saturation of either the tissue membrane or red blood cell (RBC) resonances. Acquisitions were performed at end-exhalation while subjects maintained tidal breathing throughout the session. The no-saturation, membrane-saturation, and RBC-saturation images were fit to a per-breath gas replacement model for extracting voxelwise tidal volume (TV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and fractional ventilation (FV), as well as tissue- and RBC-gas exchange (fMem and fRBC , respectively). The sensitivity of the derived model was also evaluated via simulations.
Results: With the exception of FRC, whole-lung averages for all metrics were decreased in the COPD subjects compared to the healthy cohort, significantly so for FV, fRBC , and fMem . Heterogeneity was higher overall in the COPD subjects, particularly for fRBC , fMem , and fRBC:Mem . The anterior-to-posterior gradient associated with the gravity-dependence of lung function in supine imaging was also evident for FV, fRBC , and fMem values in the healthy subjects, but noticeably absent in the COPD cohort.
Conclusion: Multi-breath XTC imaging generated high-resolution, co-registered maps of ventilation and gas exchange parameters acquired during tidal breathing and with low per-breath xenon doses. Clear differences between healthy and COPD subjects were apparent and consistent with spirometry.
Keywords: XTC; dissolved-phase imaging; fractional ventilation; hyperpolarized xenon-129; lung MRI; multi-breath; xenon-polarization transfer contrast.
© 2023 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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