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Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Sep 6;7(1):10611.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11023-4.

Impact of nutritional supplements on cognitive development of children in developing countries: A meta-analysis

Patrick Ip  1 , Frederick Ka Wing Ho  2 , Nirmala Rao  3 , Jin Sun  4 , Mary Eming Young  5 , Chun Bong Chow  2 , Winnie Tso  2 , Kam Lun Hon  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Impact of nutritional supplements on cognitive development of children in developing countries: A meta-analysis

Patrick Ip et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Nutritional supplements may be important on cognition but the evidence is heterogeneous. This meta-analysis aimed (1) to determine whether nutritional supplements provided to pregnant women or young children could improve cognitive development of children in developing countries, and (2) to explore how supplementation characteristics could improve children's cognitive outcomes. This meta-analysis examined nutritional supplementation studies in 9 electronic databases and 13 specialist websites. Experimental studies were included if they were published from 1992 to 2016, were conducted in developing countries, had nutritional supplementation for pregnant women or children aged ≤8, and reported effect sizes on cognitive outcomes. Interventions with confounded components, such as stimulation and parenting, were excluded. 67 interventions (48 studies) for 29814 children from 20 developing countries were evaluated. Childhood nutritional supplementation could improve children's cognitive development (d 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.13) and those with ≥5 nutrients was particularly beneficial (0.15, 0.08-0.22). Antenatal supplementation did not improve cognitive development (0.02, -0.01 to 0.06) except for those implemented in the first trimester (0.15, 0.03-0.28). In conclusion, childhood nutritional supplementation was beneficial to cognitive development but could be optimised by providing multiple nutrients; antenatal supplementation should target pregnancy women in the first trimester for better cognitive benefits.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Identification of nutritional supplementation studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plots of childhood supplementation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plots of antenatal supplementation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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