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. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):817.
doi: 10.1126/science.1180660. Epub 2009 Oct 8.

Genotype analysis identifies the cause of the "royal disease"

Evgeny I Rogaev  1 , Anastasia P Grigorenko, Gulnaz Faskhutdinova, Ellen L W Kittler, Yuri K Moliaka
Affiliations

Genotype analysis identifies the cause of the "royal disease"

Evgeny I Rogaev et al. Science. .

Abstract

The "royal disease," a blood disorder transmitted from Queen Victoria to European royal families, is a striking example of X-linked recessive inheritance. Although the disease is widely recognized to be a form of the blood clotting disorder hemophilia, its molecular basis has never been identified, and the royal disease is now likely extinct. We identified the likely disease-causing mutation by applying genomic methodologies (multiplex target amplification and massively parallel sequencing) to historical specimens from the Romanov branch of the royal family. The mutation occurs in F9, a gene on the X chromosome that encodes blood coagulation factor IX, and is predicted to alter RNA splicing and to lead to production of a truncated form of factor IX. Thus, the royal disease is the severe form of hemophilia, also known as hemophilia B or Christmas disease.

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