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Aprašymas
English: The size and growth of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), represented by various individuals reported in the literature. A small 55 centimetres (22 in) pup, a 5.62 metres (18.4 ft) juvenile, a generic 9 metres (30 ft) young adult, a large 12.1 metres (40 ft) adult, and an exceptionally large adult with a precaudal length of 15 metres (49 ft).


• The whale shark silhouettes are scaled to measurements of various individuals reported in the literature and influenced by whale shark images found online.
• The smallest individual in the chart is based on measurements of a 'pup' described by Wolfson (1983), reported as 55 cm.[1]
• The 'juvenile' individual is based on measurements in Silas & Rajagopalan (1963), reported as 5.62 m.[2]
• Evidence from mainly male whale sharks suggests that they are sexually mature at around 8-9 m in length (9 m shown here). Females might mature at a similar size or larger.[3][4][5] In 2020, it was shown that whale sharks are sexually dimorphic regarding body size, with males reaching smaller sizes than females. Meekan et al. (2020) estimated that males reach an average length of 8-9 m; this is an average, not the maximum possible male size. There was less data for females, but Meekan et al. (2020) estimated an average of ~14.5 m. However, this value lowered to ~12.1 m if aquarium whale sharks were included.[6]
• The 'large adult' silhouette is based primarily on measurements of a whale shark reported by Kaikini et al. (1959) and inspired by images of large females seen around the Galapagos.[7] Artists note: Whilst this whale shark was reported at 12.1 m in total length, the precaudal length was reported at 9.84 m, and the upper caudal fin was 2.31 m. Reaching the reported total length of 12.1 m would require the upper caudal fin to be illustrated at a shallow angle. This might imply the shark's total length was measured with the stretched-out or over the body's curves.
• The largest size possible for whale sharks is uncertain. Reports suggest individuals around ~18-20 m, but many of these reports lack detailed measurements or documentation. The largest silhouette is scaled to 15 m standard length (precaudal length), based on an individual reported by Borrell et al. (2011). The total length was not documented; the authors estimated the total length at 18.8 m using an equation.[8] McClain et al. (2015) considered this whale shark as the largest reliably measured.[9]
• Note: There are several ways to measure a shark's total length. Some shark reports calculate the total length by adding the caudal fin to the pre-caudal length. Additionally, the whole shark can be measured by running a tape along the body's curves. Another way is by stretching the caudal fin to the maximum possible (referred to as stretched total length). These methods artificially increase the shark's total length when compared to how the shark measures in a natural posture. Another method is to try and pose the shark's tail fin in a natural position. However, for large sharks, this method is difficult to achieve. Any inaccuracy in the positioning of the tail can affect the reported total length measurement.[10] The whale sharks in this image might not match the reported total length because of these issues.
• Human diver scaled to 180 cm (5 ft 11 in). Silhouette extracted from File:Sperm_whale_size.svg.

References

  1. ↑ Wolfson, F. H. (1983). "Records of seven juveniles of the whale shark, Rhiniodon typus". Journal of Fish Biology 22 (6): 647–655. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb04224.x. ISSN 0022-1112.
  2. ↑ Silas, E. G. (1963). "On a recent capture of a whale shark (Rhincodon typus Smith) at Tuticorin, with a note on information to be obtained on whale sharks from Indian waters". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 5 (1): 153-157.
  3. ↑ Colman, J. G. (1997). "A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark". Journal of Fish Biology 51 (6): 1219–1234. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01138.x. ISSN 1095-8649.
  4. ↑ Stevens, J. D. (2007-03-01). "Whale shark (Rhincodon typus) biology and ecology: A review of the primary literature". Fisheries Research 84 (1): 4–9. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.008. ISSN 0165-7836.
  5. ↑ Norman, Bradley M. (2007-03-01). "Size and maturity status of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia". Fisheries Research 84 (1): 81–86. DOI:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.015. ISSN 0165-7836.
  6. ↑ Meekan, Mark G. (2020). "Asymptotic Growth of Whale Sharks Suggests Sex-Specific Life-History Strategies". Frontiers in Marine Science 7. DOI:10.3389/fmars.2020.575683. ISSN 2296-7745.
  7. ↑ Kaikini, A. S. (1959). "A note on the whale shark Rhincodon typus Smith, stranded off Mangalore". Central Marine Fisheries Research Unit, Mangalore..
  8. ↑ Borrell, Asunción (2011). "Stable isotope profiles in whale shark (Rhincodon typus) suggest segregation and dissimilarities in the diet depending on sex and size". Environmental Biology of Fishes 92 (4): 559–567. DOI:10.1007/s10641-011-9879-y. ISSN 0378-1909.
  9. ↑ McClain, Craig R. (2015-01-13). "Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna". PeerJ 3: e715. DOI:10.7717/peerj.715. ISSN 2167-8359.
  10. ↑ Rowat, D. (2012). "A review of the biology, fisheries and conservation of the whale shark Rhincodon typus". Journal of Fish Biology 80 (5): 1019–1056. DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03252.x. ISSN 1095-8649.
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Šaltinis Mano darbas
Autorius Steveoc 86
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Sizes of found whale shark specimens, with human to scale

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23 spalio 2019

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Rinkmenos istorija

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Data/LaikasMiniatiūraMatmenysNaudotojasPaaiškinimas
dabartinis15:38, 7 balandžio 2024Versijos 15:38, 7 balandžio 2024 miniatiūra1 920 × 1 200 (74 KiB)Steveoc 86Wiki compatible text, other cosmetic adjustments
16:47, 21 rugsėjo 2021Versijos 16:47, 21 rugsėjo 2021 miniatiūra1 920 × 1 200 (191 KiB)Steveoc 86Minor adjustments
20:59, 4 liepos 2020Versijos 20:59, 4 liepos 2020 miniatiūra1 920 × 1 200 (193 KiB)Steveoc 86Spelling.
13:15, 12 birželio 2020Versijos 13:15, 12 birželio 2020 miniatiūra1 920 × 1 200 (216 KiB)Steveoc 86Minor adjustments
21:47, 25 vasario 2020Versijos 21:47, 25 vasario 2020 miniatiūra1 920 × 1 200 (189 KiB)Steveoc 865.6 - 5.62m Minor adjustments
01:36, 12 vasario 2020Versijos 01:36, 12 vasario 2020 miniatiūra1 920 × 1 200 (185 KiB)Steveoc 86Up-res, Minor cosmetic changes.
21:32, 16 lapkričio 2019Versijos 21:32, 16 lapkričio 2019 miniatiūra1 280 × 800 (185 KiB)Steveoc 86Align to the left. Correct '12.1m' silhouette to match published measurements.
16:47, 23 spalio 2019Versijos 16:47, 23 spalio 2019 miniatiūra1 280 × 800 (185 KiB)Steveoc 86User created page with UploadWizard

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