Hafnia

Hafnia^[1][2] (Danice København) est urbs et caput Daniae 591 481 incolarum (2016). Metropoli 2 027 628 incolae erant a censu 2015 mensurum.

Urbs in lingua Danica veteri vocata est Køpmannæhafn, scilicet "portus mercatorum", quod de urbis significatione sub Aevo Medio dicit. Anno 1043 prima vice renominabatur Havn, "portus".

Hafnia in insula Selandia sita est et apud Oresundae fretum.

Hafnia fuit parvus piscatorum vicus usque ad medium saeculum XII, cum oppidum aedificatum est. Anno 1254 episcopus Iacobus Erlandsen Hafniae ius urbi concessit. Anno 1416 Hafnia sedes regis Daniae fit. Anno 1479 Universitas Hafniensis, maxima et vetustissima universitas studiorum Danica, condita est.

Ab anno 1940 usque ad annum 1945, Hafnia cum tota Dania a Germanis occupata erat.

Anno 1996 caput culturale Europaeum fuit.

Olim Hafnia aliis quoque nominibus nota est: Codania,^[1][3] Codonia,^[1] Copenhaga,^[1] Haffnia,^[1] Haffniae,^[1] Haphnia,^[4] Haunia,^[5] Havnia,^[1] Portus Mercatorum.^[6]

• Statio Media Hafniensis

• Gefion Gymnasium

• Universitas Hafniensis

• Hilton Deversorium Aeroportus Hafniense

• Amalienborg
• Christiansborg

• Rosenborg

• Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae
• Ecclesia Grundtvig
• Ecclesia Nostri Salvatoris
• Ecclesia Sancti Albani

Decursus numeri incolarum Hafniae (ab anno 1971: per 1 Ianuarii):

1450 - ca. 4-5 000 1500 - ca. 10 000 1650 - ca. 30 000 1700 - ca. 65 000 1769 - 80 000 1787 - 90 032 1801 - 100 975 1840 - 120 819 1850 - 129 695 1860 - 155 143

1870 - 181 291 1880 - 234 850 1890 - 312 859 1901 - 360 787 1901 - 400 575 1911 - 462 161 1921 - 561 344 1930 - 617 069 1940 - 700 465 1950 - 768 105

1960 - 721 381 1963 - 706 000 1966 - 678 000 1970 - 622 773 1971 - 625 678 1972 - 610 985 1973 - 595 751 1974 - 576 030 1975 - 562 405 1976 - 545 350

1977 - 529 154 1978 - 515 594 1979 - 505 974 1980 - 498 850 1985 - 478 615 1990 - 466 723 1992 - 464 566 1995 - 471 300 1999 - 491 082 2000 - 495 699

2001 - 499 148 2002 - 500 531 2003 - 501 289 2004 - 501 664 2005 - 502 362 2006 - 501 158 2007 - 503 699 2008 - 509 861 2009 - 518 574 2010 - 528 208

• Nicolaus Steno (1638–1686), episcopus, anatomus et geologus Danicus
• Asta Nielsen (1881-1972), actrix pellicularum mutarum
• Carolus Ferdinandus Rasmussen (1831-1903), architectus
• Christianus Fredericus Hansen (1756-1845), architectus
• Ericus Bruhn (1928-1986), saltator et choreographus
• Holger Drachmann, pictor et scriptor

• Nicolaus Fredericus Severinus Grundtvig (1783-1872), presbyter, politicus, translator, scriptor et episcopus
• Olaus Wormius (1588-1654), archivarius, conditor archaeologiae Danicae, doctor medicinae Universitatis Basiliensis, ac magister artium humaniorium et professor in Universitate Hafniensi

• Pons Oresundianus

• Schaldemose, Anne Prytz (2005). Copenhagen, People and Places. Gyldendal A/S. ISBN 978-87-02-02751-8 
• Booth, Michael (1 January 2003). Time Out Copenhagen. Penguin Group USA. ISBN 978-0-14-100839-4 
• Brebbia, C. A. (1 Maii 2013). Sustainable Development and Planning VI. WIT Press. ISBN 978-1-84564-714-8 
• Cardarelli, François (19 Martii 2008). Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference. Springer. ISBN 978-1-84628-669-8 
• Cervero, Robert (1 Octobris 1998). The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Island Press. ISBN 978-1-59726-931-5 
• Formula:Cite EB1911
• Christopher, Paul J. (31 Iulii 2006). Greatest Cities in the World You Should Visit. Encouragement Press, LLC. ISBN 978-1-933766-01-0 
• Will Coldwell, "Nightlife reports: a tour of Copenhagen's clubs and bars" in The Guardian (26 Aprilis 2015)
• Cowie, Leonard W. (1 Septembris 1990). Lord Nelson, 1758–1805: A Bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-28082-5 
• Cunningham, Antonia (2 Aprilis 2013). DK Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guide: Copenhagen. Dorling Kindersley Limited. ISBN 978-1-4093-2964-0 
• Davies, Elwyn (1944). Denmark. Naval Intelligence Division 
• Fountain, Jane; Korf, Dirk J. (1 Ianuarii 2007). Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Radcliffe Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3 
• Harding, Paul (2009). Scandinavian Europe. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74104-928-2 
• Hinde, Wendy (1973). George Canning. Collins 
• Jason, Heda; Segal, Dimitri (1 Ianuarii 1977). Patterns in Oral Literature. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-081002-8 
• Athlyn Cathcart-Keays, Tim Warin, "Story of cities #36: how Copenhagen rejected 1960s modernist 'utopia'" in The Guardian (5 Maii 2016) (Anglice)
• Kjaer, Michael; Krogsgaard, Michael; Magnusson, Peter; Lars Engebretsen; Harald Roos; Timo Takala; Savio L-Y. Woo (15 Aprilis 2008). Textbook of Sports Medicine: Basic Science and Clinical Aspects of Sports Injury and Physical Activity. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-4057-7 
• Lauring, Kåre (2003). Byen brænder – den store brand i København 1728. Hafniae: Gyldendal. ISBN 87-02-01895-0 
• Nelson, Viscount Horatio Nelson (2005). Nelson, the New Letters. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-130-3 
• O'Brien, Sally (2005). Copenaghen: Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74104-035-7 
• Phillips, Ron (January 2011). Arts Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Can Every City be "Austintatious"?. Now Publishers Inc. ISBN 978-1-60198-412-8 
• Pocock, Tom (1994). Horatio Nelson. Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-7126-6123-2 
• Raabyemagle, Hanne (1998). "Harsdorff shows the way". In Raabyemagle, H.. Classicism in Copenhagen. Dania: Gyldendal. ISBN 87-00-34356-0 
• Schaldemose, Anne Prytz (2005). Copenhagen, People and Places. Gyldendal A/S. ISBN 978-87-02-02751-8 
• Skaarup, Bi; Jensen, Johan R. M. (2002). Arkæologien i metroens spor: The archaeology in the tracks of the metro. The Orestad Development Corporation and Copenhagen City Museum. ISBN 87-90143-15-9 
• Smith, Digby George (1998). The Greenhill Napoleonic wars data book. Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-276-7 
• Woodward, Christopher (1998). Copenhagen. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-5193-7 

• Pagina officialis

• 
  Hafnia anno 1642.
• 
  Despectus in Nyhavn, locus portuarius in urbe.
• 
  Theatrum Operaticum Hafniense.
• 
  Palatium Amalienborg.
• 
  Statua Adami Oehlenschlager.