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{{Videdis|Indus (discretiva)}}
[[Fasciculus:Indus.A2002274.0610.1km.jpg|thumb|Despectus in pelvem Fluminis Indi in Pakistania meridiana, ex satellite]]
[[Fasciculus:Indus river from karakouram highway.jpg|thumb|Indus prope [[Karakoram]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Thal Canal.JPG|thumb|Canalis Thal ex Flumine Indo [[Pakistania]]e visus]]
'''Indus'''<ref>[[Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[De natura deorum]]'' [http://latin.packhum.org/loc/474/50/54/369-374@1 2.130].</ref> (vulgo ''Sindhū'', ''Abāsīn'', etc.; vide [[#Nomen|infra]]) est maius [[flumen]] quod [[Pakistania]]m praeterfluit; ei etiam sunt cursus per [[Sinae (regio)|Sinas]] et [[India]].

Flumen, quod in [[Planities Thibetana|Planitie Thibetana]] Sinae occidentalis prope [[Lacus Mansarovar|Lacum Mansarovar]] in [[Regio Autonoma Thibetana|Regione Autonoma Thibetana]] oritur, cursum habet per districtum [[Ladakh]] [[Jammu et Kashmir]], et deinde in Pakistaniam per regionem [[Gilgit et Baltistania]]m intrat, post per [[Pakistania Septentrionalis|Pakistaniam Septentrionalem]] ad [[meridies|meridiem]] secundum omnem Pakistaniae [[longitudo|longitudinem]] perfluens, ut postremum in [[Mare Arabicum]] prope [[portus|portum]] [[Karachium]] in [[Sindia (Pakistania)|Sindia]] defluat. Sua longititudo est 3180 km, et id est longissimum Pakistaniae flumen.

Flumini est [[pelvis siccationis]] plus quam 1165000 chiliometra quadrata. Sua aestimata fluxio annua est circa 207 chiliometra cubica; ergo secundum fluxum annuum id est vicensimum primum orbis terrarum flumen. Id, in [[glaciarium|glaciariis]] summi mundi oriens, [[aqua]]m [[oecosystema]]tibus [[silva]]rum [[zona temperata|temperatarum]], [[planities|planitierum]], et terrarum aridarum suppeditat. Una cum fluminibus [[Hydaspes|Hydaspe]], [[Acesines|Acesine]], [[Hydraotes|Hydraote]], [[Hyphasis|Hyphasi]] et [[Hesydrus|Hesydro]] (quae sunt [[Pengabum|Pengabi]] flumina quinque), et duo tributarii ex [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] et [[Afgania]], Indus [[Delta Fluminis Indi|delta]] constitit [[Pakistania]]e in [[Rigveda]] [[Veda|Vedica]] ut ''[[Sapta Sindhu]]'' et in [[Iraniani|Iranico]]<!--Iranian peoples--> [[Zend Avesta]] ut ''[[Hapta Hindu]]'' memoratam, ambobus nominibus 'Septem Flumina' significantibus.

Flumen fuit res admirationis per Aetatem Classicam. [[Darius I (rex Persarum)|Darius]], [[Rex]] [[Achaemenidae|Imperii Persici]], [[Scylax Caryandensis|Scylacem Caryandensem]] ad explorandum flumen anno [[510 a.C.n.]] misit. <!--PLUS IN EN:-->

[[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] fluminis dedit et civitati [[India]]e et [[Epocha Indana|epochae Indanae]].<!--?-->
[[Fasciculus:Indus near Skardu.jpg|thumb|Indus prope [[Skardu]], [[Gilgit Baltistan]]]]

== Nomen ==
Hoc flumen [[Sanscritice]] {{lang|sa|सिन्धू}}; [[Avestane]] ''Harauhuti''; [[Urdu]] {{lang|ur|دریائے سندھ}}, ''Daryā-e Sindh''; [[Sindhuice]] {{lang|sd|سنڌو}}, ''Sindhu''; [[Pašto]] {{lang|ps|اباسين}}, ''Abāsin'' 'Pater Fluminum'; [[Paniabice]] {{lang|pa|سندھ}}, ''Sindh''; [[Hindko]] {{lang|hno|سندھ}}, ''Sindh''; [[Persice]] {{lang|fa|رود سند}}, ''Rūd-e Sind''; [[Arabice]] {{lang|ar|السند}}, ''Al-Sind''; [[Tibetane]] {{lang|bo|སེང་གེ།་གཙང་པོ}}, ''Sênggê Zangbo'' 'Flumen Leonum'; [[Mandarinice]] {{lang|zh|印度河}}, ''Yìndù hé''; [[Graece]] {{lang|grc|Ἰνδός}}; [[Tschagataice]] ''Nilab'' appellatur.

== Descriptio ==
Indus gravissimas [[oeconomia Pakistaniae|oeconomiae Pakistaniae]] aquas suppeditat, praecipue rusticae<!--Anglice breadbasket--> [[Punjab (Pakistania)|provinciae Punjab]], quae plurimum productionis [[agricultura]]e civitatis constitit. [[Quinque]] fluvii ex quibus [[Pengabum]] appellatur sunt flumina [[Hydaspes]], [[Acesines]], [[Hydraotes]], [[Hyphasis]] et [[Hesydrus]]. Indus etiam multas [[industria]]s graves praebet, et plurimum [[aqua quae bibi potest|aquae quae bibi potest]]<!--potable water--> in Pakistania offert.

== Geographia ==
[[Fasciculus:Indus river.svg|thumb|Indus per Pakistaniam in Mare Arabicum defluit.]]

=== Tributarii ===
{{div col|3}}
* [[Nagar Flumen]]
* [[Astor Flumen]]
* [[Balram Flumen]]
* [[Dras Flumen]]
* [[Gar Flumen]]
* [[Ghizar Flumen]]
* [[Gilgit Flumen]]
* [[Gumal Flumen]]
* [[Kabul Flumen]]
* [[Kurram Flumen]]
* [[Panjnad Flumen]]
* [[Shigar Flumen]]
* [[Shyok Flumen]]
* [[Sohan Flumen]]
* [[Tanubal Flumen]]
* [[Zanskar Flumen]]
{{div col end}}

== Vita fera ==
[[Fasciculus:Indus river, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|[[Pons]] in Flumine Indo in [[Pakistania]] situs.]]
Res de valle Indica relatae ex temporibus expeditionis [[Alexander Magnus|Alexandri]] dicunt [[silva]]m sanam in regione crevisse, quae nunc multo recessit. [[Babur]], Imperator Mughal, in suis memoriis ([[Baburnama]]) dicit esse secundum fluminis ripas [[Rhinocerotidae|Rhinocerotidas]]. <!--Amplus [[deforestation]] and human interference in [[oecologia]] [[Colles Shivalik|Collum Shivalik]] has led to a marked deterioration in vegetation and growing conditions.--> Valles est sicca, [[planta]]s male sustinens; itaque [[agricultura]] praecipue ob [[inrigatio]]nem sustinetur.

''[[Platanista gangetica minor]],'' caeca [[Delphinidae|Delphinidarum]] [[subspecies]], solum in Indo invenitur, quamquam ea olim in tributariis fluminis [[habitatio|habitabat]]. Secundum [[World Wildlife Fund]], ea est [[unus|unum]] ex periclitatissimorum [[Cetacea|Cetaceorum]], quia solum circa mille singula nunc [[vita|vivunt]].<ref>[http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/pakistan/indus/ De hoc animali] apud panda.org.</ref>

[[Piscis|Pisces]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Hilsa]]e'' sunt pro [[cibus|cibo]] suavi [[homo|hominum]] qui prope flumen habitant. Numerus piscium in flumine est amplus, atque [[Sukkur]], [[Thatta]], et [[Kotri]] sunt maiores [[piscatus]] sedes, omnibus in inferiore Sindh cursu sitis. Sed [[moles (agger)|moles]] et [[inrigatio]] faciunt ut [[piscicultura]] sit [[oeconomia|oeconomicus]] magni momenti [[mos]]. [[Delta (flumen)|Delta]], ingens et ad meridio-orientem [[Karachi]] sita, a conservationistis appellatur una ex gravissimis orbis terrarum regionibus [[oecologia|oecologicis]]. Flumen hic fit multae [[palus|paludes]], rivi, [[aestuarium|aestuaria]], quae cum [[mare|mari]] in [[aqua|aquis]] humilibus coeunt. Hic [[animalia]] marina abundanter inveniuntur, inter quae [[Bramidae]] et [[Dendrobranchiata]].

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
*[[Chura Sharif]]
*[[Cultus humanus Vallis Indi]]
*[[Foedus Aquarum Indi]]
*''[[HMS Indus]],'' naves ex Indo appellatae
*[[Rigveda]]
*[[Sarasvati]]
*[[Sindhologia]]
*[[Terraemotu Hunza 1974]]
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
<references/>

== Bibliographia ==
*Albinia, Alice. [[2008]]. ''Empires of the Indus: The Story of a River.'' Prima editio Americana. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-33860-7.
*Bowden, Rob. [[2005]]. ''Settlements of the Indus River.'' Sicagi: Heinemann Library. ISBN 1403457182, ISBN 1403462496.
*Casal, Jean-Marie. [[1969]]. ''La civilisation de l'Indus et ses énigmes.'' Lutetiae: Fayard.
*Clift, Peter D., N. Shimizu, G. D. Layne, J. S. Blusztajn, C. Gaedicke, H.-U. Schlüter, M. K. Clark, et S. Amjad [[2001]]. "Development of the Indus Fan and Its Significance for the Erosional History of the Western Himalaya and Karakoram." ''GSA Bulletin'' 113, no. 8 (Augustus): 1039-51. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1039:DOTIFA>2.0.CO;2.
*Fairley, Jean. [[1978]]. ''The Lion River.'' Karachi et Londinii: Allen Lane.
*Joy, Charles R..[[1964]]. ''Taming Asia's Indus River; the challenge of desert, drought and flood.'' Novi Eboraci: Coward-McCann.
*L'Isle, Guillaume de. [[1712]]. ''Theatrum historicum ad annum Christi quadringentesimum : in quo tum Imperii Romani tum Barbarorum circum incolentium status ob oculosponitur pars orientalis.'' Tabula. Londinii: Sold by J. Senex.
*Mountjoy, Shane. [[2005]]. ''The Indus River.'' Philadelphiae: Chelsea House. ISBN 0791082431.
*Snelgrove, Alfred K. [[1967]]. ''Geohydrology of the Indus River, West Pakistan.'' Hyderabad, West Pakistan: Sind University Press.
*Wescoat, James L, Jr. [[2012]]. "The Indus River Basin as a Garden." ''Die Gartenkunst'' 24 (1):. 33–41.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Indus River|Indum}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [http://blankonthemap.free.fr Blankonthemap,] apud blankonthemap.free.de (Northern Kashmir WebSite)
* [http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82 Bibliographia Aquarum et Legum Internationalium,] apud ppl.nl (Peace Palace Library)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511194625/http://www.northernareas.org.pk/ De flumine,] apud northernareas.org.pk (Northern Areas Development Gateway)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190239/http://www.macp-pk.org/home.asp De montibus,] apud macp-pk.org (Mountain Areas Conservancy Project)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051220042511/http://wrmin.nic.in/international/industreaty.htm Foedus Indi,] apud wrmin.nic.in
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050617080858/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/03/stories/2005060303651500.htm De Mole Baglihar,] apud hindu.com
* [http://www.redtailcanyon.com/items/3755.aspx De flumine,] apud redtailcanyon.com
* [http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/g200/g156.html De vita fera Indi,] apud worldwildlife.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090723050437/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/showproject.cfm?id=106 De rebus aquaticis,] apud pulitzercenter.org (Pulitzer Center)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150525021811/http://www.shangri-la-river-expeditions.com/1stdes/indus/indus.html "First raft and kayak descents of the Indus headwaters in Tibet,"] apud shangri-la-river-expeditions.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050413151625/http://earthtrends.wri.org/maps_spatial/maps_fullscale.cfm?mapID=355&theme=2 Tabula pelvis Fluminis Indi,] apud earthtrends.wri.org (World Resources Institute)

{{Coord|24.312059|67.763672|type:river_globe:earth_region:PK_scale:1000000_source:GoogleMaps|display=title|name=Mouth of the Indus}}

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