Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: His Life & Times

Rate this book
No individual in the history of Pakistan--indeed, few people in modern history--have achieved greater popular power or suffered so ignominious a death as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto's political rise and fall were so meteoric that his name became a legend in the land he once ruled. Indeed, a full decade after his execution his continuing popularity ensured the election of his daughter, Benazir, to the premier position he once held. As she campaigned in Sind and Punjab, the crowds cried "Jiye Bhutto "--"Bhutto Lives "--and the Bhutto they meant was Zulfi.
Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan tells the story of this remarkable life in a vivid, insightful narrative. Written by Stanley Wolpert, a leading authority on South Asia and the author of the acclaimed biography Jinnah of Pakistan, the volume traces the life of this remarkable figure from the colorful days of his feudal ancestors to his imprisonment and hanging at the hands of a military dictatorship.
Bhutto, Wolpert writes, was a charismatic and contradictory man, a microcosmic reflection of Pakistan itself--a nation born out of division with India which later fell victim to its own internal split with the creation of Bangladesh. Wolpert follows him from his privileged youth in British-ruled India, to his years as a student at USC and UC Berkeley (where he sported a thin moustache, shiny two-tone shoes, and proved a keen, if rakish, fraternity brother), to Oxford and back to Pakistan. Bhutto climbed to the heights of power with amazing swiftness, winning a seat in the central Cabinet of Pakistan at the unprecedented age of thirty. Wolpert weaves Pakistan's turbulent politics and repeated wars with India together with Bhutto's ambitious maneuvering, tracing his rise to Foreign Minister, the founding of his own political movement, and finally leadership of the nation. The story of Bhutto's sometimes brilliant, sometimes quixotic career is a fascinating one, and Wolpert tells it well, through Bhutto's triumphant years in the mid-1970s, the military coup in 1977, and his treacherous imprisonment and execution in 1979.
Like the nation he embodied, Bhutto led a sprawling, ambitious, and tragic existence. Wolpert's intensively researched, engagingly written account captures the scheming, the grandeur, and the contradictions of one of modern history's most fascinating figures.

Hardcover

First published January 1, 1993

About the author

Stanley Wolpert

39 books101 followers
Stanley Wolpert is an American academic, Indologist, and author considered one of the world's foremost authorities on the political and intellectual history of modern India and Pakistan and has written fiction and nonfiction books on the topics. He taught at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1959-2002.

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
133 (41%)
4 stars
124 (38%)
3 stars
48 (14%)
2 stars
11 (3%)
1 star
5 (1%)
Displaying 1 - 30 of 39 reviews
Profile Image for Jibran.
225 reviews708 followers
June 27, 2016
I have read a good deal on Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928-1979) in English and Urdu, from locals and foreigners, but it is fair to say that no one has written a better biography of Bhutto than the one under review by Stanley Wolpert, whose meticulous research and personal knowledge of the man and his politics stands out from every page. The biggest problem with writing a bio of Bhutto is lack of neutrality. The man elicits strong views on both sides of the spectrum and even among outsiders who might have some claim to objectivity. And I believe this is why it is important to turn to a historian who did not have a stake in the life and politics of Bhutto, but a deep and genuine interest, bordering on fascination, to know and understand the man.

Wolpert's nuanced portrait, showing Bhutto in all his stunning contradictions, is the truest a contemporary historian could possibly draw of a relatively recent political figure (It was first published in 1993, fourteen years after Bhutto's infamous judicial murder). You turn the last page over with the full knowledge and understanding of the reality that gave rise to a suave politician, a spellbinding orator, a socialist-minded politician, a reckless adventurer, a man who founded a new strategic foreign policy still in place, set up the nuclear program ("We will eat grass but we will build a bomb") and who, being an admirer of Napoleon that he was, became more and more autocratic, which in combination with other factors (civil-military scuffle, suspected reelection fraud, American vexation at Bhutto's friendly relations with the Socialist bloc, leading to clandestine American approval for the military coup, led by the infamous General Zia-ul-Haq no less), led to his eventual downfall and hanging.

Today, despite his flaws and mistakes, Zulfi Bhutto is widely seen as the most effective leader independent Pakistan ever produced, whose legacy lives on in the current 1973 constitution, nuclear capability, foreign policy pivot, relative independence of the provinces vis-a-vis the centre in Islamabad etc.

July '16

Profile Image for W.
1,185 reviews4 followers
December 14, 2020
When Stanley Wolpert was researching Jinnah of Pakistan,he became fascinated by the figure of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and his dramatic and ultimately,tragic story.

There are lots and lots of books on the Bhuttos,most are hagiographic accounts.Zulfikar and his daughter Benazir wrote self serving books too.

But Wolpert's book is easily the best,the most interesting and balanced account of Bhutto's life.The man had great charisma but he was also a deeply polarising,controversial figure.

He had achievements to his credit.It was a very difficult time to take over.The country had just been dismembered.

He gave Pakistan the 1973 constitution,which endures till this day.He also started Pakistan's nuclear programme after India conducted nuclear tests in 1974,leaving Pakistan's security in a very precarious state.

Bhutto famously said that Pakistanis would eat grass,but must have the bomb.It didn't make him too popular with the US government.

He went to India and signed the Simla Agreement,which brought back 90,000 prisoners of war back home.He held a big show in Lahore in 1974,the Islamic Summit,which brought the leaders of the entire Muslim world to Pakistan.

On the other hand,he was also known for autocratic tendencies,cruelty to opponents and some very erratic,controversial and whimsical decision making.

His role in the two Indo Pak wars will always be debated.In 1965,he was among those who conceived Operation Gibralter in Kashmir.This led India to launch a full scale war in September that year.Bhutto was Foreign Minister then,but he did not accept the Tashkent Peace Agreement of 1966,and resigned.

He launched a movement against military ruler Ayub Khan and became popular enough to force Ayub out of power,as protests swept the country.Along the way,he survived assassination attempts.

In 1971,his party was in a political deadlock against Sheikh Mujib's Awami League (in East Pakistan).Neither would budge,a military operation was launched to quell disturbances and East Pakistan became Bangladesh.That paved the way for Bhutto to assume power in Pakistan by ousting military ruler,Yahya Khan.

Before that,he had famously torn apart a Polish cease fire resolution and stormed out of the United Nations.

His years in power were characterized by controversial policies.Most notably,he introduced massive nationaliaztion of key industries.This stifled economic growth and led to large scale induction of political workers in government jobs.He went after the bureaucracy,massively diluting their powers.

His relationship with army generals was never smooth.He handpicked General Zia ul Haq,the juniormost Lt.General to head the army.But he treated him with scorn.Zia deposed Bhutto in 1977,in a military coup.

Only one of them could stay alive after that,and Zia chose to execute Bhutto when he was only 50.Had he lived,he would definitely have punished Zia.

But the manner of Bhutto's death turned him into a martyr for his millions of followers.The Bhutto name would become the rallying cry, a stepping stone to power for his daughter,Benazir,who would herself be assassinated.(A similar fate would befall Bhutto's two sons Shahnawaz and Murtaza).

Few politicians in Pakistan have had his stature,and few have been reviled as much.

Stanley Wolpert has done an excellent job in telling this story.There are lots of anecdotes about Bhutto's life.One gets a sense of what a volatile,mercurial personality he was.The research is exhaustive.The book is a very valuable reference about Bhutto's policies during his time in power.

The book is as dramatic as Bhutto's life.
Profile Image for Tariq Mahmood.
Author 2 books1,051 followers
May 16, 2016
Bhutto comes out as a true patriot. He wanted to boost Pakistan's image in the world and took appropiate stances where ever he got the opportunity on the world stage, but unfortunately his administration skills were very basic, which meant that the ideal expectations he had set for himself and his beloved land of the Pure were doomed from the start.

Bhutto was also to partly blame for the 1965 misadventure against India, as he was one of the close advisors who convinced Ayub who started a limited war of aggression in Indian Kashmir. This is no conspiracy theory as the author qoutes from text from offical correspondence availible in excellent english. Apparently the 'distrust' of America which has now become common element in every Pakistani dialogue was openly exploited by Bhutto to justify India's all out attack on Punjab which went against his initial analysis that the 'Hindu' was too weak and scared to attack a martially superior Pakistan. Therefore, it must be America which was behind India in launching this outrageous attack. How else could a nonmartial race suddenly take on Pakistanis without the support of superpowers like America and Russsia?

Bhutto also used the same unsubstantiated martially-supreme philosophy to galvinize public opinion. Using the ceasefire as a loss and a blow to the fighting capability of a martial Pakistani race, to launch his own politicaly independent career.

"The world must know that the 100 million people of Pakistan will never abandon their pledges and promises. ... Indians may abandon their pledges and promises; we shall never abandon ours............We shall fight for honour; we are not aggressors; we are the victims of aggression."

Zulfi Bhutto "fused" not only the sufferings of Pakistan with those of Kashmir but his own battered, defeated, and unappreciated feelings, dreams, ambitions, and desires with those of the people of Pakistan. Like them, he felt small and oppressed, bullied by Ayub and India, coldly "disregarded" by the cruel "calculations" of heartless UN councils, and greatpower politicians. Yet "history" would vindicate them both, Bhutto and the people, for theirs was a "righteous cause," and Allah would save them all in His Court of Last Judgement. From the ashes of defeat, as from the ashes of death, Zulfi believed, Sufi mystic that he was, reputations, like devout souls, could rise again, winning the final victory of righteous "surrender"—Islam—to Allah over satanic injustice.


1971
Leading upto 1971, the independence of Bengladesh there were two revolutionary parties in Pakistan. PPP and Awami Party of Mujib Ur Rehman. Both were driven by populist rhetoric against the Martial Law government. PPP electoral strategy was to massage the wounded martial ego of West Pakistanis for the defeat in the 1965 war, while Awami Party blamed West Pakistan for their disencherfrisement. Bhutto was clear that he could not never have the power over Pakistan becuase of shear superior numbers of Awami Party, therefore he alighned with the Army to declare Awami Party as a successionist party while in reality all Mujib wanted was power over all of the country.


His reign as a civilian dictator followed by a disasterous election and the conflict with General Zial -Ul Haque read like a thriller. How a subserviant and pliant general was able to turn the tables on his powerful master proves to be a real page turner.

In the end I think Bhutto was too egosystical to form a team to administrator effectively. The same Bhutto could have managed to turn the destiny of Pakistan if somehow he could learn to place his trust in an adminstrative team of individduals. But I think his feudal upbringing made him too distrusting.
Profile Image for Barry Sierer.
Author 1 book66 followers
May 21, 2014
Stanley Wolpert tells the story of a brilliant and contradictory man.

A man who was a gifted strategic thinker in foreign affairs; but struggled to make fundamental changes to his own country.

He used his great oratory abilities to uplift the morale of the Pakistani masses while systematically demeaning those who were closest to him.

A man who was clever enough to use Pakistan’s defeats (which were in part his fault) in 1965 and 1971 to promote his own political rise, yet so arrogant that he overplayed his own advantage in the 1977 elections, which led to his downfall.

Despite using some material from Bhutto’s family, Wolpert was able to give a fairly balanced portrait of Zulfikhar Ali Bhutto, and does a decent job of describing the emotional context of key events in Pakistani history.

The biggest problem of this work seems to be the author’s need to quote so much of Bhutto’s public speeches. Rather than mere one sentence quotes, he provides several paragraphs throughout the work. One almost gets the impression that he is (at times) substituting Bhutto’s speeches for actual text.

That said; this is still a balanced and thorough work on one of history’s most polarizing figures.

708 reviews53 followers
July 27, 2021
No individual in the history of Pakistan — indeed, few people in modern history — have achieved greater popular power or suffered so ignominious a death as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto's political rise and fall were so meteoric that his name became a legend in the land he once ruled.

Goosebumps!!!!!!! Stanley Wolpert’s illuminating prose, of this interesting politician, his extraordinarily remarkable yet tragically flawed life, makes it hands-down one of the best biographies I’ve ever picked. Excellent. Unbiased. Absorbing.
Profile Image for Babar Zaman.
1 review2 followers
June 17, 2019
Punjabi distrusting Sindhi, Baluchi suspicious of both, and half the tribesmen along the North-West Frontier holding rifles loaded at the ready, cocked to fire at the other half. Where, then, was that Land of the Pure called Pakistan, for which one Quaid had worn out his pain-racked life and the other was now about to be hanged before dawn on 4 April 1979?
Profile Image for Ali Yasir.
99 reviews21 followers
March 22, 2020
It was my first interaction with Wolpert. And, to be honest, he really impressed me with his story telling. A novel in the guise of a biography, that's how he writes. He presented Mr. Bhutto as a human, not as an angel - as most biographers do. From the ancient history of Bhutto clan to the demise of its most charming progeny, the reader feels himslef in love with the book.
Profile Image for Shaharyar Amjad.
33 reviews17 followers
March 17, 2020
Balanced account of Bhutto's life who was the most popular leader in Pakistan's history. Despite his faults as an administrator, he was the elected PM by people with great achievements under his belt. He dared challenging the authority of Pakistan's mighty military establishment, but the only question is why the people who elected him in the first place failed to get out to rescue him?
The only shortcoming in the book was Bhutto's long speeches, copied word to word, making reading tedious.
Profile Image for Mateen Asif.
6 reviews
May 31, 2019
It was a pleasure to explore the labyrinth of a lifetime of Quaid e Awam. A great deal to learn from his life, from the Pinnacle of Power to the pits of his death cell, bhutto indeed did alot for Pakistan on foreign grounds, though domestically he too let himself been played on the stage show of lethal Siasat. To supercede Zia ul haq & then subjecting him to humiliation lead him to his death.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for N A.
24 reviews3 followers
November 25, 2012


Very few biographers do justice with public life and private life with such disparity and how both lives interact and influence each other. Wolpert knows this art and the same feeling I had with his other biographies.
Profile Image for Abdul.
97 reviews10 followers
February 13, 2018
Wolpert is a very good biographer and he did full justice to the personality of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, capturing most of his eccentricities, character traits and facets of life before he rose to the spotlight and after.
Profile Image for Syed M. Abdullah.
34 reviews10 followers
September 10, 2013
Zulfi Bhutto is, in a way, idolized by SW however his shortcomings are highlighted/ disguised shrewdly to give the reader a sort of complete perspective. Generally a good read.
Profile Image for Talha Mahmood.
18 reviews2 followers
May 10, 2017
The image of Bhutto we are feed and how he truly was are two opposite accounts. The book briefs the reader about Bhutto's love affairs, the rise of People's Party and many other things.
Profile Image for Mishka.
165 reviews3 followers
September 10, 2017
Really well-written. I really enjoyed this book and constantly use it as a reference.
Profile Image for Huma IZ.
18 reviews2 followers
December 29, 2017
No body could write a better book and character sketch of Zulfiqar Bhutto than Stanley Wolpert
Profile Image for Cyrus Tahir.
6 reviews1 follower
June 17, 2018
What a captivating book about an equally enchanting and complex individual.
May 1, 2019
This is an excellently written book. It will not only introduce to just ZAB, but this also gives an understanding of Politics in Pakistan and the military's involvement in it.
Profile Image for Zeeshan Butt.
17 reviews4 followers
May 23, 2019
To understand Pakistan, one have to read this after reading Jinnah.
67 reviews
May 31, 2019
Very good read. A lot of history post partition has been covered well. The author has spent a lot of time researching every detail.

I am going to read more from this author about India/Pakistan.
Profile Image for DrAroosa Mughal.
53 reviews1 follower
July 6, 2023
Stanley Wolpert tells the story of a brilliant and contradictory man.

A man who was a gifted strategic thinker in foreign affairs; but struggled to make fundamental changes to his own country.
No individual in the history of Pakistan--indeed, few people in modern history--have achieved greater popular power or suffered so ignominious a death as Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Bhutto's political rise and fall were so meteoric that his name became a legend in the land he once ruled. Indeed, a
full decade after his execution his continuing popularity ensured the election of his daughter, Benazir, to the premier position he once held. As she campaigned in Sind and Punjab, the crowds cried "Jiye Bhutto!"--"Bhutto Lives!"--and the Bhutto they meant was Zulfi.
Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan tells the story of this remarkable life in a vivid, insightful narrative. Written by Stanley Wolpert, a leading authority on South Asia and the author of the acclaimed biography Jinnah of Pakistan, the volume traces the life of this remarkable figure from the colorful
days of his feudal ancestors to his imprisonment and hanging at the hands of a military dictatorship.
Bhutto, Wolpert writes, was a charismatic and contradictory man, a microcosmic reflection of Pakistan itself--a nation born out of division with India which later fell victim to its own internal split with the creation of Bangladesh. Wolpert follows him from his privileged youth in British-ruled
India, to his years as a student at USC and UC Berkeley (where he sported a thin moustache, shiny two-tone shoes, and proved a keen, if rakish, fraternity brother), to Oxford and back to Pakistan. Bhutto climbed to the heights of power with amazing swiftness, winning a seat in the central Cabinet of
Pakistan at the unprecedented age of thirty. Wolpert weaves Pakistan's turbulent politics and repeated wars with India together with Bhutto's ambitious maneuvering, tracing his rise to Foreign Minister, the founding of his own political movement, and finally leadership of the nation. The story of
Bhutto's sometimes brilliant, sometimes quixotic career is a fascinating one, and Wolpert tells it well, through Bhutto's triumphant years in the mid-1970s, the military coup in 1977, and his treacherous imprisonment and execution in 1979.
Like the nation he embodied, Bhutto led a sprawling, ambitious, and tragic existence. Wolpert's intensively researched, engagingly written account captures the scheming, the grandeur, and the contradictions of one of modern history's most fascinating figures.

Without a doubt Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a complicated man. A single biography cannot tell all about his impact, or the legacy he left in Pakistan. Nonetheless, Wolpert's book does a great job in illuminating the complex political and personal ambitions of this wealthy land-owner from Sindh. Socialist and populist in his inclinations, appealing to Islam in his rhetoric, yet also very secular and feudal in other dimensions, Bhutto was loved by many, and hated by some. This biography is most extensive in its review of the early political life of Bhutto, his involvement with the 1965 war as foreign minister, and the controversial policies he faced when he came to office, after the independence of Bangladesh. There is perhaps less information on his personal life, the relations with his sons and daughters, and not as much on the coup that put him out of power (it comprises the last chapter of the book), but this book does offer an otherwise very comprehensive assessment of Bhutto. A few decade old, but a book still worth reading.
April 23, 2022
This book is a classical example of a fantastic storyline, an extremely interesting character, a very intriguing set up in a fascinating country, written by an extremely knowledgeable writer, but a completely disastrous writing outcome.
It is a test case of how a book should not be written.
There is no doubt that the writer has immense knowledge of the book but the way the book had been structured in a poor way. The book has been written in a chronological series, which does not do justice to the topic. The worst part is that a whole lot of stuff which could have been in the references has been put in the main body of the book which makes the whole reading experience very annoying. There has been literally cut and paste jobs which is probably 50% of the bulk of the book. Except for academic research, there has been no analysis and deep work done on the main character.
Though I completed the whole 416 pages of book of a fascinating character, it still was just underwhelming experience
24 reviews1 follower
March 30, 2021
He was Bhutto and Zulfiqar . A politician and a wadera . His downfall was his split personality . One can’t control internal politics with foreign policy for ever. An opportunist , a devotee , a player he had all the qualities to rule the heart of millions which he does still .
Politics is the soul of life. It’s my eternal romance with the people. Only people can break this eternal bond (ZA BHUTOO)
Very true his romance lives on and the rest we all know .
Profile Image for Gaurav Chaudhary.
22 reviews1 follower
June 27, 2022
A well researched book.
Clearly shows the corrupt foundation of the so called pure country - Pakistan.
Unfortunately not even a single politician as brought out in this book was honest or patriotic. And the best joke was that Mr Bhutto was not able to feed his own population but he had ambitions to become the leader of the third world.
Siasat.
13 reviews2 followers
May 6, 2020
Great to learn of the life of this (in)famous leader and gives a look into the hardest times of Pakistan. Took one star away because the last few chapters did not do justice to the end of this leader as they just didn't go into the required detail behind his execution.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 39 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.