hafgysgu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]haf (“summer”) + cysgu (“to sleep”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /havˈɡəsɡɨ̞/, [havˈɡəskɨ̞]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /havˈɡəsɡi/, [havˈɡəski]
Verb
[edit]hafgysgu (first-person singular present hafgysgaf, not mutable)
- aestivate
- Prin yw’r mamaliaid sy’n hafgysgu.
- There are few mammals that aestivate.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | hafgysgaf | hafgysgi | hafgwsg, hafgysga | hafgysgwn | hafgysgwch | hafgysgant | hafgysgir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
hafgysgwn | hafgysgit | hafgysgai | hafgysgem | hafgysgech | hafgysgent | hafgysgid | |
preterite | hafgysgais | hafgysgaist | hafgysgodd | hafgysgasom | hafgysgasoch | hafgysgasant | hafgysgwyd | |
pluperfect | hafgysgaswn | hafgysgasit | hafgysgasai | hafgysgasem | hafgysgasech | hafgysgasent | hafgysgasid, hafgysgesid | |
present subjunctive | hafgysgwyf | hafgysgych | hafgysgo | hafgysgom | hafgysgoch | hafgysgont | hafgysger | |
imperative | — | hafgwsg, hafgysga | hafgysged | hafgysgwn | hafgysgwch | hafgysgent | hafgysger | |
verbal noun | hafgysgu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | hafgysgedig hafgysgadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | hafgysga i, hafgysgaf i | hafgysgi di | hafgysgith o/e/hi, hafgysgiff e/hi | hafgysgwn ni | hafgysgwch chi | hafgysgan nhw |
conditional | hafgysgwn i, hafgysgswn i | hafgysget ti, hafgysgset ti | hafgysgai fo/fe/hi, hafgysgsai fo/fe/hi | hafgysgen ni, hafgysgsen ni | hafgysgech chi, hafgysgsech chi | hafgysgen nhw, hafgysgsen nhw |
preterite | hafgysgais i, hafgysges i | hafgysgaist ti, hafgysgest ti | hafgysgodd o/e/hi | hafgysgon ni | hafgysgoch chi | hafgysgon nhw |
imperative | — | hafgysga | — | — | hafgysgwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Coordinate terms
[edit]- gaeafgysgu (“to hibernate”)
Related terms
[edit]- hafgwsg (“aestivation”)