Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/esti: difference between revisions
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====Descendants==== |
====Descendants==== |
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* {{desc|cel-gau|immi}}<ref>{{R:cel:EDPC|118}}</ref> |
* {{desc|cel-gau|immi}}<ref>{{R:cel:EDPC|118}}</ref> |
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* {{desc|sga|is}} |
* {{desc|sga|is}} |
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** {{desc|ga|is}} |
** {{desc|ga|is}} |
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** {{desc|gd|is}} |
** {{desc|gd|is}} |
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Revision as of 08:10, 13 November 2024
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Verb
*esti
- to be
Inflection
| Athematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *esmi | *esēmam | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *esi | *esētās | ? | ? |
| 3rd singular | *esti | *esēto | ? | ? |
| 1st plural | *esmosi | *esēmo | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *estesi | *esēstē | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *senti | *esēnto | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *esū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *esesi | ? | *es | |
| 3rd singular | *eseti | ? | *estou | |
| 1st plural | *esomosi | ? | *smos | |
| 2nd plural | *esetesi | ? | *ste | |
| 3rd plural | *esonti | ? | *sentou | |
Descendants
- Gaulish: immi[1]
- Old Irish: is (3sg), it (3pl.)
- Old Welsh: is (3sg), (h)int (3pl.)[2]
- Welsh: ys (pres.impers), ŷnt (3pl.)