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==English==
{{was wotd|2007|April|11}}
[[File:Primula-vulgaris-plant1.jpg|thumb|{{center top}}''[[Wikipedia:Primula vulgaris|Primula vulgaris]]'' has unusually '''rugose''' leaves{{center bottom}}]]

===Etymology===
From {{der|en|la|rūgōsus|t=wrinkled}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɹʊˈɡəʊs/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˌɹuːˈɡoʊs/|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-rugose.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|əʊs|s=2}}

===Adjective===
{{en-adj}}

# Having [[ruga]]e or [[wrinkle]]s, [[crease]]s, [[ridge]]s, or [[corrugation]].
# {{lb|en|figurative|rare}} Rugged, rough, unrefined.
# {{lb|en|botany}} Having a [[rough]], wrinkled, or wavy [[surface]]; {{n-g|commonly in [[parasynthetic]] usage e.g. "rugose-veined" or "rugose-leaved"}}.
#* {{quote-book|en|title=A General Natural History: Or, New and Accurate Descriptions Of The Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, Of the Different Parts of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9xZAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA261|year=1751|publisher=Thomas Osborne|passage=''Petraea foliis rugosis ovatis''. The oval, '''rugose-leaved''' Petraea. The root is brachiated; the shrub rises to ten feet high: the leaves are three inches long, an inch and a half broad, even at the edges, and '''very rough to the touch''': ''(Note: In modern nomenclature, the plant in question probably is'' '''Petrea rugosa''', as the spelling "''Petraea''" does not seem to match any extant genus,)|author=Anonymous|pages=261–}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Botanical Society of Edinburgh|title=Transactions of the Botanical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgrQTgdHSawC&pg=PA459|year=1866|passage=The original leaves were flat and very '''rugose''', and almost hid by the numerous single-stemmed flowers; while the leaves produced in the [[umbellate]] state were larger, more upright, and less wrinkled.| pages=459–}}
# {{lb|en|paleontology}} Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †{{taxfmt|Rugosa|order}} (also called {{taxlink|Tetracoralla|order}}), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges.
# {{lb|en|entomology}} Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate.

====Synonyms====
* {{sense|having rugae}} {{l|en|bewrinkled}}, {{l|en|purfly}}, {{l|en|wrinkly}}; see also [[Thesaurus:wrinkled]]
* {{sense|rugged|rough}} {{l|en|coarse}}, {{l|en|harsh}}, {{l|en|squarrose}}; see also [[Thesaurus:rough]]

====Derived terms====
* [[rugose mosaic]]
* [[rugosimeter]]
* [[rugulose]]

====Translations====
{{trans-top|having wrinkles, creases, or ridges}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|сбръчкан}}, {{t+|bg|нагънат}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|rocach}}
* Latin: {{t|la|rūgōsus|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|rugoso}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|having a rough wrinkled surface}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|rocach}}
* Latin: {{t|la|rūgōsus|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=egorsu|-gerous|Rogues|grouse|orgues|rogues|rouges}}

==Italian==

===Adjective===
{{head|it|adjective form|g=f-p}}

# {{adj form of|it|rugoso||f|p}}

==Latin==

===Adjective===
{{head|la|adjective form|head=rūgōse}}

# {{inflection of|la|rūgōsus||voc|m|s}}

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