Obtectomera
| Obtectomera | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pyrausta purpuralis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Clade: | Neolepidoptera |
| Infraorder: | Heteroneura |
| Clade: | Eulepidoptera |
| Clade: | Ditrysia |
| Clade: | Apoditrysia |
| Clade: | Obtectomera Minet, 1986 |
The Obtectomera is a clade of macro-moths and butterflies, comprising over 100,000 species in at least 12 superfamilies.[1][2]
Taxonomy
The Obtectomera includes the following 12 superfamilies:[1]
- Whalleyanoidea Minet, 1991
- Thyridoidea Herrich-Schäffer, 1846 – picture-winged leaf moths
- Hyblaeoidea Hampson, 1903 – teak moths
- Calliduloidea Moore, 1877 – Old World butterfly-moths
- Papilionoidea Latreille, 1802 – true butterflies
- Pyraloidea Latreille, 1809 – pyraloid moths
- Mimallonoidea Burmeister, 1878 – sack bearers (sometimes included Macroheterocera[2])
- Macroheterocera Chapman, 1893
- Drepanoidea Boisduval, 1828 – drepanids
- Noctuoidea Latreille, 1809 – owlet moths
- Geometroidea Leach, 1815 – inchworms
- Lasiocampoidea Harris, 1841 – lappet moths
- Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 – bombycoid moths
Some other superfamilies are sometimes included:[2]
- Pterophoroidea Latreille, 1802 – plume moths
- Alucitoidea Leach, 1815 – many-plume moths
- Copromorphoidea [=Carposinoidea[1]] Walsingham, 1897 – fruitworm moths
- Epermenioidea Spuler, 1910 – fringe-tufted moths
- Gelechioidea Stainton, 1854 – case-bearers, twirler moths, curved-horn moths, etc.
The macroheteroceran superfamilies were previously place in the Macrolepidoptera, but recent molecular studies have failed to recover the Macrolepidoptera as a monophyletic group.[1][2] The latter grouping also included true butterflies (Papilionoidea), New World butterfly-moths (Hedylidae), Old World butterfly-moths (Calliduloidea), and European gold moths (Axioidea).
References
- ^ a b c d van Nieukerken, Erik J.; Lauri Kaila; Ian J. Kitching; Niels P. Kristensen; David C. Lees; Joël Minet; Charles Mitter; Marko Mutanen; Jerome C. Regier; Thomas J. Simonsen; Niklas Wahlberg; Shen-Horn Yen; Reza Zahiri; David Adamski; Joaquin Baixeras; Daniel Bartsch; Bengt Å. Bengtsson; John W. Brown; Sibyl Rae Bucheli; Donald R. Davis; Jurate De Prins; Willy De Prins; Marc E. Epstein; Patricia Gentili-Poole; Cees Gielis; Peter Hättenschwiler; Axel Hausmann; Jeremy D. Holloway; Axel Kallies; Ole Karsholt; Akito Y. Kawahara; Sjaak (J.C.) Koster; Mikhail V. Kozlov; J. Donald Lafontaine; Gerardo Lamas; Jean-François Landry; Sangmi Lee; Matthias Nuss; Kyu-Tek Park; Carla Penz; Jadranka Rota; Alexander Schintlmeister; B. Christian Schmidt; Jae-Cheon Sohn; M. Alma Solis; Gerhard M. Tarmann; Andrew D. Warren; Susan Weller; Roman V. Yakovlev; Vadim V. Zolotuhin; Andreas Zwick (23 December 2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758" (PDF). Zootaxa. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. 3148: 212–221.
- ^ a b c d Mitter, Charles; Davis, Donald R.; Cummings, Michael P. (2017). "Phylogeny and Evolution of Lepidoptera". Annual Review of Entomology. 62 (1): 265–283. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035125. ISSN 0066-4170.