Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Selenium tetrachloride: Difference between pages
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Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 477038163 of page Selenium_tetrachloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid [{{fullurl:Selenium_tetrachloride|oldid=477038163}} 477038163] of page [[Selenium_tetrachloride]] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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| Name = Selenium tetrachloride |
| Name = Selenium tetrachloride |
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| ImageFile1 = SeCl4-from-alpha-xtal-1981-CM-3D-ellipsoids.png |
| ImageFile1 = SeCl4-from-alpha-xtal-1981-CM-3D-ellipsoids.png |
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| ImageFile2 = . |
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| ImageName2 = |
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| IUPACName = Selenium tetrachloride |
| IUPACName = Selenium tetrachloride |
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| OtherNames = |
| OtherNames = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 59590 |
| ChemSpiderID = 59590 |
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| EC_number = 233-053-5 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 4GB8868P5J |
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| InChI = 1/Cl4Se/c1-5(2,3)4 |
| InChI = 1/Cl4Se/c1-5(2,3)4 |
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| InChIKey = LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYAD |
| InChIKey = LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYAD |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| StdInChIKey = LNBXMNQCXXEHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| MolarMass = 220.771 g/mol |
| MolarMass = 220.771 g/mol |
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| Appearance = white to yellow crystals |
| Appearance = white to yellow crystals |
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| Density = 2.6 g/cm |
| Density = 2.6 g/cm, solid |
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| Solubility = decomposes in water |
| Solubility = decomposes in water |
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| MeltingPt = [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimes]] at 191.4°C<ref name="hand"> |
| MeltingPt = [[Sublimation (chemistry)|sublimes]] at 191.4°C<ref name="hand"> |
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{{Cite book | last = Lide | first = David R. | year = 1998 |
{{Cite book | last = Lide | first = David R. | year = 1998 |
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| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |
| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |
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| edition = 87 | |
| edition = 87 | = Boca Raton, | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = |
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| pages = 487 |
| pages = 487 |
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| url = |
| url = ://books.google.com/?id=lFjg0L-uOxoC&pg=PT872 | = 2008-07-02 <> |
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}}</ref> |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = [[Monoclinic]], [[Pearson symbol|mS80]] |
| CrystalStruct = [[Monoclinic]], [[Pearson symbol|mS80]] |
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| SpaceGroup = C12/c1, No. 15 |
| SpaceGroup = C12/c1, No. 15 |
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| MolShape = Seesaw (gas phase) |
| MolShape = Seesaw (gas phase) |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| NFPA-H = 3 |
| NFPA-H = 3 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = |
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| NFPA-S = W |
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| EUClass = Toxic ('''T'''), Dangerous for the environment ('''N''') |
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| = {{}}{{}}{{}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| SPhrases = {{S20/21}}, {{S28}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}<ref name="sa"> |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|331|373|410}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|270|271|273|301+310|304+340|311|314|321|330|391|403+233|405|501}} |
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| Hazards_ref=<ref name="sa"> |
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| FlashPt = non-flammable |
| FlashPt = non-flammable |
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| OtherAnions = [[Selenium tetrafluoride]]<br />[[Selenium tetrabromide]]<br />[[Selenium dioxide]] |
| OtherAnions = [[Selenium tetrafluoride]]<br />[[Selenium tetrabromide]]<br />[[Selenium dioxide]] |
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| OtherCations = [[Dichlorine monoxide]]<br />[[Sulfur tetrachloride]]<br />[[Tellurium tetrachloride]] |
| OtherCations = [[Dichlorine monoxide]]<br />[[Sulfur tetrachloride]]<br />[[Tellurium tetrachloride]] |
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| OtherCompounds = [[Selenium dichloride]] |
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'''Selenium tetrachloride''' is the [[inorganic compound]] composed with the [[chemical formula|formula]] SeCl<sub>4</sub>. This compound exists as yellow to white volatile solid. It is one of two commonly available [[Selenium chloride (disambiguation)|selenium chlorides]], the other example being [[selenium monochloride]], Se<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. SeCl<sub>4</sub> is used in the synthesis of other [[selenium]] compounds. |
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==Synthesis and structure== |
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[[File:TeCl4structure.jpg|thumb|left|Structure of selenium tetrachloride]] |
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The compound is prepared by treating [[selenium]] with [[chlorine]].<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Nowak | first1 = H. G. | last2 = Suttle | first2 = J. F. | last3 = Parker | first3 = W. E. | last4 = Kleinberg | first4 = J. | chapter = Selenium (IV) Chloride | doi = 10.1002/9780470132364.ch33 | title = Inorganic Syntheses | volume = 5 | pages = 125 | year = 1957 | isbn = 9780470132364 }}</ref> When the reacting selenium is heated, the product [[Sublimation (phase transition)|sublimes]] from the reaction flask. The volatility of selenium tetrachloride can be exploited to purification of selenium. |
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Solid SeCl<sub>4</sub> is actually a [[tetramer]]ic [[cubane-type cluster]], for which the Se atom of an SeCl<sub>6</sub> octahedron sits on four corners of the cube and the bridging Cl atoms sit on the other four corners. The bridging Se-Cl distances are longer than the terminal Se-Cl distances, but all Cl-Se-Cl angles are approximately 90°.<ref>Kristallstruktur der stabilen Modifikation von SeCl4, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 36b, 1660, 1981</ref> |
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SeCl<sub>4</sub> has often been used as an example for teaching [[VSEPR theory|VSEPR]] rules of [[hypervalent molecule]]s. As such, one would predict four bonds but five electron groups giving rise to a [[Seesaw molecular geometry|seesaw geometry]]. This clearly is not the case in the [[crystal structure]]. Others have suggested that the crystal structure can be represented as SeCl<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup>. This formulation would predict a [[Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry|pyramidal geometry]] for the SeCl<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> cation with a Cl-Se-Cl bond angle of approximately 109°. However, this molecule is an excellent example of a situation where maximal bonding cannot be achieved with the simplest molecular formula. The formation of the tetramer (SeCl<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>,<ref>Wells, ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'', fifth ed, Oxford, p. 709, {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}</ref> with delocalized sigma bonding of the bridging chloride is clearly preferred over a "hypervalent" small molecule. |
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Gaseous SeCl<sub>4</sub> contains SeCl<sub>2</sub> and chlorine, which recombine upon condensation. |
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==Reactions== |
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Selenium tetrachloride can be reduced in situ to the dichloride using [[triphenylstibine]]: |
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:SeCl<sub>4</sub> + SbPh<sub>3</sub> → SeCl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub>SbPh<sub>3</sub> |
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Selenium tetrachloride reacts with water to give [[selenous acid|selenous]] and [[hydrochloric acid|hydrochloric]] [[acid]]s:<ref name=Greenwood>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2013}} |
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:SeCl<sub>4</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> + 4 HCl |
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Upon treatment with [[selenium dioxide]], it gives [[selenium oxychloride]]:<ref name=Greenwood/>{{page needed|date=April 2013}} |
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:SeCl<sub>4</sub> + SeO<sub>2</sub> → 2SeOCl<sub>2</sub> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Selenium compounds}} |
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{{Chlorides}} |
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{{Prostanoidergics}} |
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[[Category:Selenium(IV) compounds]] |
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[[Category:Chlorides]] |
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[[Category:Nonmetal halides]] |
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[[Category:Chalcohalides]] |
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[[Category:Selenium halides]] |