Methylparaben: Difference between revisions

{{About|this particular compound|the class of hydroxybenzoate esters, including discussion on possible health effects|paraben}}

| verifiedrevid = 402497789

| ImageFileL1 = Hydroxypropyltrimonium.svg

| IUPACName = Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate

| OtherNames = Methyl paraben;<br />Methyl ''p''-hydroxybenzoate;<br />Methyl parahydroxybenzoate;<br />Nipagin M;<br />[[E number]] E218; Tegosept; Mycocten

| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers

| SMILES = COC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)O

| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties

| C=8|H=8|O=3

| Appearance =

| Solubility = }}

| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards

| Autoignition = }}

| Section8 = {{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions =

| OtherCations =

| Function = [[Paraben]]s

| OtherFunctn = [[Ethylparaben]]<br />[[Propylparaben]]<br />[[Butylparaben]]

| OtherCpds = [[Methyl salicylate]] (''ortho'' isomer)

'''Methylparaben''', also '''methyl paraben''', one of the [[parabens]], is a preservative with the chemical formula CH₃(C₆H₄(OH)COO). It is the [[methyl]] [[ester]] of [[P-Hydroxybenzoic acid|''p''-hydroxybenzoic acid]].

==Uses==

Methylparaben is an anti-fungal agent often used in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products. It is also used as a food preservative and has the [[E number]] E218.

Methylparaben is commonly used as a fungicide in ''[[Drosophila]]'' food media. Usage of methylparaben is known to slow ''Drosophila'' growth rate in the larval and pupal stages.

==Safety==

Methylparaben is produced naturally and found in several fruits, primarily blueberries, along with other parabens. There is no evidence that methylparaben or propylparabens are harmful at concentrations typically used in body care or cosmetics.<ref>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm?rpt=scogsListing&id=210 Database of Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Reviews: Methyl Paraben]</ref> Methyl and propylparabens are considered GRAS (generally regarded as safe) for food and cosmetic antibacterial preservation.<ref>[http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/ProductandIngredientSafety/SelectedCosmeticIngredients/ucm128042.htm Parabens], [[Food and Drug Administration]]</ref> Methylparaben is readily metabolized by common soil bacteria, making it completely biodegradable.

Methylparaben is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or through the skin.<ref name="Soni">{{cite journal |author=Soni MG, Taylor SL, Greenberg NA, Burdock GA |title=Evaluation of the health aspects of methyl paraben: a review of the published literature |journal=Food Chem. Toxicol. |volume=40 |issue=10 |pages=1335–73 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=12387298 |doi= 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00107-2|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278691502001072}}</ref> It is [[hydrolysis|hydrolyzed]] to [[4-Hydroxybenzoic acid|''p''-hydroxybenzoic acid]] and rapidly excreted without accumulation in the body.<ref name="Soni"/> Acute toxicity studies have shown that methylparaben is practically non-toxic by both oral and [[Intraperitoneal injection|parenteral]] administration.<ref name="Soni"/> In a population with normal skin, methylparaben is practically non-irritating and non-sensitizing; however, allergic reactions to ingested parabens have been reported.<ref name="Soni"/>

Studies indicate that methylparaben applied on the skin may react with [[Ultraviolet|UVB]] leading to increased skin aging and DNA damage.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Handa | first1 = O | last2 = Kokura | first2 = S | last3 = Adachi | first3 = S | last4 = Takagi | first4 = T | last5 = Naito | first5 = Y | last6 = Tanigawa | first6 = T | last7 = Yoshida | first7 = N | last8 = Yoshikawa | first8 = T | title = Methylparaben potentiates UV-induced damage of skin keratinocytes. | journal = Toxicology | volume = 227 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 62–72 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16938376 | doi = 10.1016/j.tox.2006.07.018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Okamoto | first1 = Yoshinori | last2 = Hayashi | first2 = Tomohiro | last3 = Matsunami | first3 = Shinpei | last4 = Ueda | first4 = Koji | last5 = Kojima | first5 = Nakao | title = Combined Activation of Methyl Paraben by Light Irradiation and Esterase Metabolism toward Oxidative DNA Damage | journal = Chemical Research in Toxicology | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 1594–9 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18656963 | doi = 10.1021/tx800066u}}</ref>

==References==

==External links==

* [http://hpd.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=chem&id=2065 Methylparaben] at Household Products Database

[[Category:Phenols]]

[[Category:Methyl esters]]

[[Category:Carboxylate esters]]

[[cs:Metylparaben]]

[[de:4-Hydroxybenzoesäuremethylester]]

[[fr:4-hydroxybenzoate de méthyle]]

[[hu:Metil-parahidroxibenzoát]]

[[it:Metilparaben]]

[[nl:Methylparabeen]]

[[pt:Metilparabeno]]

[[ru:Метилпарабен]]

[[tr:Metilparaben]]