Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and 1-Hexene: Difference between pages

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid =

| ImageFile = 1-.

| ImageFile1 = 1-Hexene-3D-balls.png

| = Hexene

| = Hex-1-ene

| OtherNames = Hexene, Hexylene, Butyl ethylene

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 24579

| PubChem = 11597

| EINECS = 209-753-1

| RTECS = MP6670000

| UNNumber = 2370

| UNII = B38ZZ8C206

| ChEMBL = 1548726

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite||chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite||chemspider}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| C=6|H=12

| Appearance = Colorless liquid

| Density = 0.673 g/cm³

| Solubility =

| MeltingPtC = −139.8

| MeltingPt_notes =

| BoilingPtC = 63

| Viscosity = 0.51 [[Poise|cP]] (0.51 mPa·s) at 28°C

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| Dipole =

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| =[http://.///. External MSDS]

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}

| GHSSignalWord = Warning

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|304|319}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|233|240|241|242|243|264|280|301+310|303+361+353|305+351+338|331|337+313|370+378|403+235|405|501}}

'''1-Hexene''' ('''hex-1-ene''') is an [[organic compound]] with the formula C₆H₁₂. It is an [[alkene]] that is classified in industry as higher [[olefin]] and an [[alpha-olefin]], the latter term meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing the compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properties. 1-Hexene is an industrially significant [[linear alpha olefin]]. It is a colourless liquid.

==Production==

1-Hexene is commonly manufactured by two general routes: (i) full-range processes via the [[oligomerization]] of [[ethylene]] and (ii) on-purpose technology. A minor route to 1-hexene, used commercially on smaller scales, is the [[Dehydration reaction|dehydration]] of [[hexanol]]. Prior to the 1970s, 1-hexene was also manufactured by the thermal cracking of waxes. Linear internal hexenes were manufactured by [[halogenation|chlorination]]/[[dehydrochlorination]] of [[linear paraffins]].<ref> Lappin, George (Editor), Alpha Olefins Applications Handbook, Marcel Dekker Inc., {{ISBN|978-0-8247-7895-8}}</ref>

"Ethylene [[oligomerization]]" combines ethylene molecules to produce linear alpha-olefins of various chain lengths with an even number of carbon atoms. This approach result in a distribution or “full range” of alpha-olefins. The [[Shell higher olefin process]] (SHOP) employs this approach. [[The Linde Group|Linde]] and [[SABIC]] have developed the α-SABLIN technology using the oligomerization of ethylene to produce 21 percent 1-hexene. CP Chemicals and Innovene also have full-range processes. Typically, 1-hexene content ranges from about twenty percent distribution in the Ethyl (Innovene) process, whereas only twelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and [[Idemitsu]] processes.

An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 2014 in the US.<ref>(18 October 2010) [http://www.plastinfo.net/information/news/2544_18.10.2010/ Chevron Phillips Chemical announces plans for world-scale 1-hexene plant] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129125304/http://www.plastinfo.net/information/news/2544_18.10.2010/ |date=2014-11-29 }} Plastinfo, Plastics Industry Directory, Retrieved 30 September 2011</ref> The [[Sasol]] process is also considered an on-purpose route to 1-hexene. Sasol commercially employs [[Fischer–Tropsch]] synthesis to make fuels from [[synthesis gas]] derived from coal. The synthesis recovers 1-hexene from the aforementioned fuel streams, where the initial 1-hexene concentration cut may be 60% in a narrow distillation, with the remainder being [[vinylidenes]], linear and branched internal olefins, linear and branched paraffins, [[Alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]]s, [[aldehyde]]s, [[carboxylic acid]]s, and [[aromatic compound]]s. The trimerization of ethylene by homogeneous catalysts has been demonstrated.<ref>David S. McGuinness, Peter Wasserscheid, Wilhelm Keim, David Morgan, John T. Dixon, Annette Bollmann, Hulisani Maumela, Fiona Hess, and Ulli Englert "First Cr(III)−SNS Complexes and Their Use as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Trimerization of Ethylene to 1-Hexene" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, volume 125, pp 5272–5273.

{{doi|10.1021/ja034752f}}.</ref> An alternative on-purpose route has been reported by Lummus Technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihs.com/products/chemical/technology/pep/reviews/lummus-cb-i-hexene-from-c4.aspx|title = To make better decisions, you need to see the big picture}}</ref>

==Applications==

The primary use of 1-hexene is as a [[comonomer]] in production of [[polyethylene]]. [[High-density polyethylene]] (HDPE) and [[linear low-density polyethylene]] (LLDPE) use approximately 2–4% and 8–10% of comonomers, respectively.

Another significant use of 1-hexene is the production of the linear aldehyde [[heptanal]] via [[hydroformylation]] ([[oxo synthesis]]). Heptanal can be converted to the short-chain [[fatty acid]] [[heptanoic acid]] or the alcohol heptanol.

The chemical is used in the synthesis of flavors, perfumes, dyes and resins.

==Hazards==

1-Hexene is considered dangerous because in liquid and vapor form it is highly flammable and may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.

The widespread use of 1-hexene may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.<ref>{{cite web |title=1-Hexene |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1-hexene |website=PubChem |publisher=National Institutes of Health |access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*[http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/chemicals/1000/71.html Chemical Database, 1-Hexene]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

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[[Category:Alkenes]]