Islamic view of the Last Judgment

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In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (Template:Lang-ar) or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Judgment" (Template:Lang-ar) is believed to be God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyama is also the name of the 75th Sura of the Qur'an.

The sequence of events according to the most common belief is the annihilation of all creatures, resurrection of the body, and the judgment of all sentient creatures. The time of the hour is not said to be known, however there are said to be major^[1] and minor signs^[2] which, according to Islam, are to occur near the time of Qiyamah (Doomsday).

Final judgment forms one of the main themes of the Qur'an. Many Qur'anic verses, especially the earlier ones, are dominated by the idea of the nearing of the day of resurrection.^[3][4]

Belief in al-Qiyāmah is considered a fundamental tenet of faith by all Muslims.^[4] The trials and tribulations associated with it are detailed in both the Qur'an and the hadith, as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities such as al-Ghazali, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn Khuzaimah who explain them in detail. Every human, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, is is believed to be held accountable for their deeds and are believed to be judged by God accordingly.^[5]

The importance of the supposed 'last judgment' is underlined by the many references to it in the Qur'an and its many names. For example, it is also called "the Day of Reckoning",^[6] "the Hour",^[7][8] "day of the account",^[9] "day of the gathering", "day of the reckoning", and the "great announcement".

Muslims believe that the quran provides the framework for understanding the day of judgment. Ideas such as the return of jesus to earth and the second kingdom before the occurrence are believed to be indirectly mentioned in the quran.

There are a wide variety of views and interpretations of the verses in the quran referring to the day of judgment, many of which use esoteric arabic words whose meanings are not well known.

According to the quran

• the timing is not known - Only God knows when it will be^[10] .
• Muhammad the messenger does not know when the day will be. ^{[11] [12]}
• the messenger cannot bring it forwards. ^[13]
• the people will believe that a short time has passed between their deaths and resurrection.^[14]

According to the quran nothing will remain except God.^[15]

According to the quran God will resurrect people even if they turn to stones or iron. Quran 17:49-51 ^[16]

According to the quran, God will pass judgement on the works of people, forgiving or condemning. Books/records of the people shall be given to them in right hands in (front) if they are judged by good or left hands(behind the back) if they are judged to be evil.

Surah 84:7-12 ^[17]

Many surahs of the quran describe a variable sequence of events. For example:

Surah Takweer 81:1-14 ^[18]

بِسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحمٰنِ الرَّحيمِ

إِذَا الشَّمسُ كُوِّرَت وَإِذَا النُّجومُ انكَدَرَت وَإِذَا الجِبالُ سُيِّرَت وَإِذَا العِشارُ عُطِّلَت وَإِذَا الوُحوشُ حُشِرَت وَإِذَا البِحارُ سُجِّرَت وَإِذَا النُّفوسُ زُوِّجَت وَإِذَا المَوءودَةُ سُئِلَت بِأَيِّ ذَنبٍ قُتِلَت وَإِذَا الصُّحُفُ نُشِرَت وَإِذَا السَّماءُ كُشِطَت وَإِذَا الجَحيمُ سُعِّرَت وَإِذَا الجَنَّةُ أُزلِفَت عَلِمَت نَفسٌ ما أَحضَرَت

1. When the sun is folded up 2. When the stars fall 3. When the mountains vanish 4. When the she-camels, ten months with young, are left untended 5. When the wild beasts are herded together 6. When the oceans boil over 7. When the persons are paired; 8. When the female, is questioned - 9. For what crime she was killed; 10. When the scrolls are laid open; 11. When the world on High is unveiled; 12. When the Blazing Fire is kindled to fierce heat; 13. And when the Garden is brought near;- 14. learns the person what it has brought.

The quran seems to declare that belief in God and the last day and doing good works is sufficient for salvation even if that person be Jewish Christian or Sabean.^[19] This puts the belief in the last day as a central requirement. Many muslim authorities claim that this applies to people predating the quran and does not apply to later people.

The majority of Islamic scholars ^[who?] are of the view that the Trumpet will be blown twice: the first time all creatures will swoon and the second time the resurrection will come to pass. This is based on the verse of Qur'an in which Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):

Quran 39:68 وَنُفِخَ فِي الصّورِ فَصَعِقَ مَن فِي السَّماواتِ وَمَن فِي الأَرضِ إِلّا مَن شاءَ اللَّهُ ۖ ثُمَّ نُفِخَ فيهِ أُخرىٰ فَإِذا هُم قِيامٌ يَنظُرونَ

“And the Trumpet will be blown, and all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth will swoon away, except him whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown a second time, and behold they will be standing, looking on (waiting)”

—Qur'an, sura 39 al-Zumar, ayah 68

Surely Allah does not do injustice to the weight of an atom, and if it is a good deed He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.

— Qur'an, sura 4 An-Nisa, ayah 40^[20]

The quran claims that all of the "people of the book" will believe in him before his death. Many islamic authors take this passage to mean that Jesus has not died, but instead raised to heaven and will return before the day of judgment to establish the kingdom of God and as a result everyone of the people of the book (such as the Jews, Christians, Sabeans etc.) will become muslims (see ahdith below).^[21]

The hadith books give the view that the day of the judgment will be foreshadowed by events classified as the minor and major signs of the day. Many classical authors believe that certain of these signs have already passed.

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According to some aspects of Muslim belief, there are signs which will possibly indicate the coming of the day of judgment. Classical authors categorized them into major and minor signs, but this varies. Some are general signs mentioned in hadith relating to moral decay and some are more "miraculous".

The quran mentions the "ashraat" which have already occurred, by the time Muhammad gave the message to his people:

Do they then wait for aught but the hour that it should come to them all of a sudden? Now indeed the tokens of it have (already) come, but how shall they have their reminder when it comes on them?

— Qur'an, sura 47 Muhammad, ayah 18^[22]

The hadith literature has a large number of these signs:

Muslims beleive that these are signs that appear years before the day of judgement.

The major signs are the 7 that are thought to occur closer to the supposed day of judgment.

1. The appearance of Masih ad-Dajjal, AntiChrist, the False Messiah (Masih) (Not mentioned in the quran):
2. The appearance of Ya'jooj and Ma'jooj Gog_and_Magog (Quran 21:96 ^[23] ) :
3. The appearance of the Dabbat al-ard (the strange beast) (Quran 27:82 ^[24] ) :
4. The smoke (quran 44:10 ^[25] ):
5. The rise(sunni view)/return from occlusion(shia view) of the Mahdi to restore islam:
6. The return of Isa (Jesus) from heaven to assist the Mahdi in restoring Islam

4. Three huge earthquakes:

6. The sun will rise from the west:

Resurrection from the bone: Sahih Muslim, Book 041, Number 7055: Abu Huraira reported Muhammad as saying: "Between the two blowings of the trumpet (there would be an interval of forty). They said: Abu Huraira, do you mean forty days? He said: I cannot say anything. They said: Do you mean forty months? He said: I cannot say anything. They said: Do you mean forty years? He said: I cannot say anything. Then Allah would cause the water to descend from the sky and they [people] will sprout like vegetation. The only thing in a man which would not decay would be one bone (tailbone/coccyx) from which the whole frame would be reconstituted on the day of resurrection."

Sahih Muslim, Book 041, Number 7056: Abu Huraira reported Muhammad as saying: "The earth would consume every son of Adam leaving only his tailbone from which his body would be reconstituted (on the Day of Resurrection)."

Sahih Muslim, Book 041, Number 7057: Abu Huraira reported that Muhammad said: There is a bone in the human body which the earth will never consume and it is from this that new bodies will be reconstituted (on the day of resurrection). They said: "Allah's messenger, which bone is that? thereupon he said: It is the tailbone."

In Islamic eschatology, Barzakh (Template:Lang-ar) is the intermediate state in which the soul (Nafs) of the deceased is transferred across the boundaries of the mortal realm into a kind of "cold sleep" where the soul will rest until the Qiyamah (judgment day). ^{[citation needed]}

From the quran itself Barzakh (Template:Lang-ar) is the intermediate state, interface or barrier between two states.

Al ghazali

Ibn Taymiyyah

Sufi

Tariq ramadan

Bin Baz

Othaimeen

Khomeini

During judgment, it is believed that a person's own book of deeds will be opened and will be apprised of every action they did and every word spoken.^[26] Actions taken during childhood are not judged. The supposed account of deeds is believed to be so detailed that one would be in awe at how comprehensive the account is, such that even lesser and trivial deeds be included. Throughout the supposed judgment, however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by God. The accounts of judgment are also replete with the emphasis that God is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day.

The Qur'an states that even the smallest acts of the believers will not be wasted.

Then shall anyone who has done an atom's weight of good, see it! And anyone who has done an atom's weight of evil, shall see it.

— Qur'an, sura 99 Az-Zalzala, ayat 7-8^[27]

Lo! Those who believe (in that which is revealed unto thee, Muhammad), and those who are Jews, and Christians, and Sabaeans - whoever believeth in Allah and the Last Day and doeth right - surely their reward is with their Lord, and there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.

— Qur'an, sura 2 Al-Baqara, ayah 62^[28]

While appearing similar to certain parts of the Bible (Ezekiel,^[29] James,^[30] 1 Peter,^[31] Revelation^[32]) this is dissimilar to some protestant branches of Christianity, where salvation comes by faith in Yahweh alone. Catholics, however cite James 2:24^[33] as evidence that judgment is not based on faith alone. Islam emphasizes that grace does not conflict with perfect justice.

The age of the hereafter or rest of eternity is the final stage believed to commence after the day of judgment, when all of humanity is believed to have received their judgment from God, if they were righteous and did good deeds based on their own circumstances, then if God wills, by His mercy they go to Jannah (heaven), a state of bliss, and if they have attained little in life and were unrighteous in their actions—or were, despite all evidence shown to them, bent on denying the truth of life once it was presented to them—based on their own circumstances they shall go to Jahannam. This stage of life is thought to commence after the embodiment of Death is brought up and is slain; thus death literally dies and no one will ever experience or behold the concept of death ever after. Based on the verdict which is brought upon each person by his or her individual deeds, actions and circumstances in life, on the day of judgment, at which time everyone is judged with the sense of justice, each human will spend this stage of life in heaven or hell. Hell will be a place for purification of the soul, so that each realizes the wrongs he or she has committed in life. However, those in hell are eligible to go to the state of heaven after being purified for a time by the state described as hell if they "had an atom's worth of faith in them" and the soul is repentant. It is taught in many hadith that a person who attests to God's will will end up in Jannah once their sins have been punished.^{[citation needed]}

• Islamic view of angels
• Eschatology
• Mahdi
• Resurrection

• The Qur'an
• Muhammad al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari (hadith collection)
• fath al-bârî fî sharh sahîh al-bukhârî (hadith collection)
• Al-Ghazali, Ihya' ulum al-din (revival of religious sciences)
• Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512558-4.
• Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll, ed. (2003). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. MacMillan Reference Books. ISBN 978-0028656038. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)

• Inter-Islam > A-Z > JudgementDay
• Judgment day in the Qur'ân and hadith
• Islam Basics
• Tajweed ul Qur'an
• al-Qiyâmah
• Signs of the Appearance of the dajjal and His Destruction
• Signs of Qiyamah
• Signs of the Last Hour
• The two blowings of the Trumpet of Light which ushers in the period of Judgment