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Marc Breedlove

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S. Marc Breedlove (born 1954[1]) is currently the Barnett Rosenberg professor of Neuroscience at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan.[2] He was born and raised in the Ozarks of southwestern Missouri.[citation needed] After graduating from Central High School (Springfield, Missouri) in 1972,[citation needed] he earned a bachelor's degree in Psychology from Yale University in 1976,[1] and a Ph.D. in Psychology from UCLA in 1982.[1] He was a professor of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley from 1982-2003,[1] moving to Michigan State in 2001.[1] He works in the fields of Biological Psychology and Neuroendocrinology. He is a member of the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology and the Society for Neuroscience[citation needed], and a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science[3] (APS) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science[4] (AAAS).

Research

In numerous papers, he has demonstrated that steroid hormones and sexual behavior affect the developing and adult spinal cord and brain. He also reported that the average digit ratio of lesbians is more masculine than that of straight women,[5] a finding that has been replicated in his [6] and many other labs[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and which indicates that lesbians, on average, are exposed to more prenatal testosterone than are straight women. This finding joins many others that biological influences, such as prenatal testosterone and fraternal birth order,[16] act before birth to affect the later unfolding of human sexual orientation. He has co-authored textbooks in Biological Psychology[17] and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Breedlove, S. Marc (18 March 2009). "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF). Retrieved 31 October 2009.[self-published source?]
  2. ^ "Cellular/Molecular Neuroscience Faculty". Michigan State University. 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  3. ^ "List of APS Fellows".
  4. ^ "AAAS Members Elected as Fellows".
  5. ^ Williams TJ, Pepitone ME, Christensen SE; et al. (2000). "Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation" (PDF). Nature. 404 (6777): 455–6. doi:10.1038/35006555. PMID 10761903. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Brown WM, Finn CJ, Cooke BM, Breedlove SM (2002). "Differences in finger length ratios between self-identified 'butch' and 'femme' lesbians" (PDF). Archives of Sexual Behavior. 31 (1): 123–7. doi:10.1023/A:1014091420590. PMID 11910785. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Tortorice JL (2002). "Written on the body: butch/femme lesbian gender identity and biological correlates". Rutgers University. OCLC 80234273. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[self-published source?]
  8. ^ McFadden D, Shubel E (2002). "Relative lengths of fingers and toes in human males and females". Hormones and Behavior. 42 (4): 492–500. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2002.1833. PMID 12488115. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Hall LS, Love CT (2003). "Finger-length ratios in female monozygotic twins discordant for sexual orientation". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 32 (1): 23–8. doi:10.1023/A:1021837211630. PMID 12597269. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Rahman Q, Wilson GD (2003). "Sexual orientation and the 2nd to 4th finger length ratio: evidence for organising effects of sex hormones or developmental instability?". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 28 (3): 288–303. doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(02)00022-7. PMID 12573297. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Csathó A, Osváth A, Bicsák E, Karádi K, Manning J, Kállai J (2003). "Sex role identity related to the ratio of second to fourth digit length in women". Biological Psychology. 62 (2): 147–56. doi:10.1016/S0301-0511(02)00127-8. PMID 12581689. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Putz, David A.; Gaulin, Steven J. C.; Sporter, Robert J.; McBurney, Donald H. (2004). "Sex hormones and finger length: What does 2D:4D indicate?" (PDF). Evolution and Human Behavior. 25 (3): 182–99. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.03.005. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ^ Rahman Q (2005). "Fluctuating asymmetry, second to fourth finger length ratios and human sexual orientation". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 30 (4): 382–91. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2004.10.006. PMID 15694118. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Kraemer B, Noll T, Delsignore A, Milos G, Schnyder U, Hepp U (2006). "Finger length ratio (2D:4D) and dimensions of sexual orientation". Neuropsychobiology. 53 (4): 210–4. doi:10.1159/000094730. PMID 16874008.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Wallien MS, Zucker KJ, Steensma TD, Cohen-Kettenis PT (2008). "2D:4D finger-length ratios in children and adults with gender identity disorder". Hormones and Behavior. 54 (3): 450–4. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.05.002. PMID 18585715. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Puts DA, Jordan CL, Breedlove SM (2006). "O brother, where art thou? The fraternal birth-order effect on male sexual orientation" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (28): 10531–2. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604102103. PMC 1502267. PMID 16815969. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ S. Marc Breedlove, Mark Rosenzweig and Neil V. Watson (2007). Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (5th Ed). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0878937059
  18. ^ Jill B. Becker, S. Marc Breedlove, David Crews and Margaret M. McCarthy (2002). Behavioral Endocrinology, (2nd Ed). MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262523219
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