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Interstate 43

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Interstate 43 marker
Interstate 43
Route information
Maintained by WisDOT
Length191.55 mi[1] (308.27 km)
Existed1981[2]–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
South end I-39 / I-90 / WIS 81 in Beloit, WI
Major intersections I-94 in Milwaukee, WI
North end US 41 / US 141 near Green Bay, WI
Location
CountryUnited States
StateWisconsin
Highway system
← WIS 42→ WIS 44

Interstate 43 (I-43) is a 191.55-mile (308.27 km) Interstate Highway located entirely within the U.S. state of Wisconsin, connnecting Interstate 39 (I-39) and Interstate 90 (I-90) in Beloit with Milwaukee and U.S. Route 41 (US 41) and U.S. Route 141 (US 141) in Green Bay. I-43 is the 5th longest intrastate Interstate Highway of the Interstate Highway system. Wisconsin Highway 32 shares concurrency (road) with I-43 in two sections and Interstate 94 (I-94), Interstate 894 (I-894), U.S. Route 10 (US 10), US 41, Wisconsin Highway 57 (WIS 57), and Wisconsin Highway 42 (WIS 42) overlap I-43 once each. There are no auxiliary or business routes connected to I-43.

I-43 was spawned from toll road proposals that included a Milwaukee to Superior corridor included Hurley, Wausau and Green Bay. Only the Milwaukee to Green Bay section was approved. The route was originally planned to follow an alignment about midway between US 41 and US 141 (that latter paralleled Lake Michigan at the time) along Highway 57. Controversy about this location and use of right-of-way led to the establishment of the current alignment, which follows what was originally US 141 from the Milwaukee to Sheboygan, and a new alignment from Sheboygan to Green Bay. This section was completed in 1981.

The Beloit-to-Milwaukee segment was developed after two separate proposals for Interstates one of them being between Milwaukee and Boloit, the other between Miwaukee and Janesville was completed in 1976 as WIS 15 and renumbered as I-43 in 1988. To connect the two segments, I-43 was signed concurrently with east west segment of I-894 and the north-south portion of I-94 in the greater Milwaukee metropolitan area from I-894 to the Marquette Interchange, which was completely reconstructed - with work being completed in 2008.

History

I-43 in Manitowoc

Wisconsin had anticipated the Interstates with studies of possible toll roads. When the original Interstate system was approved the state only had two routes approved: I-90 and I-94.[2] The Wisconsin Transportation Commission submitted a request to add an interstate in 1953 connecting Milwaukee to Green Bay, a request the FHWA denied. The commission, after a study by Wisconsin Turnpike Commission - which was established in 1953 - submitted a request in 1963 for a route that connected Milwaukee and Superior by way of Green Bay, Wausau, Hurley and Ashland which could be completed in increments. However, only the Milwaukee-Green Bay segment was approved.[3] The original plan for the northern part of I-43 was to locate it midway between US 141 and US 41, using most of the current alignment of WIS 57 north of STH 33 in Saukville. But opposition to the plan by farmers and landowners within the corridor arose. According to the opponents of the I-43 construction, what the commission revealed as their plan to construct I-43 along the WIS 57 corridor did not reveal that instead of using the existing right-of-way, the freeway was to be built 2.25 miles (3.62 km) west of WIS 57. This was the case despite the fact that WIS 57 had a wide right-of-way of 300 feet (91 m).[4] Protests, including farmers bringing their cows to graze on the Wisconsin State Capitol grounds, prompted a compromise to utilize the freeway built for US 141 between Milwaukee and Sheboygan instead, building the remaining freeway for the interstate itself.[3] This plan, particularly the new freeway, met resistance from the Brown, Sheboygan, and Manitowoc County governments. construction first began in 1963 on the freeway that was at the time designated US-141. The first segment to begin construction was a 3.4-mile (5.5 km) segment beginning at the New Port exit on Washington Road in Milwaukee County. An additional 10 miles (16 km) In 1965, Construction began on a 9.3-mile (15.0 km) bypass of Sheboygan. The last major segment, consisting of 94.4 miles (151.9 km) of roadway, was started in 1972 after the last of these governments, Manitowoc county, pledged their support.[4] The portion in Milwaukee County extending from the New Port exit to the Marquette Interchange was completed in 1981 to open the route.[2]

The southwestern portion has also had a history of requests for Interstate routings. Interstate routings for such a connection between Beloit and the Milwaukee Metropolitan were requested by the DOT but denied by FHWA in 1973. Another request for a link to Janesville was also denied. Despite the denials, local and state officials continued to seek funding to construct a freeway between these two metropolitan areas.[3] a government collaboration called the "Highway 15 Committee" was formed present promote the route. Construction began on the southwestern segment's in the 1960s with the first segment, a 0.9-mile (1.4 km) connector linking US 45 with I-894 as part of the project to build the Hale Interchange connecting the pending route with I-984 The new connector received the US 45 designation as that highway was transferred onto the freeway heading north. The first lengthy segment was completed in 1969. It extended from the US 45 "connector" to CTH-F (now STH-164) in Big Bend. After this segment was opened, the WIS 15 designation was applied. The next segment, to East Troy, was opened in 1972 - the year the "Highway 15 Committee" had hoped the route would be completed in its entirety. It was extended to Elkhorn in 1973 in conjunction with the US 12 freeway construction, then to I-90 in 1976. I-43 signs were placed on the freeway by 1988 after designation in 1987, replacing WIS 15. I-43 was also mapped concurrently with I-94 and I-894 to link the two segments together.[5] Even though Exit number tabs were labeled according to the new mileposts, the mileposts themselves were not renumbered to coincide with the current length until 1991.[6]

The Marquette Interchange, which connects I-43 with I-94, US 41 and Interstate 794, was completely reconstructed over a four-year span, beginning in October, 2004 and being completed in September 2008. This project eliminated left-hand exits and widened connecting ramps between I-94 and I-43 to ease congestion problems.[7]

Route description

Major cities
All cities are control cities for I-43.[8]

I-43 begins in Rock County as the eastern leg of a cloverleaf interchange with I-39/I-90 just east of Beloit. The highway becomes WIS 81 west of the interchange. The Beloit to Milwaukee segment of I-43 passes mainly through farmland situated on rolling hills, going around urbanized areas except for in the greater Milwaukee area - where the route passes through residential suburban zoning with some embedded industrial establishments.[9][10] The interstate bypasses Clinton to the north at WIS 140 and passes into Walworth County five miles (8 km) east of WIS 140. Daily traffic counts as of 2007 for Rock County range from 12400 to 19200 with the higher counts closest to Beloit. The interchange with I-39/I-90 accommodates 1000 to 5200 vehicles daily, with the most traffic on ramps connecting southbound I-39/I-90 to westbound WIS 81 and westbound I-43 to southbound I-39/I-90.[11] I-43 passes north of Darien and crosses US 14 at that point, then junctions with WIS 50 south of Delavan. About 14000 to 19200 vehicles use this section daily as of 2006[12]

In Elkhorn, I-43 junctions with WIS 67, US 12, and WIS 11. I-43 passes through East Troy about ten miles (16 km) northeast of Elkhorn and junctions with WIS 20 and Wisconsin Highway 120. I-43 then enters Waukesha County at Mukwonago.[13] I-43 crosses WIS 83 at an interchange just southeast of the village. After about eight miles (13 km), the highway junctions with WIS 164 just north of Big Bend, and then enters the city of New Berlin. I-43 crosses interchanges with South Racine Avenue (CTH Y) and South Moorland Road (CTH O) in New Berlin. It then turns east to enter Milwaukee County.[14] Traffic volumes range from 21000 (as of 2006) around Elkhorn to 35800 (as of 2006) in Waukesha County to 85000 (2007 figures) at Highway 100.[12][15][16]

The Beloit to Milwaukee portion (at the Hale Interchange with I-894) was given the name "Rock Freeway," named because the freeway traverses Rock County. However, the moniker generally only applies to the portion of the route in Waukesha and Milwaukee Counties.[17] The freeway is entirely four-lane from Beloit to New Berlin. A six-lane segment begins where US 45 merges on the interstate.[9]

Interstate 43 approaching the Marquette Interchange from the north in Milwaukee

I-43 connects with US 45 south and WIS 100 at South 108th Street. US 45 joins I-43 for one mile (1.6 km), then turns northward onto I-894 west at the Hale Interchange. while I-43 follows I-894 east along the Airport Freeway into Greenfield, crossing interchanges with WIS 24, WIS 36 and WIS 241 along the way. I-43 and I-894 junction with I-94 and US 41, known in Milwaukee as the North-South Freeway, at the Mitchell Interchange. I-43 follows the North-South Freeway (with I-94 and US 41) north into downtown Milwaukee, where it meets I-794 at the Marquette Interchange. The Airport freeway carries 107,000 to 134,000 vehicles per day (as of 2007). The I-94/I-43 concurrency carried less at that time - 979000 (closer to downtown) to 105,000[16][18] The highway passes through mixed urban residential/industrial areas of the greater Milwaukee area, carrying six lanes throughout with the exception of near the Marquette Interchange where eight lanes of traffic exist.[9]

Interstate 43 at WIS 28

I-43 continues north from the Marquette, while I-94 and US 41 turn westward. After passing through downtown Milwaukee, just east of Marquette University, I-43 crosses WIS 145 at the McKinley Boulevard/Fond du Lac Avenue interchange. Exit 72C's northbown off and on ramps in downtown Milwaukee pass underneath the county courthouse via tunnels to Kilbourn Avenue.[9] On the way north out of Milwaukee, I-43 passes through Glendale, junctioning with WIS 190 (Capitol Drive) and WIS 57 (Green Bay Ave). WIS 100 and WIS 32 connect at Brown Deer Road and WIS 32 follow I-43 north into Ozaukee County.[19][20] Up to 146,000 vehicles used this portion daily in 2007. This count descreased further north - with a count of 78,900 vehicles per day near WIS 100's northern terminus and 69600 closer to the Ozaukee County border.[21] As it passes through mixed residential and commercial zones north of downtown, the highway carries eight lanes of traffic downtown, six lanes of traffic north of North Ave to Bender Road, and four lanes of traffic north of Bender road all the way to the northern terminus.[9]

I-43 is joined by WIS 57 three miles (5 km) north of the county line in Mequon at the junction of WIS 167. The urban residential areas thin out north of this point as a mix of farmland and forest begins to dominate.[9] WIS 60 terminates in Grafton at the interstate seven miles (11 km) further north and WIS 32 turns off toward Port Washington one mile (1.6 km) north of WIS 60. WIS 33 crosses the route in Saukville. WIS 57 turns north off the freeway, which turns eastward to go around Port Washington to the north. WIS 32 rejoins the freeway on the north side and I-43 and WIS 32 follow the Lake Michigan shoreline northeast into Sheboygan County.[22] WIS 32 leaves the freeway at Cedar Grove and I-43 passes Oostburg to the east and Sheboygan, Wisconsin to the west. I-43 Sheboygan interchanges are at WIS 28, WIS 23, and WIS 42 I-43 enters Manitowoc County after nine miles (14 km) from Sheboygan.[23] Traffic counts in southern Ozaukee County peak at 66,900 vehicles per day (as of 2007), this value generally decreases further north.[24] The counts in Sheboygan County bottom out at 21,100 vehicles per day (as of 2005) just south of the Manitowoc County line.[25]

I-43 passes Cleveland on the county line. The highway continues to follow the lakeshore to Manitowoc, then bypass the city to the west. I-43 connects with US 151 and WIS 42. WIS 42 north follow I-43 north to the interchange with US 10. WIS 42 leaves to the east along with US 10 east, and US 10 west follow I-43 north to the interchange with WIS 310 where it turns off to the west. I-43 passes Francis Creek and Maribel (at WIS 147) and turns northwestward into Brown County, with a rest stop located just before the county line.[26] I-43 in Manitowoc county has the least traveled portion of the highway with 17400 vehicles passing south of WIS 147 according to 2005 results. These values increase further south.[27]

The interstate passes Denmark and meets the terminus of WIS 96 one mile (1.6 km) north of the county line. I-43 then continues another seven miles (11 km) to Bellevue where US 141 begins. This interchange provides access to Wisconsin Highway 29, a route I-43 crosses under later. At this point, the interstate enters urban residential areas as it approaches Green Bay.[9] I-43 junctions with WIS 172 in Allouez then turns northeast to bypass Green Bay to the east, passing under the aforementioned WIS 29. After turning northwestward, I-43 crosses WIS 54 and WIS 57 and the Fox River, passing through a heavily industrialized area near the Port of Green Bay.[9] I-43 ends at US 41 and US 141.[28] I-43's lowest traffic volume in this county is at the southernmost entry with a 2006 value of 22100 vehicles per day near Denmark. Values around Green Bay range from 34600 to 42200 vehicles per day.[29]

Exit list

County Location #[30] Destinations Notes
Rock Beloit none
WIS 81 west – Beloit 		Southern terminus - Milwaukee Rd; continues into Beloit
1A

I-39 south / I-90 east – Chicago 		 
1B

I-39 north / I-90 west – Madison 		 
2 CTH-XModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated  
Clinton 6 WIS 140 – Clinton, Avalon  
Walworth Darien 15 US 14 – Janesville, Darien  
Delavan 17 CTH-X – Delavan, Darien  
21 WIS 50 – Delavan, Lake Geneva  
Elkhorn 25 WIS 67 – Elkhorn, Williams Bay  
27A-B US 12 – Madison, Lake Geneva  
29 WIS 11 – Elkhorn, Burlington  
East Troy 33 Bowers Rd  
36 WIS 120 – East Troy, Lake Geneva  
48 WIS 20 – East Troy, Waterford  
Waukesha Mukwonago 43 WIS 83 – Waterford, Mukwonago  
Big Bend 50 WIS 164 – Waukesha, Big Bend
New Berlin 54 CTH-Y (Racine Ave) – Muskego  
57 Moorland Rd  
59 Layton Ave Northbound traffic exits to left
Milwaukee Greenfield 60
US 45 south / WIS 100 – 108th St 		UA 45 North follow I-43 North
61

I-894 west / US 45 north – Fond du Lac 		Hale Interchange
Northbound
4
(I-894)

I-43 south / US 45 south – Beloit 		US 45 South follow I-43 South
Hale Interchange
Southbound
5A
(I-894) 		WIS 24 – Forest Home Ave Southbound
5B
(I-894) 		South 76th St Southbound
5A-B
(I-894) 		South 76th St, South 84th St Northbound
7
(I-894) 		South 60th St  
8
(I-894) 		WIS 36 – Loomis Rd  
Milwaukee 9A-B
(I-894) 		WIS 241 – South 27th St One Exit Eastbound, Two Exits Westbound
10B
(I-894)

I-94 east / US 41 south – Chicago, Airport 		Mitchell Interchange
Northbound
316
(I-94)

I-43 south / I-894 west – Beloit 		Southbound
314 A-B
(I-94) 		Holt Ave, Howard Ave Two Exits Eastbound, One Exit Westbound
312 A
(I-94) 		Lapham Blvd, Mitchell St Eastbound
312 B
(I-94) 		Becher St, Lincoln Ave Eastbound
312 A-B
(I-94) 		Becher St, Mitchell St, Lapham Blvd, Greenfield Ave Westbound
311
(I-94) 		WIS 59 – National Ave, 6th St Eastbound
WIS 59 – National Ave Westbound
72A I-794 – Lakefront, Port of Milw Marquette Interchange
72B

I-94 west / US 41 north – Madison 		 
72C Civic Center, Kilbourn Ave Northbound - no access directly from I-43 - access is from I-94 eastbound to I-43 northbound ramp
Civic Center, Highland Ave Southbound
73A 4th St, Broadway  
73B WIS 145 – Fond du Lac Ave, W McKinley Blvd  
73C North Ave  
74 Locust St  
75 Keefe Ave, Atkinson Ave  
76A
WIS 190 east – Capitol Dr 		Northbound
76B
WIS 57 / WIS 190 west – Green Bay Ave, Capitol Dr 		Northbound
76A-B WIS 57 / WIS 190 – Capitol Dr, Green Bay Ave Southbound
Glendale 77A Hampton Ave east Northbound exit only
77B Hampton Ave west Northbound exit; Southbound entrance only (both directions)
78 Silver Spring Dr  
80 Good Hope Rd  
Fox Point 82A Brown Deer Rd east Northbound

WIS 32 south – Brown Deer Rd 		Southbound
WIS 32 North follow I-43 North
82B
WIS 100 west – Brown Deer Rd 		 
Bayside 83 CTH-W – Port Washington Rd Northbound exit only; southbound entrance at County Line Rd
Ozaukee Mequon 85
WIS 57 south / WIS 167 – Mequon Rd 		WIS 57 North follow I-43 North
Thiensville use Exit 85
89 CTH-C – Cedarburg  
Grafton 92 WIS 60 / CTH-Q – Grafton, Cedarburg  
93
WIS 32 north / CTH-V – Grafton, Port Washington 		 
Saukville 96 WIS 33 – Saukville, Port Washington  
97
WIS 57 north – Plymouth 		Southbound entrance; Northbound exit
Port Washington 100
WIS 32 south / CTH-H – Fredonia, Port Washington 		WIS 32 North follow I-43 North
Belgium 107 CTH-D – Belgium, Lake Church Harrington Beach State Park
Sheboygan Cedar Grove 113
WIS 32 north – Cedar Grove 		WIS 32 South follow I-43 South
Oostburg 116 CTH-A (Foster Rd) – Oostburg  
Weedens 120 CTH-V / CTH-OK – Waldo, Sheboygan Kohler-Andrae State Park
Sheboygan 123 WIS 28 – Sheboygan, Sheboygan Falls  
126 WIS 23 – Sheboygan, Plymouth
Erdman 128 WIS 42 – Sheboygan, Howards Grove  
Manitowoc Cleveland 137 CTH-XX – Kiel, Cleveland  
Duvenek 144 CTH-C – St. Nazianz, Newton  
Manitowoc 149
US 151 / WIS 42 south – Manitowoc, Chilton 		WIS 42 North follow I-43 North
152

US 10 east / WIS 42 north / CTH-JJ – Manitowoc 		US 10 West follow I-43 North
WIS 42 South follow I-43 South
Branch 154
US 10 west / WIS 310 – Appleton, Two Rivers 		US 10 North follow I-43 South
Point Beach State Forest use Exit 154
Francis Creek 157 CTH-V – Mishicot, Francis Creek  
Kellnersville 160 CTH-K – Kellnersville  
Maribel 164 WIS 147 / CTH-Z – Maribel, Mishicot Northbound
WIS 147 / CTH-Z – Maribel, Two Rivers Southbound
Mishicot use Exit 164
Brown Denmark 171 WIS 96 / CTH-KB – Greenleaf, Denmark  
Bellevue 178

US 141 to WIS 29 / CTH-MM – Bellevue, Kewaunee 		 
Green Bay 180
WIS 172 to US 41 – A Straubel Airport 		 
181 CTH-JJModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated  
183 CTH-VModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated  
185 WIS 54 / WIS 57 – Sturgeon Bay, Algoma  
187 Webster Ave, East Shore Dr  
189 Hurlbut Dr, Port of Green Bay Northbound
Atkinson Dr, Velp Ave Southbound
Howard 192A

US 41 north / US 141 north – Marinette, Iron Mountain 		 
192B

US 41 south / US 141 south – Appleton 		Northern Terminus

See also

List of intrastate Interstate Highways

References

  1. ^ Interstate lengths from the United States Department of Transportation
  2. ^ a b c "Economic Development History of Interstate - 43 Corridor - Economic Development - FHWA". Wisconsin Highways. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
  3. ^ a b c Bechtel, George (1999). Wisconsin Highways: A History of Wisconsin Highway Development 1945-1985. Wisconsin Department of Transportation.
  4. ^ a b Klessig, Edward (1974). Interstate 43: The Last Highway Steal in Wisconsin. State Historical Society of Wisconsin location = Green Bay, WI. {{cite book}}: Missing pipe in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ Bessert, Chris. "Wisconsin Highways: Highways 40-49 (Interstate 43)". Wisconsin Highways. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  6. ^ Silvers, Amy Rabideau (15 August 1990). "Sorry Milwaukee, but Beloit is the starting point for measuring I-43 Mile markers and exit numbers will show the mileage from Beloit". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ Wisconsin Department of Transportation. "Marquette Interchange Project: Project Guide". Retrieved 2009-03-07.
  8. ^ "Interstate Highway Control Cities". 2004. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Overview map of Interstate 43 (Map). Cartography by TeleAtlas. Google Maps. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
  10. ^ Rock Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  11. ^ "2007 Interstate System Rock Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  12. ^ a b "2006 Walworth Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  13. ^ Walworth Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  14. ^ Waukesha Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  15. ^ "2006 Waukesha Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  16. ^ a b "2007 Milwaukee County Highway System Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  17. ^ Bessert, Chris. "Wisconsin Highways: Milwaukee Freeways: Rock Freeway". Wisconsin Highways. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
  18. ^ "2007 Milwaukee County Freeway System 2007 Mainline AADT Only Annual Average Daily Traffic (map 2 of 3)" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  19. ^ Bessert, Chris. "Wisconsin Highways: Milwaukee Freeway Map". Wisconsin Highways. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  20. ^ Milwaukee Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  21. ^ "2007 Milwaukee County Freeway System 2007 Mainline AADT Only Annual Average Daily Traffic (map 1 of 3)" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  22. ^ Ozaukee Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  23. ^ Sheboygan Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  24. ^ "2007 Interstate System Ozaukee Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  25. ^ "2005 Sheboygan Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  26. ^ Manitowoc Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  27. ^ "2005 Interstate System Manitowoc Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  28. ^ Brown Co (pdf) (Map). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  29. ^ "2006 Interstate System Brown Co Annual Average Daily Traffic" (pdf). Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  30. ^ Wisconsin Department of Transportation. "Exit numbers on I-43". Retrieved 2009-02-27.
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