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Melbourne Airport

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Melbourne Airport

Tullamarine Airport
File:Melbourne Airport.png
Melbourne Airport control tower
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerAustralia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited
OperatorAustralia Pacific Airports (Melbourne) Pty Ltd
ServesMelbourne
LocationMelbourne Airport, adjacent to Tullamarine
Elevation AMSL434 ft / 132 m
Coordinates37°40′24.1″S 144°50′36.2″E / 37.673361°S 144.843389°E / -37.673361; 144.843389
Websitewww.melair.com.au
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
09/27 2,286 7,500 Asphalt
16/34 3,657 11,998 Asphalt
Statistics (2007-2008)
Passengers24,260,000 [1]
Aircraft Movements180,500 [1]

Melbourne Airport (also known as Tullamarine Airport) (IATA: MEL, ICAO: YMML) is the busiest airport serving Melbourne and the second busiest airport in Australia after Sydney Airport. The airport is Australia's busiest curfew-free airport and the busiest airport for domestic freight in Australia. [2] Melbourne Airport is a major domestic hub, being the number one destination for the airports of five of Australia's seven capital cities (excluding itself).Template:Fn The airport is home base for passenger airlines Jetstar and Tiger Airways Australia and cargo airlines Australian air Express and Toll Priority and is a major hub for Qantas and Virgin Blue. Melbourne Airport is the recipient of the IATA Eagle Award,[3] two National Tourism Awards [4][5] and has been ranked in the top five airports worldwide numerous times. [6][7][8]

The airport is located 25 km northwest of the Melbourne city centre and has its own suburb boundaries with the area officially named Melbourne Airport, adjacent to the suburb of Tullamarine and has the postcode 3045. The airport has two runways and four terminals and with flights to over 60 destinations and over 30 airlines, the airport handled over 24 million passengers with 180,500 aircraft movements during 2007–2008 financial year. [1] Since 2004, Melbourne Airport has faced competition from Avalon Airport, located 50 km to the southwest of the Melbourne city centre, for domestic operations [9], and for international operations additionally which could commence in the near future. [10] A second commercial airport is unique among any Australian city.[9]

History

The main terminal building
The Airport Hilton Hotel.

During the 1960s, as worldwide demand for air travel grew, the nearby Essendon Airport was becoming insufficient to meet the needs as the primary airport for Melbourne. Its runways and terminals would not be able to accommodate aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and McDonnell Douglas DC-10 which were due to enter service in the early 1970s. Expansion of Essendon Airport was not possible due to surrounding housing and the noise from jet operations made Essendon an unsuitable site. A site in proximity to Essendon was chosen, in Tullamarine. Over the 1960s, land was acquired and the airport was built. The airport was opened by Prime Minister John Gorton on July 1 1970, with the first international flights arriving. In the first year of operations the airport handled six international airlines and 155,275 international passengers. [11] The first domestic flight landed on June 26, 1971 [12] and also that year, the first landing of the Boeing 747. [11]

Melbourne Airport was originally called Tullamarine Airport and locals still commonly refer to it by that name or simply as Tulla. The namesake of this is the adjacent suburb, Tullamarine. But, with privatisation, and following the lead of most major Australian airports, the name was changed to simply Melbourne Airport. However, the term Tullamarine is still used to distinguish the airport from Avalon, Essendon and Moorabbin airports.

In 1988, the Australian Government formed the Federal Airports Corporation (FAC) which took over Melbourne Airport, as well as 21 other airports around Australia. This was instigated to prelude the privatisation of these airports. [11] In April 1994, the Australian Government officially concended that all airports operated by Federal Airports Corporation would be privatised in several phases. [13] On July 2, 1997, Melbourne Airport was privatised, with the airport being leased to the newly formed Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited, (who would also go on to lease Launceston Airport) a company largely owned by a group of Australian fund managers, for 50 years with options for a further 49. [11] In July 1997, the Melbourne Airport website was launched providing Australia's first real time flight operations data on the internet. [11] Several investments in infrastructure have been undertaken since privatisation including extensions of runways, car parks and terminals.

Awards and accolades

Melbourne Airport has been the recipient of numerous awards and accolades. The International Air Transport Association ranked the airport in the top five airports worldwide in 1997 and 1998. [6][14] The Australian Airport Association named the airport Airport of the Year in 1999. [14] Business Traveller Magazine ranked the airport in the top ten airports in 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. [14][7] The IATA presented the airport with the Eagle Award in 2003, the first of two Australian airports to receive such award. [3][15] Airports Council International ranked the airport in the top five for airports that handle between 15 and 25 million passengers in 2008. [8][16]

The airport has also received recognition in other areas. Melbourne Airport was named in the 1998, 1999 and 2000 Victorian Tourism Awards. [14] The airport won the National Tourism Award for general tourism services in 1998 and 2000 at the Australian Tourism Awards. [4][5] The Committee of Melbourne presented the airport with the Melbourne Award in 1999. [14] In the 2000 Victorian Tourism Awards, Melbourne Airport was instated in the Hall of Fame. [14] Singapore Airlines presented the airport with the Service Partner Award and Premier Business Partner award in 2002 and 2004 respectively. [14][17] The Environmental Management Systems at the airport were accredited ISO 14001, the world's best practice standard in 2004. The airport is the first in Australia to receive such accreditation. [18] In 2006, the airport won the Australian Construction Achievement Award for the runway widening project, calling it, "the most outstanding example of construction excellence for 2006." [19]

Accidents and incidents

  • On May 29 2003, Qantas Flight 1737 en route to Launceston Airport was hijacked shortly after takeoff. The flight attendants and passengers managed to subdue and restrain the hijacker, and the plane landed safely at Melbourne.
  • On February 21 2005, an evacuation and closure of what was then the South Terminal occurred due to a mystery illness. The incident began at 7:10 am when a female collapsed in the terminal building. The terminal was closed at 10:10 am due to several individuals exhibiting symptoms and being hospitalised. In all, 57 individuals were seen by ambulance officers and of which 47 were hospitalised. All flights landing at the affected terminal were bused to the Patrick Freight facility and unloaded. The South Terminal reopened at 6 pm. The mystery illness was never determined. [20][21]

Operations

Melbourne Airport is the second busiest airport in Australia after Sydney Airport. The airport is curfew-free and operates 24 hours a day, although in practice there are few aircraft movements between 2 a.m and 4 a.m, except freight aircraft.

Route developments

Between 2005 and 2007, Melbourne Airport faced a capacity crunch with a shortfall of 500,000 international seats. [22] British Airways pulled out of Melbourne but Qantas replaced the lost flights in March 2006. [23] This was compounded by the loss of the last European carrier, Austrian Airlines in March 2007. [24]

Recently, there has been an influx of capacity increases at the airport. Korean Air commenced flights to Seoul on September 22 2007, providing the first direct link to Korea [25] Norfolk Air commenced operations also, with a weekly flight to Norfolk Island. Cathay Pacific increased its services to Hong Kong to thrice daily in October 2007 [26] and Thai followed suit on March 30 2008 upping to twice daily. Qantas began flights to Shanghai in 2008, Air China de-linked its Beijing-Shanghai flights from Sydney, [27] and China Southern Airlines added capacity to Guangzhou. [28] Domestically, Skywest introduced a thrice-weekly Perth–Kalgoorlie–Melbourne service in November 2007 to cater for the mining industry, however this will be discontinued in November 2008. [29] Tiger Airways Australia began operations in November 2007 with Melbourne Airport as its sole hub, serving destinations throughout Australia at Terminal 4.

Air New Zealand began daily direct flights to San Francisco via Auckland from March 30 2008. [30], the first direct flights to San Francisco. Jetstar commenced flights to Singapore via Darwin on April 17 2008 competing on price compared to the traditional non-stop flight. [31] Air Vanuatu commenced a weekly service to Port Vila on June 5 2007 [32] and Norfolk Air will added an additional flight weekly flight to Norfolk Island on September 1 2008. [33] Both Malaysia Airlines and Garuda Indonesia increased their services in July 2008. [34]

Pacific Blue will enter the under served Auckland market with daily flights from September 22 2008 using the 737-800 [35] whilst Air New Zealand also increases capacity. [36] Emirates Airline will go thrice daily on February 3 2009 using the Airbus A340-500. [37] Etihad Airways will launch a daily flights to Abu Dhabi from March 2009 using the A340-600 causing further competition in the Middle-Eastern arena. [38] Qantas will significantly increase capacity to Los Angeles progressively replacing the non-stop 747-400ER with A380s [39] and replacing the last A330-200 one-stop services with 747-400s.

Prospective users and routes

Airbus A380

The A380 at the airport for the first time, as part of the testing programme

Recent works have been undertaken to prepare the airport for the late 2007 arrival of the double-deck Airbus A380, which has been purchased by a number of airlines using the airport including Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Thai, China Southern Airlines, Singapore Airlines and Emirates. Improvements include construction of dual airbridges (Gates 9 and 11) with the ability to board both decks simultaneously to reduce turnaround times, the extension of the international terminal building by 20 metres to include new penthouse airline lounges, an expansion to the short-term carpark, a second exit off the Tullamarine Freeway to reduce congestion on Airport Drive, the widening of the north/south runway by 15 metres and the widening of remote stands and taxiways. Along with the construction of an additional extra large baggage carousel in the international arrivals hall. All this work has made the airport the first A380-capable airport in Australia. [59] On May 15, 2008, the A380 made its first passenger flight into the airport, when a Singapore Airlines Sydney-bound flight was diverted due to the closure of Sydney Airport because of fog. [60]

Qantas will be the first airline to operate the Airbus A380 from the airport, from October 20 2008 on the route Melbourne Airport to Los Angeles International Airport. [39] Qantas will be followed by Singapore Airlines who will operate the A380 from Melbourne Airport to Singapore Changi Airport starting later in 2008. [61] Emirates Airline will operate the A380 from Melbourne Airport to Dubai International Airport in 2009. [62]

Avalon Airport

Main article: Avalon Airport

When Jetstar was established in 2004, it was decided to operate flights to Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth from Avalon Airport rather than Melbourne Airport. [9] This has created airport competition for the first time in any Australian city. This has led to the establishment of the Budget Terminal, home to Tiger Airways Australia, to compete with Avalon Airport. Additionally, this has prompted Melbourne Airport to lower landing fees and make it the cheapest arrival point in Australia. To land and process one international passenger at Melbourne Airport costs $29.46 while rival Sydney Airport costs $46.12. [63] The competition with Avalon will only get more intense as AirAsia X is evaluating launching flights to Kuala Lumpur from either Avalon or Tullamarine. [10] This makes Melbourne the only city in Australia to have a second airport with commercial flights.

Traffic and statistics

Melbourne Airport passenger numbers have hit a record high, with the airport recording more than 24.2 million passengers in 2007-08. 4.77 million of those were international, with the remaining 19.36 million domestic. There were 180,160 aircraft movements, the vast majority (154,810) being domestic passenger services. [1] In the long term, the compounded average annual growth rate for passenger movements is between 3.3% and 4.3%. For aircraft movements, the CAAGR is between 1.8% and 2.6%. [64] This firmly entrenches Melbourne Airport as Australia's second busiest airport, remaining busier than Brisbane Airport, [65] but not surpassing Sydney Airport [66].

The following table lists passenger statistics for Melbourne Airport. Forecast statistics are in dark grey.

Runways

Melbourne Airport has two intersecting runways, one 3,657 metre North-South runway and one 2,286 metre East-West runway. As traffic grows, several runway expansion projects are on the agenda. A 843 metre extension of the North-South runway to provide it an ultimate length of 4,500 metres and a 1,214 metre extension of the East-West runway to give it an ultimate length of 3,500 metres are both planned. [64] Additionally, two more runways are planned. Firstly, a 3,000 metre runway west of the current North-South runway. [64] Secondly, another 3,000 metre runway is planned south of the current East-West runway. [64] A third runway is expected to be required from 2017 as traffic movement is expected to reach 248,000 per annum [70].

On June 5, 2008 it was announced that the airport intends to install a Category III landing system, allowing planes to land during fog, by the end of 2008. This will be the first of its kind in Australia. [71]

Melbourne Centre

Main article: Melbourne Centre

Melbourne Airport is home to Melbourne Centre, which controls Australia's busiest Flight Information Region, Melbourne FIR, as well as Canberra and Melbourne approach. Melbourne FIR contains Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales south of Sydney, most of South Australia and the southern half of Western Australia. This includes six of the eight capital cities of Australia. It also contains the Australian Indian and Southern Ocean airspace. [72]

Other facilities

A Hilton Hotel is located across from T2, atop the multi level carpark. Work started on the six story 280 room hotel in January 1999, and was completed in mid-2000.[73] The older Centra Hotel is located closer to the freeway. Other airport hotels include the Holiday Inn and Hotel Formule 1.

Access

Car

Melbourne Airport is approximately 25 km from the Central Business District, as it accessible via CityLink and the Tullamarine Freeway. Melbourne Airport has five car parks that all operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. These are the Short Term, Multi-Level Long Term, Long Term, Business and Express car parks, all of which are undercover except Long Term.[74] The main multilevel carpark in front of the terminal was built in the late 1990s replacing ground level car parking,[73] and has been progressively expanded since.

Public transport

The Skybus Super Shuttle service is the main transport link to the airport, taking approximately 20 minutes to reach Southern Cross Station in the Melbourne CBD. From Southern Cross, airport passengers can access V/Line regional and Connex Melbourne suburban trains, and interstate train and bus services. [75] Three local bus services under the Metcard fare system also run to the airport, Route 478 between Moonee Ponds Junction and Melbourne Airport, Route 479 from Moonee Ponds to Sunbury via the airport, and Route 500 between Broadmeadows railway station and Victoria University in Sunbury.[75]

There are no fewer than nine other bus companies serving the airport with services to Ballarat, Bendigo, Dandenongs, Frankston, Mornington Peninsula, Geelong, Melbourne suburbs, Shepparton and the Riverina. [76] These negate the need to transfer onto V/Line services. This includes a daily return service from the states north; starting in Shepparton, passing through Nagambie, Seymour and Broadford and is operated by Airport Direct. [77] Bendigo Airport Service operates four-daily return buses between Bendigo and the Airport. From Geelong Gull Bus operates about every one to two hours.[78]

A rail link from what was then known as the Broadmeadows (now the Craigieburn Suburban Line) to the airport was mooted in the 1960s, but little progress was made in this regard.

In 2001, the state government investigated the construction of a heavy rail link to Melbourne Airport. Two options were considered, one branching off the Craigieburn Suburban Line to the east, and another branching off the Albion Goods Line, which passes close to the airport's boundary to the south, with the latter being the preferred option.[79] Market research found that at present most passengers preferred travel by taxi or private car to the airport, and poor patronage of similar links in Sydney and Brisbane also cast doubt on the viability of the project.[80] This led to the project being deferred until at least 2012. On July 21 2008, the Premier of Victoria reaffirmed the government's commitment to a rail link and that it would come onto the agenda within three to five years. [81] To maximise future airport development opportunities, the airport is seeking the on-airport section of the line to be underground. [82][64]

Terminals

File:Melbairterm1111.png
Melbourne Airport Terminal precinct

The terminals have 56 gates between them, 40 domestic and 16 international. [83] There are also six dedicated freighter parking positions on the Southern Freighter Apron. [84] The current terminal numbering system was introduced in July 2005, before they were known as Qantas Domestic, International, and South (formerly Ansett Domestic).[85]

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is home to domestic services for Qantas Group brands Qantas, Jetstar and QantasLink, and is located to the northern end of the terminal building. Departures for are located on the first floor, while arrivals are located on the ground floor. In late 1999 an expansion to the Qantas terminal was opened, with a second pier added to the east of the existing, and the terminal building itself expanded along with a new access roadway. The works cost $50 million and took 2 years.[73] Today a wide range of shops and food outlets are situated at the end of the terminal, just before heading into the International Terminal (T2). Qantas has a Qantas Club lounge in the terminal. [86][87]

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 houses most international flights out of Melbourne Airport, with the only exception being Jetstar's flight to Singapore which operates via Darwin. The terminal has 16 gates, however gates 12-16 are 'standoff' (or non-airbridge gates).

A $330 million expansion program for T2 was announced in 2007. The objectives of this project include new lounges and retail facilities, a new satellite terminal, increased luggage capacity and a redesign of outbound passenger customs and security areas.[88] A new satellite terminal will feature floor to ceiling windows offering views of the north-south runway. The new concourse will include three double-decker aerobridges each accommodating an A380 aircraft or two smaller aircraft. Capacity for baggage handling will also be increased and two new baggage belts in the arrivals hall will cater for additional A380 traffic. Work commenced in November 2007 and will be completed in stages through to 2012. [89]

Although described as a satellite terminal, it is really an extension of the current international terminal building connected by an above-ground corridor access. Diagrams of the proposed new extension however indicate that departures will take place on the lower deck (similar to the A380 boarding lounges currently in use at gates 9 and 11) with arrivals streamed on to the first floor to connect with the current first floor arrivals deck. Passengers departing from gates in the new extension will therefore have to drop down into their gate lounges once they reach their assigned gate.

Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Singapore Airlines, Air New Zealand/United Airlines and Emirates Airline all operate airline lounges in the terminal. [87]

Gate 13 used by Virgin Blue at T3

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is home to Virgin Blue, Regional Express and Skywest and is owned by Melbourne Airport. Expansion of the terminal was approved in 2000 and completed in 2002 when a second pier was added to the south for the use of smaller regional airlines.[90][91] Formerly used exclusively by Ansett Australia until its collapse in 2001,[92] Virgin Blue moved into the terminal from what was then called Domestic Express (now Terminal 4). [93] It currently houses all domestic airlines, outside the low cost carrier Tiger Airways Australia, that are not part of the Qantas Group.[94] Virgin Blue operates The Lounge in the terminal. [87][95]

Terminal 4

Terminal 4 was originally called the Domestic Express and South Terminal, and is now the budget terminal, the first dedicated budget terminal within a conventional airport in Australia. Originally, it was purposely constructed for Virgin Blue and Impulse Airlines. As time went on, Regional Express also utilised the terminal. Virgin Blue and Regional Express eventually moved into Terminal 3 when it was vacated by Ansett. [96] A five million dollar refit began in June 2007 [97] following the budget terminal model at Singapore Changi Airport and Kuala Lumpur International Airport. In order to lower landing fees and airport handling fees, the terminal is much more basic, with fewer amenities and retail outlets. The terminal also lacks aerobridges, a cost saving measure. The terminal was purposely reconstructed for Tiger Airways Australia, who utilise it as their main hub. The terminal opened with Tiger's first domestic flights departing on November 23 2007. [98]

Jetstar Airways have confirmed to have been in discussions with Melbourne Airport regarding the expansion of terminal facilities to accommodate for the growth of domestic low cost services. The expansion of Terminal 4 considers infrastructure accommodating Tiger and Jetstar flights, in separate adjoining sections. The plans are currently in development and the expansion of Terminal 4 would include relocating the current freight centre. If given the go-ahead, this project is expected to cost hundreds of millions of dollars and take five years to complete. [99]

Airlines and destinations

A Virgin Blue Boeing 737 during a turn-around at T3
Overview of Terminal 1 with Qantas and Jetstar aircraft
Aircraft on the Southern Freighter Apron
Tiger Airways Australia A320 taxiing

The following airlines operate services to Melbourne Airport using their own aircraft. Many others operate services as codeshares.[100]

Airlines operating in Melbourne Airport
Airlines Destinations Terminal
Air China Beijing, Shanghai-Pudong 2
Air Mauritius Mauritius 2
Air New Zealand Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin [seasonal], San Francisco [30], Queenstown [101], Rarotonga [102], Wellington 2
Air New Zealand Cargo Auckland, Chicago-O'Hare, Frankfurt, Shanghai-Pudong [103] Southern Freighter Apron
Air Pacific Nadi 2
Air Vanuatu Port Vila [32] 2
Atlas Air Chicago-O'Hare, Frankfurt-Hahn, New York-JFK, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney Southern Freighter Apron
Australian air Express Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Hobart, Launceston, Perth, Sydney, Townsville Southern Freighter Apron
Cargolux Auckland, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Singapore [104] Southern Freighter Apron
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong 2
Cathay Pacific Cargo Hong Kong, Sydney Southern Freighter Apron
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai-Pudong 2
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou 2
Emirates Airline Auckland, Dubai, Singapore 2
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi [begins March [38]] 2
Garuda Indonesia Denpasar/Bali 2
Korean Air Seoul-Incheon 2
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur 2
MASkargo Kuala Lumpur Southern Freighter Apron
OzJet
  • Norfolk Island, Sydney [105]
 2
Philippine Airlines Manila 2
Qantas (International) Adelaide, Auckland, Hong Kong, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Queenstown [seasonal], San Francisco, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita [ends September 1 [106]], Wellington
  • Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Christchurch, Denpasar/Bali, Honolulu [107], Sydney
 2
Qantas (Domestic) Adelaide, Alice Springs, Ayers Rock [ends August 8 [108]], Brisbane, Broome, Cairns, Canberra, Hobart, Perth, Sydney
  • Canberra, Devonport, Launceston, Mildura, Mount Hotham (seasonal)
  • Adelaide [begins September 1], Ballina/Byron, Cairns, Darwin, Gold Coast, Hamilton Island, Hobart, Launceston, Newcastle, Perth, Singapore [109], Sunshine Coast, Townsville
 1
Regional Express Albury, Burnie, King Island, Merimbula, Mildura, Mount Gambier, Wagga Wagga 3
Skywest Airlines Kalgoorlie [ends November 3 [29]], Perth [ends November 3 [29]] 3
Singapore Airlines Singapore 2
Singapore Airlines Cargo Adelaide, Singapore Southern Freighter Apron
Thai Airways International Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 2
Tiger Airways Australia Adelaide, Alice Springs, Canberra, Darwin, Gold Coast, Hobart, Launceston, Mackay, Newcastle [ends August 11 [110]], Perth, Rockhampton, Sunshine Coast 4
Toll Priority Adelaide, Alice Springs, Brisbane, Darwin, Launceston, Perth, Sydney Southern Freighter Apron
United Airlines Los Angeles 2
Vietnam Airlines Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City 2
Virgin Blue
  • Auckland [begins September 22 [35]], Christchurch
 2
Virgin Blue Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Coffs Harbour, Gold Coast, Hobart, Newcastle, Launceston, Perth, Sunshine Coast, Sydney 3

See also

Notes

References

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