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Texas A&M University
File:Texas AandM University seal.png
TypeFlagship state university
Established1871[1]
EndowmentUS $5.6 billion (Systemwide)[2]
PresidentDr. Eddie J. Davis (interim)
ProvostDr. David B. Prior
Academic staff
2,500[3]
Students45,380[4]
Undergraduates36,580[4]
Postgraduates4,839[4]
3,452[4]
Location
College Station
,
Texas
,
United States
CampusUrban, 5,200 acres (20 km2)[5]
ColorsMaroon and White    
NicknameAggies
AffiliationsAAU, Big 12
MascotReveille VII
Websitewww.tamu.edu
Logo is a trademark of Texas A&M University; All figures are as of 12 August 2006[4]

Texas A&M University, often called A&M or TAMU, is a coeducational public research university located in College Station, Texas. It is the flagship[8] institution of the Texas A&M University System. Opened in 1876 as an agricultural and mechanical college, Texas A&M was the first public institution of higher learning in Texas. In 1963, the Texas Legislature changed the college's name to Texas A&M University to reflect the expanded roles and academic offerings of the university. The letters "A&M" no longer have any explicit meaning but are retained as a link to the university's past.[9]

Texas A&M's triple designation as a Land-, Sea-, and Space-Grant institution reflect a broad range of research with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as NASA, the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. Working in partnership with state agencies such as the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and Texas Cooperative Extension, Texas A&M has a direct presence in every county in the state.[10] The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through ten colleges and is home to 18 research institutes. Since its inception, Texas A&M has awarded more than 320,000 degrees, including 70,000 graduate and professional degrees.[11]

As a senior military college, Texas A&M is one of three public universities with a full-time, volunteer corps of cadets. It provides more commissioned officers to the United States Armed Forces than any other school outside of the service academies.[12]

History

Main article: History of Texas A&M University

1870–1900

Texas A&M in 1883

Texas A&M was established by the Texas Legislature in 1871 as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, commonly known as Texas A.M.C. The new college, the state's first public institution of higher education, would be a land-grant university, funded through the sale of public lands the US Congress donated to the state through the Morrill Act in 1862.[1] Under the terms of the Morrill Act, the land grants should be sold at public auction to establish a permanent fund supporting a college where the "leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and mechanical arts...in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in life."[13]

A state committee chose to establish Texas A&M in Brazos County, which agreed to donate 2,416 acres (10 km2) of land near Bryan, Texas for the new school.[9] The college opened for classes on October 4, 1876 with 40 male cadets and six faculty members.[9][14] With mandatory participation in the Corps of Cadets and military training, enrollment climbed to 258 students before declining to 108 students in 1883, the year the University of Texas opened in Austin, Texas.[9][15] Although the legislature had originally envisioned the college as a component of the University of Texas system, the Austin university was established with a separate Board of Regents, leaving Texas A.M.C. to continue to be governed by its Board of Directors.[9]

In the late 1880s, many Texas residents did not see a need for two colleges in Texas and clamored for an end to the agricultural and mechanical college. In 1891 Texas A&M was saved from potential closure by its new president, former governor of Texas and well-respected Confederate Brigadier General Lawrence Sullivan Ross. Ross made many improvements to the school and enrollment doubled to 467 cadets as parents sent their sons to A&M to learn to be like Ross.[16][17]

File:Militarywalk.jpg
Texas A&M campus in 1920

1900–1950

Texas A&M graduates were asked to put their education and military training to the test during World War I, and, by 1918, 49% of all graduates of the college were in military service, more than any other college or university.[9] In early September 1918, the entire senior class was mustered into military service, with plans to send the younger students at staggered dates throughout the next year. Many of the seniors were fighting in France when the war ended two months later.[18] In total, over 1,200 former students served as commissioned officers. After the conclusion of the war, Texas A&M experienced a rapid growth and became nationally recognized for its programs in agriculture, engineering, and military science.[9]

Aggies again served in high numbers during World War II, with the college producing 20,229 combat troops. Of those, 14,123 Aggies served as officers, more than the combined total of the United States Naval Academy and the United States Military Academy.[19] Twenty-nine of its graduates reached the rank of general.[9]

Shortly after the conclusion of the war, in 1948, the state Legislature officially recognized A&M as a separate university system distinct from the University of Texas system. The school's Board of Directors continued to oversee the system.[20]

1950–present

Statue of Maj. Gen. James Earl Rudder on Texas A&M campus

On March 26, 1960, Major General James Earl Rudder, class of 1932, became the 16th president of the college.[21] During his tenure, the school was desegregated, women were admitted, and membership in the Corps of Cadets became voluntary. At the time of his death in 1970, Rudder had overseen the growth of the school from 7,500 students to an enrollment of 14,000 students from all 50 states and 75 nations.[22]

The 58th Legislature of Texas approved of Rudder's changes, and officially changed the name of the school from "The Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas" to "Texas A&M University"[22] and specified that, in the new name of the school, the "A" and the "M" were purely symbolic, reflecting the school's past, and no longer stood for "Agricultural and Mechanical."[9] In the following 35 years, Texas A&M more than tripled its enrollment from 14,000 students to over 45,000.[5]

The new university gained further recognition in 1971, when Texas A&M became one of the first four universities given the designation sea-grant for its achievements in the fields of oceanography and marine resources development.[23][24] In 1989, the university was also awarded the title space-grant by NASA, in recognition of its commitment to space research and participation in the Texas Space Grant Consortium."[13] Texas A&M is currently one of only a few institutions to be triple designated as a Land-, Sea-, and Space-Grant University.[5]

George Bush Presidential Library.

In 1997, the school was further honored with the establishment of the George Bush Presidential Library on the western edge of the campus.[5] Operated by the National Archives and Records Administration, it is one of eleven presidential libraries in the United States. Former President George Bush remains actively involved with both the Bush Library and the nearby George Bush School of Government and Public Service, frequently visiting the campus and participating in special events.[25]

Texas A&M received national media attention on November 18, 1999, when Aggie Bonfire, a popular student tradition, collapsed during construction. The accident, later attributed to an improper design and poor construction practices, resulted in the death of twelve current and former students; twenty-seven others were injured.[26]

In May 2001, the Association of American Universities selected Texas A&M for membership, thanks in part to strong support from Rice University and the University of Texas at Austin. The selection was also based on the depth of A&M's research and academic programs.[27] In 2006, University President Robert Gates resigned from his position to become the U.S. Secretary of Defense.[28]

Academics

Profile

Sul Ross Statue located in front of the Academic Building.

Texas A&M University has an enrollment of 45,380 students pursuing degrees in 10 academic colleges, which makes it the eighth largest university in the United States. The student body represents all 254 Texas counties, all 50 U.S. states, and 132 foreign countries. 86.56% of the student body are Texas residents while 26% of the student body are either of international origin or members of ethnic minority groups. About 47.3% of the student body are women and 52.7% are men.[4]

The university consistently ranks among the top ten public universities each year, in terms of the enrollment of National Merit scholars.[29] According to the College Board, the 2010 entering freshman class consisted of 46% students in the top 10% of their high school graduating class, 77% in the top quarter, and 90% in the top half.[30] The middle 50% of the freshmen had an average SAT score between 1580 and 1900 (out of 2400) and an ACT score between 23 and 28.[31]

The largest college of enrollment is the Dwight Look College of Engineering, which enrolls about 20.5% of the student body. The College of Liberal Arts and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences follow, enrolling 15% and 14% of the student body, respectively. The College of Education and Human Development enrolls 12%, and Mays Business School enrolls about 11%. Colleges with less than 10% enrollment include the College of Architecture, the College of Science, the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, the College of Geosciences, and the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences. Approximately 8% of the student body have temporarily chosen general studies as their major.[4]

Rankings

In the 2007 U.S. News and World Report, Texas A&M University is ranked 60th nationally among all universities in the United States and 21st among public universities.[32] The Washington Monthly ranks Texas A&M 5th nationally[33] with criteria based on research, community service, and social mobility. Newsweek International ranks A&M as the 77th university globally based on "openness and diversity" as well as "distinction in research."[34] Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranks A&M 50th nationally and 88th internationally based on quality of education, quality of faculty, and research output.[35] The Times Higher Education Supplement ranks A&M 60th among the world's top 100 technology universities, 24th among the nation's top biomedicine universities, and 50th among North America's top 50 universities.[36] Kiplinger's Personal Finance ranks Texas A&M as the 26th best value public university based on in-state tuition, and the 12th best value public university based on out-of-state tuition.[37] In addition, Hispanic Magazine ranks A&M as the 25th top school nationally for Latinos,[38] while New Mobility magazine ranks A&M as one of the top 10 "disability-friendly" colleges.[39]

Endowment

WIkierror

Research

Research Park

Texas A&M University works with both state and university agencies on various local and international research projects to forge new innovations in modern genetics, technology, or other scientific projects. This research is carried out by two primary institutional bodies; most notably, Research Valley, an alliance of both educational and business organizations with the goal to foster collaborative research in devours with commercial prospects. When combined, Research Valley consists of 11,400 acres (50 km2) with 2,500,000 square feet (232,000 m2) of dedicated research space. A second institution involves Texas A&M's dedicated Research Park, established in 1982, consisting of 350 acres (1 km2), 10 buildings, dozens of corporations, and 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of space.[40] Research funding for A&M during the 2004 year totaled more than $520.9 million, ranking Texas A&M among the top 20 research institutes in the United States, with funding increasing more than $100 million from 1994 to 2004. A&M ranks 13th among all U.S. research universities in exchange agreements with institutions abroad and student participation in study abroad programs.[41]

Texas A&M University is the leading university in animal cloning. Spearheaded by the College of Veterinary Medicine, A&M was the first university in the world to clone a domestic animal, a cat named 'cc' on December 22, 2001, due in part to funding from John Sperling.[42] Texas A&M is the first academic institution to clone six different species: cattle, a boer goat, pigs, a cat, a deer and a horse.[43]

In 2004, Texas A&M and its research agencies received nearly $400 million in new awards, an increase of more than $125 million over a 10-year period. The A&M System faculty and research submitted 121 new inventions and established 78 new royalty-bearing licensing agreements during the year, receiving $8 million in income from the innovations. The Texas A&M Technology Licensing Office filed for 88 patents for protection of intellectual property in 2004.[44]

Also in 2004, Texas A&M joined a consortium of universities to build the Giant Magellan Telescope in Chile. Consisting of seven mirrors each with a diameter of 8.4 meters (9.2 yd), the optical telescope will have the equivalent of a 24.5 meters (26.8 yd) primary mirror. With construction slated to be complete in 2016, it will be the largest optical telescope ever constructed and ten times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope.[45]

Cyclotron Institute

In conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, Texas A&M became the first U.S. nuclear research reactor to convert reactor fuel from a highly enriched form to a low-enriched safer form to reduce civilian use of weapon grade uranium. Completed on October 13, 2006, the process of depleting the uranium from 70% enrichment to 20% enrichment finalized an 18-month, joint project. This accomplishment fulfilled a portion of George W. Bush’s Global Nuclear Threat Reduction Initiative to produce safe low-enriched uranium for commercial use.[46]

Research is not limited to graduate students or professors, and many opportunities are available for undergraduates, including AggieSat, an organization funded and sponsored by the Aerospace Department to build modularized satellites in conjunction with NASA and the Air Force Research Lab. AggieSat is run by approximately 80 undergraduate students representing 17 majors completing the work, with oversight and assistance from graduates students in both engineering and business. Current projects include competing against several universities in Nanosat-5, an Air Force competition for constructing autonomous satellites, and a joint project with NASA and the University of Texas to develop two Cube Satellites for autonomous rendezvous and docking.[47]

The Texas A&M University Libraries support the teaching, research, and outreach missions of Texas A&M through leadership in acquiring, managing, and delivering information in an environment that fosters learning and inquiry. In particular, Texas A&M is nationally and internationally recognized for many research collections, including: Engineering & Technology, Entomology, Military History, Nautical Archaeology, Naval Science, Oceanography & Hydrology, Range Livestock, Science, Science Fiction, and Transportation.[48] Other notable research entities include the Texas Institute for Genomic Medicine, the Texas Transportation Institute, the Cyclotron Institute, the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and the Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology.[49]

Worldwide

Texas A&M has participated in more than 500 research projects in over 80 countries and leads the Southwest with annual research expenditures. A&M conducts research on every continent in the world and has formal research and exchange agreements with 100 institutions in 40 countries.[50] A&M ranks 13th among all U.S. research universities in exchange agreements with institutions abroad and student participation in study abroad programs,[41] and has established a strong research collaboration with the National Natural Science Foundation of China as well as with many leading universities in China.[50]

Texas A&M also has two international facilities, a multipurpose center in Mexico City, Mexico and the Santa Chiara Study Abroad Center in Castiglion Fiorentino, Italy.[51] [52] Additionally, the A&M System includes Texas A&M at Qatar, a branch campus located in Education City in Doha, Qatar devoted to engineering disciplines.[53]

In the fall of 2006, 3,575 international students came from 132 countries to attend Texas A&M, with the majority of those students pursuing graduate degrees.[4] The same semester over 1,200 Texas A&M students, primarily undergraduates, studied abroad.[54]

Texas A&M's Center for International Business Studies is one of 28 in the United States supported by the U.S. Department of Education.[55] The university is also one of only two American universities in partnership with CONACyT, Mexico's equivalent of the National Science Foundation, to support research in areas including biotechnology, telecommunications, energy, and urban development.[56] In addition, the university is the home of "Las Americas Digital Research Network," an online architecture network for 26 universities in 12 nations, primarily in Central and South America.[57]

Campus

Main article: Campus of Texas A&M University
Part of Texas A&M University's main campus, looking north from the football stadium, Kyle Field. At the center is the Academic Building with its copper dome.

Texas A&M University is one of the largest universities by area in the nation with 5,200 acres (21 km2) plus 350 acres (1 km2) for Research Park within the main campus in College Station, Texas.[5]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

The campus is bisected by a set of railroad tracks primarily operated by Union Pacific Railroad.[58] The area east of the railroad tracks is known as "Main Campus"[59] and includes many of the academic buildings, the Memorial Student Center, Kyle Field, and the student dormitories. The portion of the campus west of the railroad tracks is known as "West Campus" and includes most of the sports facilities, the business school, agricultural programs, the veterinary college, the George Bush Presidential Library and the medical school. The area of West Campus along Kimbrough Boulevard is known as "Research Park" and includes many research facilities.[60][61]

The university is part of the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area, colloquially known as Aggieland, located within Brazos County in the Brazos Valley/East Texas region of the state. The combined population of College Station and Bryan totals 137,215, as of 2000.[62] Due largely to the size of Texas A&M University, in 2006, College Station was named by Money Magazine as the most educated city in Texas, and the 11th most educated city in the United States.[63]

Aggieland is centrally located within 200 miles (320 km) of three of the 10 largest cities in the United States and 75% of the Texas and Louisiana populations (approximately 13.1 million people). Aggieland's major roadway is State Highway 6, and several smaller state highways and Farm to Market Roads connect the area to larger highways such as Interstate 45.[62]

Student life

Residential life

File:Sbisa and the WaterTower.jpg
Sbisa Dining Hall and south water tower sporting the greeting, "Welcome to Aggieland"

Housing on campus is split between two distinct sections, a north side consisting of student dorms and a south side consisting of both student and Corps dorms. During the 2006 fall semester, about 20.5% of the student body lived on-campus.[4] While some dormitories are single-sex, others are co-educational, with students of different genders living on alternating floors.[64] Dorm styles vary; while many dorms offer only indoor access to the individual rooms, in "balcony halls," like apartment buildings, the rooms are accessed from a balcony that runs on the outside of the building. Room sizes vary by building, and dorms with larger rooms including ensuite bathrooms, while dorms with smaller rooms have a common bathroom on each floor. Several of the dormitories include a "substance-free" floor, where residents pledge to avoid bringing alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes into the dorm.[65]

Northside dorms span the northern end of the Texas A&M campus and include the two university honors dorms.[66] Primary entertainment revolves around Northgate due to its close proximety. Most dining services for these dorms are provided by Sbisa Dining Hall and The Underground. Unofficial, individual dorms traditions abound on north side including indoor Slip 'n Slides and indoor camp fires.[67] In addition, each residence hall has unofficially claimed a table within Sbisa Dining Hall and many halls congregate for dinner at a specific time each weekday; shouting matches and "'Bisa Ball" (wadded up recycled napkins) fights are not uncommon.[68]

Southside contains dormitories for members of the Core of Cadets and other students. Non-corps dormitories in this area center around the Commons, a center for student activities and dining services.[69] Southside is home to the two Learning Living Communities, which allow freshmen to live in a cluster with other students who share their interests in leadership or engineering.[70][71]

Corps of Cadets' dorms are also located on the south side of campus in The Quadrangle, or "The Quad," an area comprised of the coeducational dormitories, Duncan Dining Hall, and the corps training fields.[72] The entrance to the Quadrangle is the Corps Arches, a series of 12 arches which "[symbolize] the undying spirit of the 12th Man of Texas A&M."[73] All cadets, except those who are married or who have had previous military service, are required to live on campus and are assigned roommates in the same graduating class. Reveille, the Aggie mascot, lives with her handlers in the Quadrangle.[74]

Activities

The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band in formation during halftime at Kyle Field

Texas A&M has more than 800 student organizations, including academic, service, religious, Greek, and common interest organizations. Students are encouraged to become involved in campus activities and organizations from the moment they attend New Student Conferences, Fish Camp, and Gig 'em Week, Aggieland's official welcome and orientation programs.[75] The term "The Other Education" is often used to describe the importance of student involvement in extracurricular activities on and off campus.[76] An April 2005 campus survey found that 74% of the students were currently involved with at least one organization, and that 88% participated in a campus organization in the past.[75]

Texas A&M is home to the United States' largest uniformed student body outside the service academies with 2,318 cadets, as of fall 2006,[77] serving in the Corps of Cadets. Prior to 1965, participation in the Corps of Cadets was mandatory for all Texas A&M students, and admission was limited to men only. Military service has never been required, though many members participate in ROTC programs and are commissioned in the United States Armed Forces upon graduation.[78]

Student Rec Center

Intramural sports are offered through the Student Rec Center, a 373,000 square feet (34,650 m2), three-story facility. Intramural sports competitions are held throughout the year, and include flag football, volleyball, soccer, and other sports. The recreation center features multiple floors of equipment and courts, as well as an indoor running track, rock-climbing tower, and a natatorium containing one of the top competitive pools in the country.[79][80]

Along with 500 other colleges and universities, A&M has been listed in the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll for the 2005-06 academic year by the Corporation for National and Community Service.[81][82] Students of Texas A&M University come together annually to assist the local residents in The Big Event. It is the largest, one-day, student-run service project in the nation where.[83] In addition, CARPOOL, a student-run, safe ride program, has provided over 100,000 free rides, as of January 2007, to A&M students who are intoxicated and unable to transport themselves home. Its organizers have begun assisting other universities in establishing similar programs.[84]

Ranked as the 17th best college newspaper in the nation by Princeton Review in 2007, The Battalionhas been the daily student newspaper since 1893.[85] The Aggieland, the yearbook formerly known as The Olio and The Longhorn, is distributed in the fall semester, but documents student activities year-round. It is one of the nation's largest college yearbooks in terms of number of pages and number of copies sold.[86]

The university is also home to a television station and two radio stations: KAMU-TV , a PBS member station in operation since 1970, KAMU-FM an NPR affiliate in service since 1977, [87], and the student-run KANM, "the college station of College Station", that plays music of all genres around the clock.[88]

Student Government Association

Main article: Student Government Association at Texas A&M University

Now comprising one of the campus's largest organizations, the Student Government Association consists of 1,200 student members comprising 3 branches of government, 14 committees, and 4 commissions. Within the SGA, little has changed since 1972, except its relative position within the official framework of the university.[89]

Athletics

Aggie Athletics logo
Main article: Texas A&M Aggies

A charter member of the Southwest Conference until its dissolution in 1996, Texas A&M now competes in the Big 12 Conference (South Division) of the NCAA's Division I-A.[90] The sports teams are known as the Aggies, and the school's colors are maroon and white. As of 2006, Texas A&M University has earned 92 Southwest Conference and Big 12 regular-season and tournament titles and 12 national championships.[91] Due to the quality of its sports programs, the university was selected as the 46th "America's Best Sports College" in a 2002 analysis performed by Sports Illustrated.[92]

Texas A&M's primary rival is the University of Texas.[93][94] In 2004, sporting events between the Aggies and Longhorns became known as the Lone Star Showdown.[95] The most-watched event in the rivalry is the annual football game held the day after Thanksgiving.[96][97]

2006 Lone Star Showdown football game
Basketball game at Reed Arena

Football

Main article: Texas A&M Aggies football

Since its debut in 1894, the football team has won 18 Southwest Conference championships, a Big 12 championship, two Big 12 South Division championships, and one national championship.[98] The team has appeared in a total of 29 bowl games, winning 13.[99] Since 1904, home football games have been played at Kyle Field, which now has a capacity of 82,600.[100] Kyle Field was recently ranked as the fourth best college football stadium by Sporting News.[101] The football team is currently coached by Dennis Franchione. "Coach Fran" has a career record of 25-22 at Texas A&M, finishing 9-4 in 2006.[102][103]

Basketball

Main article: Texas A&M Aggies basketball

Since its debut in 1912, the men's basketball team has won 11 Southwest Conference championships, and two Southwest Conference Tournament championships. The team has appeared in the National Invitation Tournament six times, and in the NCAA Tournament eight times. Three of those eight NCAA tournament appearances include Sweet Sixteen appearances, the highest the Aggies have advanced in the national tournament.[104]

On April 9, 2007, Mark Turgeon accepted the men's basketball head coach position vacated by Billy Gillispie.[105] The women's team has been coached by Gary Blair since 2003.[106] Both the men's and women's team reached NCAA postseason appearances in 2006, a first for Texas A&M since Big 12 play began in 1996.[107][108]

Home games are played at Reed Arena, a 12,500-seat facility that opened in the fall of 1998.[109] Before Reed Arena opened, basketball games were played at G. Rollie White Coliseum, which now hosts the volleyball team.[110]

Traditions

2005 Aggie Student Bonfire
Main article: Traditions of Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University has many traditions, some dating to the opening of the Agriculture and Mechanical College of Texas in 1876. Traditions have expanded and evolved over the years; some were dropped and others adapted to changes such as admission of females, non-compulsory participation in the Corps of Cadets, and a preceding massive expansion of the student population. These traditions can be serious, such as Silver Taps or Aggie Muster, respecting those Aggies who have pasted away, and allowing fellow Aggies to reunite with classmates; or zany, such as the "silver crapper" ceremony performed for any dear John letters.[111][112][113] Though most public events are university-sponsored and sanctioned, like the 12th Man, Midnight Yell Practice, The Big Event, and Final Review, others are strictly student-run, non-University sanctioned events, such as Student Bonfire, begun after the Bonfire collapse in 1999.[114][115]

The 2002 television movie The Junction Boys gives an account of Coach Bear Bryant's first summer as football coach at Texas A&M,[116] while the 1943 war film We've Never Been Licked features Aggies fighting in World War II. Several parts of the movie were shot at the Texas A&M campus.[117]

The Corps of Cadets Fish Drill Team has appeared in several Hollywood productions with prominent roles in the movies A Few Good Men and Courage Under Fire.[118]


Notable people

Main article: List of Texas A&M University people

With over 320,000 former students[6] Texas A&M has one of the largest and most active alumni groups in the nation. The school has seen many of its students and faculty attain local, national, and international prominence.[10] Jorge Quiroga and Martin Torrijos have served as heads of state for Bolivia and Panama, respectively.[119] Seven former students have earned the Medal of Honor, matching Virginia Tech for the most honorees of any school outside the service academies at West Point and Annapolis.[120]

The Oceanography and Meteorology Building behind the Williams Administration Building at sunset

See also

References

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  2. ^ "2006 NACUBO Endowment Study" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers.
  3. ^ "Texas A&M University Facts" (HTML). Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-01-03.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Texas A&M University Fall 2006 Enrollment" (PDF). Texas A&M University. pp. 7–8. Retrieved 2007-02-25. Cite error: The named reference "TAMU_Office_of_Institutional_Studies_and_Planning" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d e "Texas A&M University Facts" (HTML). Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  6. ^ a b "Texas A&M University - Academic Facts". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
  7. ^ "Contact Us" (HTML). Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
  8. ^ Cunningham, William (2000-06-01). "Logical to make UH our next flagship university". University of Houston. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Texas A&M University". The Handbook of Texas. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
  10. ^ a b "World Impact". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-04-30. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Cite error: The named reference "TAMU_Facts_World_Impact" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Texas A&M University - Academic Facts". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
  12. ^ "Aggie Traditions". Texas A&M. Retrieved 2006-09-29.
  13. ^ a b "General Information:History and Development, General Catalog 2003-2004". Texas A&M University Admissions. 2003-01-01. p. 1. Retrieved 2007-05-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  14. ^ "Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets: Forging Leaders of Character". Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  15. ^ Adams Jr., John A. Keepers of the Spirit. Texas A&M Universty Press. pp. 16, table 1-1. ISBN 1-58544-127-9.
  16. ^ Ferrell, Christopher (2001). "Ross Elevated College from "Reform School"". The Bryan-College Station Eagle. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
  17. ^ Adams Jr., John A. (2001). Keepers of the Spirit. Texas A&M Universty Press. pp. 40–44. ISBN 1-58544-127-9.
  18. ^ Liffick, Brandie (October 30, 2001). "Tradition spanning generations". The Battalion. Retrieved 2007-03-22. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ Adams Jr., John A. (2001). Keepers of the Spirit. Texas A&M Universty Press. pp. 160, 163. ISBN 1-58544-127-9.
  20. ^ "A&M System History". Texas A&M University System. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
  21. ^ Dethloff, Henry C. (1975). A Pictorial History of Texas A&M University, 1876-1976. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. p. 184.
  22. ^ a b Ferrell, Christopher (2001). "Rudder's influence is evident on campus". The Bryan-College Station Eagle. Retrieved 2007-03-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ "About Us" (HTML). Texas Sea Grant College Program. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  24. ^ "Colleges and Achievements" (HTML). Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  25. ^ "Bush Library". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
  26. ^ Cook, John Lee, Jr. "Bonfire Collapse" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved 2007-03-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "Texas A&M Selected For Membership In Association Of American Universities" (Press release). Texas A&M University. May 7, 2001. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
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