Timeline of Rotterdam

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Prior to 19th century

ca. 950 - Settlement at the lower end of the fen stream Rotte
1270 - Dam built on Rotte.
1299 - John I, Count of Holland granted rights to the people of Rotterdam, marking the origin of the town.^[1]
1328 - Latin school established
1340 - City rights granted by William IV, Count of Holland.^[2]
1350 - Rotterdamse Schie (canal) constructed (approximate date).
1466 - Erasmus, philosopher and Catholic theologian born.^[1]
1477 - Saint Lawrence Church consecrated.
1489 - Rotterdam besieged by forces of Frans van Brederode.^[1]
1563 - Fire.^[3]
1572 - Spanish in power.^[1]
1574 - Admiralty of Rotterdam organized.
1611 - Guild of Saint Luke active (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
1622 - Erasmus statue by Hendrick de Keyser erected.^[4]^[1]
1626 - Collegium Mechanicum established.^[5]
1632 - Population: 20,000 (approximate).^[1]
1643 - Scottish Presbyterian church built.^[6]
1722 - Exchange built.^[4]
1769 - Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy founded.
1773 - Studium Scientiarum Genetrix literary society formed.^[7]
1780 - Birth of Hendrik Tollens, poet.^[1]
1781 - Rotterdamse Academie established.
1796 - Population: 53,212.^[1]
1797 - Netherlands Missionary Society founded.
1798 - Organ installed in Saint Lawrence Church.^[2]

19th century

1813 - Johan François van Hogendorp van Heeswijk becomes mayor.
1835 - Town Hall rebuilt.^[2]
1838 - Population: 72,000.^[8]
1844 - Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant begins publication.^[9]
1847 - Delftsche Poort railway station opens.
1849 - Boymans Museum opens.^[10]
1851 - Royal Maas Yacht Club founded.
1857 - Zoo opens.^[1]
1859 - Rotterdamsch Leeskabinet (library) founded.
1863 - Rotterdam Bank established.
1866 - Population: 115,277.^[11]
1869 - Feijenoord becomes part of city.^[1]
1870 - Municipal waterworks established.^[1]
1872 - Nieuwe Waterweg constructed.
1873 - Netherlands-America Steamship Company in business.
1874
- Katendrecht village becomes part of city.
- Oldenzeel art gallery in business.^[12]
- Fountain installed at Nieuwe Markt.^[4]
- Maritime Museum founded.^[13]
1875
- Post office built.^[1]
- Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd [nl] shipping firm in business.
1876 - Rotterdamsche reinigingsdienst formed.
1877 - Railway Bridge,^[4] Rotterdam Zuid railway station, and Rotterdam Beurs railway station open.
1878 - Willemsbrug opens.^[4]
1879
- Horsecar trams begin operating.
- Passage (arcade) built.^[4]
1882 - Fish Market built.^[4]
1885 - Museum for Geography and Ethnology opens.^[14]
1886 - Delfshaven becomes part of city.^[1]
1891 - Population: 203,500.^[4]
1894 - Municipal gas and electricity established.^[1]
1895 - Charlois and Kralingen become part of city.^[1]
1898 - Witte Huis built.
1900 - "Record office" established.^[1]

20th century

1904
- Museum van Oudheden (city history museum) in operation in the Schielandshuis.
- Schiecentrale built.
1905
- Electric trams begin operating.
- Population: 379,017.^[1]
1908
- Rotterdam Hofplein railway station opens.
- Wilhelmina football club formed.
1913 - Netherlands School of Commerce founded.
1920 - Voorwaarts newspaper begins publication.^[9]
1925 - Economic Faculty Association established.
1927 - Natural History Museum established.
1930
- Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra active.
- Naamlooze Vennootschap Margarine Unie in business.^[15]^[16]
- Rotterdams Conservatorium founded.
1931
- Rotterdamse Dansschool founded.
- Van Nelle Factory built.
1934
- Hoogvliet and Pernis become part of city.
- De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) built.
1937
- Stadion Feijenoord and Rotterdam Stadion railway station open.
- Museum of Taxation founded.^[17]
1938
- Pieter Oud becomes mayor.
- Yevhen Konovalets is assassinated in Rotterdam by Pavel Sudoplatov.
1940
- May 14: Rotterdam Blitz.^[18]
- Diergaarde Blijdorp (zoo) re-opens.
1941 - Hillegersberg, IJsselmonde, Overschie, and Schiebroek become part of city.
1945 - Pieter Oud becomes mayor again.
1946
- Plan for the Reconstruction of Rotterdam [nl] adopted.
- Algemeen Dagblad begins publication.
1953
- Rotterdam Blaak railway station and Rotterdam Noord railway station open.
- Groothandelsgebouw built.
1956 - Airport opens.
1957 - Rotterdam Centraal railway station opens.
1958 - Arboretum Trompenburg opens.
1960
- Euromast tower built.
- City hosts Floriade horticulture exhibition.
1962 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest port by cargo tonnage.^{[citation needed]}
1964
- Rotterdam Lombardijen railway station opens.
- Hilton Hotel built.
1965 - Regional Rinjmond Public Authority created.^[19]
1966 - De Doelen (concert hall and convention centre) rebuilt.
1968 - Rotterdam Metro begins operating.
1969 - Rotterdam Alexander railway station opens.
1970
- Poetry International first performance.
- NRC Handelsblad begins publication, after the merger between Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant and Algemeen Handelsblad
- Nedlloyd shipping firm in business.
- Kralingen Music Festival held.
1972 International Film Festival Rotterdam first started.
1973
- Charlois, Hoogvliet, and Hoek van Holland sub-municipalities created.^[20]
- Maasvlakte in operation.
1974 - André van der Louw becomes mayor.
1975
- Prins Alexander sub-municipality created.^[20]
- Werkcentrum Dans founded.
1976
- IJsselmonde and Centrum Noord sub-municipalities created.^[20]
- Stoom Stichting Nederland railway museum founded.
1977 - Sviib (student association) organized.
1979 - HNLMS Buffel museum ship opens.
1981
- Rotterdam Marathon begins.
- Baroeg (music venue) in business.
1982 - Bram Peper becomes mayor.
1984
- Zomercarnaval begins.
- Cube houses built near Oude Haven.
1986 - Port of Rotterdam ranked world's busiest container port.^{[citation needed]}
1988 - Hogeschool Rotterdam established.
1990 - Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art^[21] and Shipping and Transport College established.^[22]
1991 - Gebouw Delftse Poort built.
1992 - Kunsthal art museum opens.
1993
- Netherlands Architecture Institute relocates to Rotterdam.
- Chabot Museum opens.^[23]
1994 - V2 Institute for the Unstable Media active.
1996
- Erasmus Bridge opens.
- Schouwburgplein (square) redesigned.
1997 - MAMA project established by Public Art Squad Foundation.^[24]
1999
- Ivo Opstelten becomes mayor.
- WORM (Rotterdam) active.^[25]
2000
- Architecture Film Festival Rotterdam begins.^{[citation needed]}
- Codarts University for the Arts opens.
- KPN Tower built.

21st century

2001
- World Port Center built.
- Oceanium (aquarium) opens.
- City designated a European Capital of Culture.
2002 - Regio Randstad regional governance group formed.^[26]
2003 - Netherlands Photo Museum opens.
2005 - Montevideo (residential skyscraper) built.
2006
- North Sea Jazz Festival begins in Rotterdam.
- Rotterdam Circus Arts founded.^{[citation needed]}
2007 - RandstadRail and Betuweroute in operation.
2009
- Ahmed Aboutaleb becomes first Muslim mayor of a major European city.
- Maastoren skyscraper built.
2010
- Rozenburg becomes part of city.
- Pernis sub-municipality created.
- New Orleans (residential skyscraper) built.
- 2010 Tour de France cycling race starts from Rotterdam.
2012 - Population: 616,250.
2013 Maasvlakte 2 in operation.
2014
- Market Hall built.
- Rotterdam Centraal station in operation.
2020 - Population: 651,376
2021
- Depot Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen.^[27]
- De Zalmhaven built.
- Floating Office Rotterdam (FOR)^[28] built, accommodating the Global Center on Adaptation.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). "Rotterdam" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 766.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 397759
^ Hammond's Comprehensive Atlas of the World, New York: Hammond & Co., 1913, OCLC 77937509, OL 23470505M
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1891, OCLC 5624932, OL 23280595M
^ Arjan Van Dixhoorn; Susie Speakman Sutch, eds. (2008). The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16955-5.
^ C.B. Black (1908). "Rotterdam". Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.). London: Adam and Charles Black.
^ Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
^ "Rotterdam", A hand-book for travellers on the continent (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1838, OCLC 2030550
^ ^a ^b Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
^ Beschrijving der schilderijen enz. in het Museum te Rotterdam, gesticht door Mr. F. J. O. Boymans. 1859.
^ "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.
^ Martha Op de Coul (2002). "In search of Van Gogh's Nuenen studio: the Oldenzeel exhibitions of 1903". Van Gogh Museum Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "Maritiem Museum Rotterdam". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "History". Wereldmuseum Rotterdam. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ Unilever Nederland. "Onze geschiedenis" (in Dutch). Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "History of Unilever". Unilever. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ Charles Adams (1999), For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of History (2nd ed.), Madison Books, ISBN 1568331231, OL 387134M, 1568331231
^ David T. Zabecki (2015). "Chronology of World War II in Europe". World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-81242-3.
^ Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Robert L. Morlan (1982). "Sub-Municipal Governance in Practice: The Rotterdam Experience". Western Political Quarterly. 35 (3): 425–441. doi:10.2307/447555. JSTOR 447555.
^ "Witte de With Contemporary Art". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "History". STC-Group. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "Chabot Museum". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "Showroom MAMA". Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ "WORM Rotterdam". Myspace. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
^ Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.
^ https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/10/depot-boijmans-van-beuningen Depot Museum Boymans Van Beuningen
^ https://www.powerhouse-company.com/for-office Floating Office Rotterdam

Bibliography

In English

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Rotterdam", The Grand Tour, vol. 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
"Rotterdam". Gazetteer of the Netherlands. Attributed to Clement Cruttwell. London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson. 1794.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
"Rotterdam". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
"Rotterdam" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 766.
Frans Dieleman & Robert C. Kloosterman (2000). "Room to manoeuvre: governance, the post-industrial economy, and housing provision in Rotterdam". In Mario Polèse & Richard E. Stren (eds.). The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8320-3.
Anton Kreukels; et al., eds. (2005). "Rotterdam". Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
Stefan Couperus (2016). "Building Democracy Anew: Neighborhood Planning and Political Reform in Post-Blitz Rotterdam". Journal of Urban History. 42.

In Dutch

Abraham Jacob van der Aa (1847). "Rotterdam". Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden [Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Vol. 9. Gorinchem: Jacobus Noorduyn. hdl:2027/mdp.39015039364024 – via HathiTrust.
Rotterdam in den loop der eeuwen [Rotterdam in the course of ages] (in Dutch). Rotterdam: W. Nevens. 1906.
Henri Zondervan, ed. (1921), "Rotterdam", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), vol. 14 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068347924

External links

Media related to History of Rotterdam at Wikimedia Commons
"All buildings in the Netherlands, shaded according to year of construction". Amsterdam: Waag Society. (map that includes Rotterdam)
Europeana. Items related to Rotterdam, various dates.
Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Rotterdam, various dates

[brit1910-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). "Rotterdam" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 766.

[baedeker1910-2] "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 397759

[hammond-3] Hammond's Comprehensive Atlas of the World, New York: Hammond & Co., 1913, OCLC 77937509, OL 23470505M

[baedeker1891-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Rotterdam", Belgium and Holland (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1891, OCLC 5624932, OL 23280595M

[Dixhoorn2008-5] Arjan Van Dixhoorn; Susie Speakman Sutch, eds. (2008). The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16955-5.

[black1908-6] C.B. Black (1908). "Rotterdam". Holland: its Rail, Tram, and Waterways (3rd ed.). London: Adam and Charles Black.

[parrott-7] Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.

[murray1838-8] "Rotterdam", A hand-book for travellers on the continent (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1838, OCLC 2030550

[Plasse2005-9] Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)

[10] Beschrijving der schilderijen enz. in het Museum te Rotterdam, gesticht door Mr. F. J. O. Boymans. 1859.

[11] "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590337.

[12] Martha Op de Coul (2002). "In search of Van Gogh's Nuenen studio: the Oldenzeel exhibitions of 1903". Van Gogh Museum Journal. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[13] "Maritiem Museum Rotterdam". Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[14] "History". Wereldmuseum Rotterdam. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[15] Unilever Nederland. "Onze geschiedenis" (in Dutch). Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[16] "History of Unilever". Unilever. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[17] Charles Adams (1999), For Good and Evil: The Impact of Taxes on the Course of History (2nd ed.), Madison Books, ISBN 1568331231, OL 387134M, 1568331231

[Zabecki2015-18] David T. Zabecki (2015). "Chronology of World War II in Europe". World War II in Europe: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-81242-3.

[19] Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7.

[morlan1982-20] Robert L. Morlan (1982). "Sub-Municipal Governance in Practice: The Rotterdam Experience". Western Political Quarterly. 35 (3): 425–441. doi:10.2307/447555. JSTOR 447555.

[21] "Witte de With Contemporary Art". Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[22] "History". STC-Group. Archived from the original on December 1, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[23] "Chabot Museum". Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[24] "Showroom MAMA". Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[25] "WORM Rotterdam". Myspace. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.

[oecd2007-26] Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.

[27] ttps://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/10/depot-boijmans-van-beuningen Depot Museum Boymans Van Beuningen

[28] ttps://www.powerhouse-company.com/for-office Floating Office Rotterdam

[1]

v t e Years in the Netherlands (1815–present)
Pre-1815 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Prior to 19th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links