Herbert E. Ives: Difference between revisions
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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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Ives studied at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and the [[Johns Hopkins University]], where he graduated in 1908. He wrote a 1920 book on [[aerial photography]], while an Army reserve officer, in the aviation section.<ref>Herbert E. Ives, ''Airplane Photography'', Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1920.</ref> Ives was also an avid coin collector, and was President of the American Numismatic Society. He was president of the [[Optical Society of America]] from 1924 to 1925 and was awarded the [http://www.osa.org/aboutosa/awards/osaawards/awardsdesc/ivesquinn/ Frederic Ives Medal] in 1937.< |
Ives studied at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] and the [[Johns Hopkins University]], where he graduated in 1908. He wrote a 1920 book on [[aerial photography]], while an Army reserve officer, in the aviation section.<ref>Herbert E. Ives, ''Airplane Photography'', Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1920.</ref> Ives was also an avid coin collector, and was President of the American Numismatic Society. He was president of the [[Optical Society of America]] from 1924 to 1925 and was awarded the [http://www.osa.org/aboutosa/awards/osaawards/awardsdesc/ivesquinn/ Frederic Ives Medal] in 1937.<ref> |
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{{cite news | author = |
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| ⚫ | Like his father [[Frederic Eugene Ives]], Herbert was an expert on color photography. In 1924, he transmitted and reconstructed the first color facsimile, using color |
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| title = Past Presidents of the Optical Society of America |
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| publisher = Optical Society of America | date = |
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| url = http://www.osa.org/aboutosa/leadership/pastpresidents/default.aspx }}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Like his father [[Frederic Eugene Ives]], Herbert was an expert on color photography. In 1924, he transmitted and reconstructed the first color facsimile, using color . In 1927, he demonstrated 185-line long-distance television, transmitting the live [[video]] of then-Secretary of Commerce [[Herbert Hoover]] [[AT&T]]'s experimental station 3XN in [[Whippany, New Jersey]] |
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| ⚫ | By 1930, his [[videophone| |
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| ⚫ | By 1930, his [[videophone|two-way television-telephone system (called an ''ikonophone'' —Greek:'' 'image-sound' '') was in regular experimental use,<ref name="Carson">D.N. Carson. "The Evolution of Picturephone Service", Bell Laboratories Record, Bell Labs, October 1968, pp.282-291.</ref><ref name="NYT19270408a">[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20A17F73F5F147A93CAA9178FD85F438285F9 Washington Hails The Test: Operator There Puts Through the Calls as Scientists Watch], The New York Time, April 8, 1927, pg.20 (subscription)</ref> with [[Bell Labs]] New York devoting years of research the 1930s, led by Ives with his team of more than 200 scientists, engineers and technicians to develop for both telecommunications and broadcast entertainment purposes.<ref>[http://www.bairdtelevision.com/Ives.html Herbert E. Ives], BairdTelevision.com website. Retrieved 22 October 2010.</ref> |
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Ives is best known for conducting the [[Ives–Stilwell experiment]],<ref>H.E.Ives, G.R.Stilwell, An experimental study of the rate of a moving atomic clock, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 28, 7, 215-226 (1938).</ref> which provided direct confirmation of special relativity's [[time dilation]]. However, Ives himself regarded his experiment as a proof of the existence of the [[Luminiferous aether|ether]] and hence, as he erroneously suggested, a disproof of the [[theory of relativity]]. He was discouraged by the reaction of the scientific community that had interpreted his experiment in the way opposite to his expectations. |
Ives is best known for conducting the [[Ives–Stilwell experiment]],<ref>H.E.Ives, G.R.Stilwell, An experimental study of the rate of a moving atomic clock, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 28, 7, 215-226 (1938).</ref> which provided direct confirmation of special relativity's [[time dilation]]. However, Ives himself regarded his experiment as a proof of the existence of the [[Luminiferous aether|ether]] and hence, as he erroneously suggested, a disproof of the [[theory of relativity]]. He was discouraged by the reaction of the scientific community that had interpreted his experiment in the way opposite to his expectations. |
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:''"Ives' work in the basic optical field presents a rather curious anomaly, for although he considered that it disproved the special theory of relativity, the fact is that his experimental work offers one of the most valuable supports for this theory, and his numerous theoretical investigations are quite consistent with it… his deductions were in fact valid, but his conclusions were only superficially in contradiction with the relativity theory—their intricacy and formidable appearance were due entirely to Ives' insistence on maintaining an [[aether theory|aether]] framework and mode of expression. I... was never able to convince him that since what he had was in fact indistinguishable in its predictions from the relativity theory within the domain of physics, it was in fact the same theory... some who have not penetrated to the essence of Ives' theoretical work have seized upon it as overthrowing the special theory of relativity, and have used it as an argument for a return to outmoded and invalid ways of thought."'' |
:''"Ives' work in the basic optical field presents a rather curious anomaly, for although he considered that it disproved the special theory of relativity, the fact is that his experimental work offers one of the most valuable supports for this theory, and his numerous theoretical investigations are quite consistent with it… his deductions were in fact valid, but his conclusions were only superficially in contradiction with the relativity theory—their intricacy and formidable appearance were due entirely to Ives' insistence on maintaining an [[aether theory|aether]] framework and mode of expression. I... was never able to convince him that since what he had was in fact indistinguishable in its predictions from the relativity theory within the domain of physics, it was in fact the same theory... some who have not penetrated to the essence of Ives' theoretical work have seized upon it as overthrowing the special theory of relativity, and have used it as an argument for a return to outmoded and invalid ways of thought."'' |
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U. S. President [[Harry Truman]] awarded Ives |
U. S. President [[Harry Truman]] awarded Ives Medal for Merit in 1948 for his war-time work on blackout lighting and optical communication systems.<ref name=papers>Dean Turner and Richard Hazelett, eds., ''[http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1932717056&id=-r5IGSTJVPcC&pg=PR5&lpg=PR3&dq=herbert-e-ives&sig=5o9gCIEWGHXvu2dUlX01g2DEkZ0 The Einstein Myth and the Ives Papers: A Counter-Revolution in Physics]'', Pasadena: Hope Publishing (1979).</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 22:29, 16 August 2011
Herbert Eugene Ives | |
|---|---|
 Ives circa 1913 | |
| Born | July 21, 1882 |
| Died | November 13, 1953 |
| Education | University of Pennsylvania |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Engineering career | |
| Projects | facsimile videotelephony television |
| Awards | Edward Longstreth Medal (1907) Edward Longstreth Medal (1915) Edward Longstreth Medal (1919) |
Herbert Eugene Ives (July 21, 1882, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – November 13, 1953) was a scientist and engineer who headed the development of facsimile and television systems at AT&T in the first half of the twentieth century. He was also an outspoken critic of the special theory of relativity, and attempted to falsify the theory by means of logical arguments and experiments. He is best known for the Ives–Stilwell experiment, which provided direct confirmation of special relativity's time dilation factor, although Ives himself interpreted the result as a refutation of special relativity.
Biography
Ives studied at the University of Pennsylvania and the Johns Hopkins University, where he graduated in 1908. He wrote a 1920 book on aerial photography, while an Army reserve officer, in the aviation section.[1] Ives was also an avid coin collector, and was President of the American Numismatic Society. He was president of the Optical Society of America from 1924 to 1925 and was awarded the Frederic Ives Medal in 1937.[2]
Like his father Frederic Eugene Ives, Herbert was an expert on color photography. In 1924, he transmitted and reconstructed the first color facsimile, using color separations. In 1927, he demonstrated 185-line long-distance television, transmitting the live video images of then-Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover via AT&T's experimental station 3XN in Whippany, New Jersey, allowing media reporters to both see and communicate with Hoover.
By 1930, his two-way television-telephone system (called an ikonophone —Greek: 'image-sound' ) was in regular experimental use,[3][4] with Bell Labs' large New York City research facility devoting years of research and development through the 1930s, led by Dr. Ives with with his team of more than 200 scientists, engineers and technicians. Bell Labs intended to develop videotelephony and television for both telecommunications and broadcast entertainment purposes.[5] Ongoing research into combined audio and video telephones was extended by Bell Labs far past Ives' tenure at a cost of over US$500 million, eventually resulting in the deployment of AT&T's futuristic Picturephone.[6]
Ives is best known for conducting the Ives–Stilwell experiment,[7] which provided direct confirmation of special relativity's time dilation. However, Ives himself regarded his experiment as a proof of the existence of the ether and hence, as he erroneously suggested, a disproof of the theory of relativity. He was discouraged by the reaction of the scientific community that had interpreted his experiment in the way opposite to his expectations.
He then published a set of articles,[8][9][10][11] in which he claimed to disprove special relativity by means of logical arguments. This paradoxical aspect of Ives's work was described by his friend, the noted physicist H. P. Robertson, who contributed the following summary of Ives's attitude toward special relativity in a biography of Ives:
- "Ives' work in the basic optical field presents a rather curious anomaly, for although he considered that it disproved the special theory of relativity, the fact is that his experimental work offers one of the most valuable supports for this theory, and his numerous theoretical investigations are quite consistent with it… his deductions were in fact valid, but his conclusions were only superficially in contradiction with the relativity theory—their intricacy and formidable appearance were due entirely to Ives' insistence on maintaining an aether framework and mode of expression. I... was never able to convince him that since what he had was in fact indistinguishable in its predictions from the relativity theory within the domain of physics, it was in fact the same theory... some who have not penetrated to the essence of Ives' theoretical work have seized upon it as overthrowing the special theory of relativity, and have used it as an argument for a return to outmoded and invalid ways of thought."
U. S. President Harry Truman awarded Ives the Medal for Merit in 1948 for his war-time work on blackout lighting and optical communication systems.[12]
See also
References
- ^ Herbert E. Ives, Airplane Photography, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1920.
- ^ "Past Presidents of the Optical Society of America". Optical Society of America.
- ^ D.N. Carson. "The Evolution of Picturephone Service", Bell Laboratories Record, Bell Labs, October 1968, pp.282-291.
- ^ Washington Hails The Test: Operator There Puts Through the Calls as Scientists Watch, The New York Time, April 8, 1927, pg.20 (subscription)
- ^ Herbert E. Ives, BairdTelevision.com website. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ^ Videophone Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved April 13, 2009 from Encyclopædia Britannica Online;
- ^ H.E.Ives, G.R.Stilwell, An experimental study of the rate of a moving atomic clock, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 28, 7, 215-226 (1938).
- ^ H.E.Ives, Historical note on the rate of moving atomic clock, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 37, 10, 810-813 (1947).
- ^ H.E.Ives, The measurement of the velocity of light by signals sent in one direction, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 38, 10, 879-884 (1948).
- ^ H.E.Ives, Lorentz-type transformations as derived from performable rod and clock operations, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 39, 9, 757-761 (1949).
- ^ H.E.Ives, Extrapolation from Michelson-Morley experiment, The Journal of Optical Society of America, 40, 4, 185-191 (1950).
- ^ Dean Turner and Richard Hazelett, eds., The Einstein Myth and the Ives Papers: A Counter-Revolution in Physics, Pasadena: Hope Publishing (1979).
External links
- AT&T history with photos
- More television history and photos
- Even more television history
- Partial bibliography
- Ives papers at the Smithsonian
- Quotes
- Articles Published by early OSA Presidents Journal of the Optical Society of America