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| adoption = no <ref>https://www.expertily.com/blog/transgender-adoption-in-india</ref> (Proposed)
| adoption = no <ref>https://www.expertily.com/blog/transgender-adoption-in-india</ref> (Proposed)
| military = No
| military = No
| discrimination_protections = Transgender people in Karnataka are in theory legally protected from discrimination. Law exists in Tamil Nadu and Kerela, not enforced <ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/25/making-transgender-rights-reality-india</ref>
| discrimination_protections = Transgender people in Karnataka are legally protected from discrimination. Law exists in Tamil Nadu and Kerela, not enforced <ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/25/making-transgender-rights-reality-india</ref>
}}
}}
{{LGBT rights}}
{{LGBT rights}}
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[[File:Bangalore Gay Pride Parade (15).jpg|right|thumb|[[Gay]] [[Pride parade|Pride March]] in [[Bangalore]] (2013)]]
[[File:Bangalore Gay Pride Parade (15).jpg|right|thumb|[[Gay]] [[Pride parade|Pride March]] in [[Bangalore]] (2013)]]


Same-sex marriages are not legally recognised in India nor are same-sex couples offered limited rights such as a civil union or a domestic partnership.
Same-sex marriages are not legally recognised in India nor are same-sex couples offered limited rights such as a civil union or a domestic partnership.
<blockquote>Their lawyer said the court had served notice on 14 of Veena's relatives and villagers who had threatened them with "dire consequences". Haryana has been the centre of widespread protests by villagers who believe their village councils or [[khap]]s should be allowed to impose their own punishments on those who disobey their rulings or break local traditions – mainly honour killings of those who marry within their own [[gotra]] or sub-caste, regarded in the state as akin to incest. Deputy Commissioner of Police Dr. Abhe Singh told ''The Daily Telegraph'': "The couple has been shifted to a safe house and we have provided adequate security to them on the court orders. The security is provided on the basis of threat perception and in this case the couple feared that their families might be against the relationship."<ref name="Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/8662082/Indias-first-married-lesbian-couple-given-24-hour-protection.html "India's first married lesbian couple given 24-hour protection"], The Telegraph</ref></blockquote>

The couple eventually won family approval.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Lesbian-couples-parents-accept-their-relationship/articleshow/9630216.cms|title=Lesbian couple's parents accept their relationship - The Times of India|last=|first=|date=17 August 2011|work=The Times Of India|access-date=|via=}}</ref>


In February 2017, the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] unveiled resource material relating to health issues to be used as a part of a nationwide adolescent peer-education plan called ''Saathiya''. Among other subjects, the material discusses homosexuality. The material states, "Yes, adolescents frequently fall in love. They can feel attraction for a friend or any individual of the same or opposite sex. It is normal to have special feelings for someone. It is important for adolescents to understand that such relationships are based on mutual consent, trust, transparency and respect. It is alright to talk about such feelings to the person for whom you have them but always in a respectful manner."<ref>{{cite web|title=Same-sex attraction is OK, boys can cry, girl’s no means no|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/same-sex-attraction-is-ok-boys-can-cry-girls-no-means-no-health-ministry-sex-education-4535410/|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=21 February 2017|language=en|date=21 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Homosexual attraction is OK; ‘NO’ means no: Health Ministry rises above Indian stereotypes|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/jobs/homosexual-attraction-is-ok-no-means-no-health-ministry-rises-above-indian-stereotypes/560227/|website=The Financial Express|accessdate=21 February 2017|date=21 February 2017}}</ref>
In February 2017, the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] unveiled resource material relating to health issues to be used as a part of a nationwide adolescent peer-education plan called ''Saathiya''. Among other subjects, the material discusses homosexuality. The material states, "Yes, adolescents frequently fall in love. They can feel attraction for a friend or any individual of the same or opposite sex. It is normal to have special feelings for someone. It is important for adolescents to understand that such relationships are based on mutual consent, trust, transparency and respect. It is alright to talk about such feelings to the person for whom you have them but always in a respectful manner."<ref>{{cite web|title=Same-sex attraction is OK, boys can cry, girl’s no means no|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/same-sex-attraction-is-ok-boys-can-cry-girls-no-means-no-health-ministry-sex-education-4535410/|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=21 February 2017|language=en|date=21 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Homosexual attraction is OK; ‘NO’ means no: Health Ministry rises above Indian stereotypes|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/jobs/homosexual-attraction-is-ok-no-means-no-health-ministry-rises-above-indian-stereotypes/560227/|website=The Financial Express|accessdate=21 February 2017|date=21 February 2017}}</ref>
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A draft of a new [[Uniform Civil Code]] has been proposed that legalizes marriage equality.
A draft of a new [[Uniform Civil Code]] has been proposed that legalizes marriage equality.
<blockquote>It defines marriage as “the legal union as prescribed under this Act of a man with a woman, a man with another man, a woman with another woman a transgender with another transgender or a transgender with a man or a woman"."All married couple and couples in partnership entitled to adopt a child. Sexual orientation of the married couple or the partners not to be a bar to their right to adoption. “Non-heterosexual couples will be equally entitled to adopt a child,” it says.<ref name="Catch News">{{Cite news|url=http://www.catchnews.com/amp/india-news/a-new-ucc-for-a-new-india-progressive-draft-ucc-allows-for-same-sex-marriages-85386.html|title=A new UCC for a new India? Progressive draft UCC allows for same sex marriages - Catchnews |newspaper=Catchnews|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref> </blockquote>
<blockquote>It defines marriage as “the legal union as prescribed under this Act of a man with a woman, a man with another man, a woman with another woman a transgender with another transgender or a transgender with a man or a woman"."All married couple and couples in partnership entitled to adopt a child. Sexual orientation of the married couple or the partners not to be a bar to their right to adoption. “Non-heterosexual couples will be equally entitled to adopt a child,” it says.<ref name="Catch News">{{Cite news|url=http://www.catchnews.com/amp/india-news/a-new-ucc-for-a-new-india-progressive-draft-ucc-allows-for-same-sex-marriages-85386.html|title=A new UCC for a new India? Progressive draft UCC allows for same sex marriages - Catchnews |newspaper=Catchnews|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref> </blockquote>



== Public opinion ==
== Public opinion ==

Revision as of 00:30, 28 November 2017

LGBTQ rights in India India
Area controlled by India shown in dark green;
claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
StatusIllegal under section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. Penalty: Up to life imprisonment[1][2][3] as well as torture, vigilante executions, beatings, and fines[4] [5] [6]
Gender identityLegal gender change allowed only in Tamil Nadu and Kerala on SRS.[citation needed] Right to change legal gender to Male/Female/Other without SRS proposed April 15, 2014 and under discussion[needs update]
MilitaryNo
Discrimination protectionsTransgender people in Karnataka are legally protected from discrimination. Law exists in Tamil Nadu and Kerela, not enforced [7]
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsNo recognition (Proposed)
Adoptionno [8] (Proposed)
Part of a series on
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Asia's first Genderqueer Pride Parade at Madurai with Anjali Gopalan (2012)[9]

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) people in India face legal and social difficulties not experienced by non-LGBTQI persons. Sexual activity between people of the same gender is illegal, and same-sex couples legally cannot marry or obtain a civil partnership. Hijra are in theory recognized in Karnataka.

Law regarding same-sex sexual activity

The Goa Inquisition once prosecuted the capital crime of sodomy in Portuguese India[10][11], but not lesbian acts[12].

The Mughal empire combined a number of the preexisting Delhi Sultanate laws into the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, mandating a common set of punishments for Zina (unlawful intercourse[13]), these could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim[14].

The British Raj criminalised sexual activities "against the order of nature", arguably including homosexual sexual activities, under Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which entered into force in 1861. This made it an offence for a person to voluntarily have "carnal intercourse against the order of nature." In 2009, the Delhi High Court decision in Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi found Section 377 and other legal prohibitions against private, adult, consensual, and non-commercial same-sex conduct to be in direct violation of fundamental rights provided by the Indian Constitution.

According to a ruling by the Indian Supreme Court, decisions of a high court on the constitutionality of a law apply throughout India, and not just to the territory of the state over which the high court in question has jurisdiction.[clarification needed][15] However, there have been incidents of harassment of homosexual groups.[16]

On 23 February 2012, the Ministry of Home Affairs expressed its opposition to the decriminalisation of homosexual activity, stating that in India, homosexuality is seen as being immoral.[17] The Central Government reversed its stand on 28 February 2012, asserting that there was no legal error in decriminalising homosexual activity. This resulted in two judges of the supreme court reprimanding the central government for frequently changing its stand on the issue. "Don't make a mockery of the system and don't waste the court's time," an apex court judge told the government.[18]

On 11 December 2013, the supreme court set aside the 2009 Delhi High Court order decriminalising consensual homosexual activity within its jurisdiction.[19][20][21] The bench of justices G.S. Singhvi and S.J. Mukhopadhaya however noted that parliament should debate and decide on the matter.[22] The full decision can be found here.

On January 28, 2014, the Supreme Court of India dismissed the review petition filed by the central government, NGO Naz Foundation and several others, against its December 11 verdict on Section 377 of IPC.[23] In explaining the ruling, the bench said: "While reading down Section 377, the High Court overlooked that a minuscule fraction of the country’s population constitutes lesbians, gays, bisexuals or transgender people, and in the more than 150 years past, less than 200 persons have been prosecuted for committing offence under Section 377, and this cannot be made a sound basis for declaring that Section ultra vires Articles 14, 15 and 21."[24]

On December 18, 2015, Shashi Tharoor, a member of the Indian National Congress party, introduced the bill for the decriminalisation of Section 377, but the bill was rejected by the house by a vote of 71-24. However, Shashi Tharoor is planning to re-introduce the bill.[25]

Human Rights Watch [26]expressed worries that this would render homosexual couples vulnerable to police harassment, saying: "The Supreme Court's ruling is a disappointing setback to human dignity, and the basic rights to privacy and non-discrimination"[27] The Naz Foundation (India) Trust stated that it would file a petition for review of the court's decision.[28]

On February 2, 2016, the supreme court decided to review criminalisation of homosexual activity.[29] The hearing date for the curative petition related to Section 377 which is to be taken up by the constitutional bench is not known. In 2016, Kerala mooted free sex-reassignment surgeries in government hospitals after it introduced the first state government policy on transgender people.[30][31]

Recognition of same-sex relationships

Main article: Recognition of same-sex unions in India
Gay Pride March in Bangalore (2013)

Same-sex marriages are not legally recognised in India nor are same-sex couples offered limited rights such as a civil union or a domestic partnership. In 2011, the court granted legal recognition to a single same-sex marriage, involving two women.[32] After marrying, the couple began to receive threats from friends and relatives in their village.

Their lawyer said the court had served notice on 14 of Veena's relatives and villagers who had threatened them with "dire consequences". Haryana has been the centre of widespread protests by villagers who believe their village councils or khaps should be allowed to impose their own punishments on those who disobey their rulings or break local traditions – mainly honour killings of those who marry within their own gotra or sub-caste, regarded in the state as akin to incest. Deputy Commissioner of Police Dr. Abhe Singh told The Daily Telegraph: "The couple has been shifted to a safe house and we have provided adequate security to them on the court orders. The security is provided on the basis of threat perception and in this case the couple feared that their families might be against the relationship."[33]

The couple eventually won family approval.[34]

In February 2017, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare unveiled resource material relating to health issues to be used as a part of a nationwide adolescent peer-education plan called Saathiya. Among other subjects, the material discusses homosexuality. The material states, "Yes, adolescents frequently fall in love. They can feel attraction for a friend or any individual of the same or opposite sex. It is normal to have special feelings for someone. It is important for adolescents to understand that such relationships are based on mutual consent, trust, transparency and respect. It is alright to talk about such feelings to the person for whom you have them but always in a respectful manner."[35][36]

A draft of a new Uniform Civil Code has been proposed that legalizes marriage equality.

It defines marriage as “the legal union as prescribed under this Act of a man with a woman, a man with another man, a woman with another woman a transgender with another transgender or a transgender with a man or a woman"."All married couple and couples in partnership entitled to adopt a child. Sexual orientation of the married couple or the partners not to be a bar to their right to adoption. “Non-heterosexual couples will be equally entitled to adopt a child,” it says.[37]


Public opinion

Should same-sex marriage be legal? (2016)[38]

  Yes (35%)
  Against (35%)
  Don't know (30%)

Public opinion regarding LGBT right is complex. According to a 2016 poll by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, 35% of Indian people were in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage, with 35% were opposed to the legalization.[38]. A survey by the Varkey Foundation found that support for marriage equality was higher among 18-21 year olds at 53%. [39].

Transgender rights

See also: Transgender rights in Tamil Nadu and LGBT rights in Kerala § Transgender rights

The states Tamil Nadu and later Kerala in India were the first states to introduce a transgender (hijra/ aravani) welfare policy. According to the transgender welfare policy, transgender people can access free sex reassignment surgery (SRS) in the government hospital (only for male-to-female); free housing program; various citizenship documents; admission in government colleges with full scholarship for higher studies; alternative sources of livelihood through formation of self-help groups (for savings) and initiating income-generation programmes (IGP). Tamil Nadu was also the first state to form a transgender welfare board with representatives from the transgender community. In 2016, Kerala started implementing free SRS through government hospitals.[31]

In India, one group of transgender people are called Hijras. They were legally granted voting rights as a third sex in 1994.[40] Due to alleged legal ambiguity of the procedure, Indian transgender individuals do not have access to safe medical facilities for SRS.[41] On 15 April 2014, the Supreme Court of India declared transgender people as a socially and economically backward class entitled to reservations in education and jobs, and also directed union and state governments to frame welfare schemes for them.[42]

On 24 April 2015, the Rajya Sabha passed the Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014 guaranteeing rights and entitlements, reservations in education and jobs (2% reservation in government jobs), legal aid, pensions, unemployment allowances and skill development for transgender people. It also contains provisions to prohibit discrimination in employment as well as prevent abuse, violence and exploitation of transgender people. The bill also provides for the establishment of welfare boards at the centre and state level as well as for transgender rights courts. The bill was introduced by DMK MP Tiruchi Siva, and marked the first time the house had passed a private member's bill in 45 years. The bill was passed unanimously by the house. However, the bill contains several anomalies and a lack of clarity on how various ministries will co-ordinate to implement its provisions.[43] Social Justice and Empowerment Minister Thaawar Chand Gehlot stated on 11 June 2015 that the government would introduce a comprehensive bill for transgender rights in the Monsoon session of parliament. The bill will be based on the study on transgender issues conducted by a committee appointed on 27 January 2014. According to Gehlot, the government intends to provide transgender people with all rights and entitlements currently enjoyed by scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.[44]

In April 2017, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation instructed states to allow transgender people to use the public toilet of their choice.[45] The Human Rights Coalition reports that anti-discrimination laws for transgenders in Tamil Nadu and Kerela are not enforced [46]

LGBTQI people in Indian politics

The All India Hijra Kalyan Sabha fought for over a decade to get voting rights, which they finally got in 1994. In 1996, Kali stood for elections in Patna under the then Judicial Reform Party and gave the Janata Dal and the BJP a bit of a fight. Munni ran for the elections as well from South Bombay that year. They both lost, and for more than 13 years, Hijras are participating in the politics in India.[47]

After the defeat of Kali and Munni, three years later, Kamla Jaan ran and won the position of the mayor of Katni in MP.  Then there was Shabnam Mausi, who was elected to the legislative assembly in 2002 as well. In the huge political machinery, Heera won a seat at the city council of Jabalpur, Meera won a similar position in Sehora, and Gulshan in Bina. In December 2000, Asha Devi became the mayor of Gorakhpur, and Kallu Kinnar was elected to the city council in Varanasi.

Shabnam Mausi is the first transgender Indian or hijra to be elected to public office. She was an elected member of the Madhya Pradesh State Legislative Assembly from 1998 to 2003. In 2000, Shabnam Mausi became India's first eunuch MP. (Hijras were granted voting rights in 1994 in India.) In 2003, hijras in Madhya Pradesh have announced establishing their own political party called "Jeeti Jitayi Politics" (JJP), which literally means 'politics that has already been won'. The party also has released an eight-page election manifesto which it claims outlines why it is different from mainstream political parties. Hira bai became the first TG MLA of India from Jabalpur vidhanshaba seat.[48]

Kalki Subramaniam is a transgender rights activist, writer and an actor. In the 2011 assembly elections, Kalki tried in vain to get a DMK ticket.[49] Again on March 2014, Kalki announced in Puducherry that she would contest a seat in this election from Villupuram constituency in neighbouring Tamil Nadu. She is likely to be among the very few contestants fighting in the national elections from the transgender community.[50]

On 4 January 2015, independent candidate Madhu Bai Kinnar was elected as the mayor of Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, becoming India's first openly transgender mayor.[51][52][53][54]

Manabi Bandopadhyay became India's first transgender college principal on 9 June 2015 when she assumed the role of principal of the Krishnagar Women's College in Nadia district, West Bengal.[55][56]

On 5 November 2015, K. Prithika Yashini became the first transgender police officer in the state of Tamil Nadu. At the time, the Tamil Nadu police had three transgender constables, but Yashini became the first trans person to hold the rank of officer in the state.[57]

Gopi Shankar Madurai was one of the youngest[58] candidates, and the first openly intersex and genderqueer candidate to contest an election in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, 2016.[59][60][61][62].

On 12 February 2017, two transgender people were appointed by the Kolhapur District Legal Services Authority (KDLSA) as panel members for the Lok Adalat (People’s Court). 30 panels were appointed to settle general local disputes that arise within the community. The Lok Adalat is mandated by the supreme court in order to provide an alternative way to resolve disputes and bring down the pending case load of lower courts. Members of the KDLSA state: “Our main achievement was inclusion of transgenders as panelist in Lok Adalat. As per the Supreme Court's judgment, transgenders must be recognised as the third gender in our country. As per the norm, we have put in efforts and included two transgenders Mayuri Alawekar and Yuvraj Alavankar as panel members.” [63]

Gender issue in TNPSC and UPSC

Transgender S. Swapna and gender activist Gopi Shankar Madurai from Srishti Madurai[64][65] staged the protest in Madurai collectorate on 7 October 2013 demanding reservation and to permit alternate genders to appear for examinations conducted by TNPSC, UPSC, SSC and Bank Exams. Swapna, incidentally, had successfully moved the Madras High Court in 2013 seeking permission to write the TNPSC Group II exam as a ‘woman’ candidate. Swapna is the first trans person to clear TNPSC Group IV exams.[66]

Intersex rights

Main article: Intersex rights in India

There is no specific legislation protecting the rights of intersex people in India. In a reply to a letter from an intersex rights activist Gopi Shankar Madurai, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India replied that “Any kind of invasive medical procedure including sex reassignment surgeries are done only after thorough assessment of the patient, obtaining justification for the procedure planned to be conducted with the help of appropriate diagnostic test and only after taking a written consent of the patient/guardian”.[67]

Third-gender literature and studies

"Vaadamalli" by novelist Su.Samuthiram is the first Tamil novel about Aravaani community in Tamil Nadu published in the year 1994. Later transgender activist A. Revathi is the first hijra to write about transgender issues and gender politics in Tamil. Her works have been translated in more than eight languages and act as a primary resource on gender studies in Asia. Her book is part of research project for more than 100 universities. She is the author of Unarvum Uruvamum (Feelings of the Entire Body), the first of its kind in English from a member of the hijra community.[68][69][70] She also acted and directed several stage plays on gender and sexuality issues in Tamil and Kannada. The Truth about Me: A Hijra Life Story by transgender A. Revathi[71] is part of the syllabus for final year students of The American College in Madurai. The American College is the first college in India to introduce third gender literature and studies with research-oriented seminars, and the Tamil terms for genderqueer people was coined in this college by gender activist Gopi Shankar.[72] Later Naan Saravanan's Alla (2007) and Vidya's I Am Vidya (2008) were among early transwoman autobiographies.[73][74]

Avenues for LGBT communities

There are many avenues for LGBTQ communities in various metro cities for meeting and socializing, although not very openly. Some of them are GayBombay, Good as You, HarmlessHugs. Recently, a queer dating platform named Amour Queer Dating has been launched to help LGBTIQ people find long-term partners.[75]

LGBT rights activists

Name Achievement
S. Swapna first transwoman to clear Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission exam and first transgender I.A.S aspirant.
A. Revathi actor, artist, writer, and theater activist
Aishwarya Rutuparna Pradhan first openly transgender civil servant, Odisha Financial Services officer
Anjali Gopalan human rights activist
Leena Manimekalai poet, writer, and film maker
Rituparno Ghosh popular film maker, Winner of 11 Indian National Film Awards
Manvendra Singh Gohil prince of royal clan
Andrew Harvey author, religious scholar and teacher of mystic traditions
Celina Jaitley Miss India 2001
Firdaus Kanga writer and actor
Karpaga the first trans person in India to perform a leading role in a mainstream movie
Ashok Row Kavi founder of Humsafur Trust
Agniva Lahiri social activist (PLUS Kolkata)
Saleem Kidwai writer
Nolan Lewis Mr. India Gay 2013
Shabnam Mausi first trans to participate in the Indian election
Sushant Divgikar Mr. India Gay 2014
Hoshang Merchant teacher, poet and critic
Ismail Merchant film producer and director
Onir award-winning film director
Manabi Bandyopadhyay India's first openly transgender college principal and first transgender person to hold a PhD
Kalki Subramaniam trans activist, actor, artist, writer, and founder of Sahodari Foundation
Gopi Shankar Madurai genderqueer activist,[76] recipient of The Commonwealth Youth Worker Asia Finalist Award, and founder of Srishti Madurai[77][78][79][80]
Harish Iyer activist, columnist, and blogger
Living Smile Vidya, actor, artist, writer, and theater activist
Grace Banu Dalit activist
Bobby Darling transsexual actress
Tista Das transsexual activist
Pablo Ganguli cultural entrepreneur, artist, director and impresario
Raul Patil Mr. India Gay 2011
Zoltan Parag Mr. India Gay 2008
Sridhar Rangayan film maker, and founder and festival director of Kasish Mumbai International Queer Film Festival
R. Raj Rao writer, professor of literature
Wendell Rodricks fashion designer and choreographer
Nishit Saran filmmaker, gay rights activist
Vikram Seth writer
Vinay Chandran gay and human rights activist
Parvez Sharma Indian writer and documentary filmmaker
Ramchandra Siras Indian linguist and author
Manil Suri Indian-American mathematician and writer
Laxmi Narayan Tripathi trans activist
Ruth Vanita writer and academician
Rose Venkatesan first trans TV host in India
Riyad Vinci Wadia film maker

Summary table

Same-sex sexual activity legal No (Court decision pending) Up to life imprisonment[81][82][83] as well as torture, vigilante executions, beatings, and fines[84] [85] [86]
Equal age of consent (Court decision pending)
Anti-discrimination laws in employment No (Only in Karnataka for Transgender individuals). Laws not enforced, court case may be formed to repeal this law
Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services No Court case may be formed to repeal this law
Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech) No (Only in Karnataka for Transgender individuals). Laws not enforced, court case may be formed to repeal this law
Same-sex marriages No (Proposed) [87][88][89]
Recognition of same-sex couples No (Proposed) [90][91][92]
Step-child adoption by same-sex couples No (Proposed)

[93] [94][95]

Joint adoption by same-sex couples No (Proposed)

[96] [97][98]

Adoption by transgender people No [99] (Proposed)

[100] [101][102]

Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military No
Right to change legal gender Yes/No (Only in Tamil Nadu and Kerala)
Homosexuality declassified as an illness No
Access to IVF for lesbians No
Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples No
MSM allowed to donate blood No

References

  1. ^ "Supreme Court makes homosexuality a crime again - The Times of India". The Times Of India. 12 December 2013.
  2. ^ "No separate proposal to repeal or amend section 377 : govt". The Hindustan Times.
  3. ^ "No separate proposal to repeal or amend section 377 : govt". Economic Times. 23 December 2014.
  4. ^ https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/07/18/india-prosecute-rampant-honor-killings
  5. ^ http://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/sAYrieZdZKEybKzhP8FDbP/Being-LGBT-in-India-Some-home-truths.html
  6. ^ http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/07/29/lesbian-newlyweds-flee-honor-killing-threats-in-india/
  7. ^ https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/25/making-transgender-rights-reality-india
  8. ^ https://www.expertily.com/blog/transgender-adoption-in-india
  9. ^ "One Who Fights For an Other". The New Indian Express.
  10. ^ "'Xavier was aware of the brutality of the Inquisition'". Deccan Herald. Deccan Herald. 27 April 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  11. ^ Sharma, Jai. "The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: A brief history". Indiafacts.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  12. ^ Soyer, Francois (2012). Ambiguous Gender in Early Modern Spain and Portugal: Inquisitors, Doctors and the Transgression of Gender Norms. p. 45. ISBN 9789004225299. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  13. ^ Kugle, Scott A (1 September 2011). Sufis and Saints' Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam. Chapter 4 - Note 62-63: Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 309. ISBN 9780807872772. Retrieved 20 September 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  14. ^ A digest of the Moohummudan law pp. 1-3 with footnotes, Neil Baillie, Smith Elder, London
  15. ^ Kusum Ingots v. Union of India, (2004) 6 SCC 254: "An order passed on a writ petition questioning the constitutionality of a Parliamentary Act, whether interim or final, keeping in view the provisions contained in Clause (2) of Article 226 of the Constitution of India, will have effect throughout the territory of India subject of course to the applicability of the Act."
  16. ^ Pervez Iqbal Siddiqui (28 December 2010). "Crackdown on gay party in Saharanpur, 13 held". The Times of India. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  17. ^ Mahapatra, Dhananjay (23 February 2012). "Centre opposes decriminalisation of homosexuality in SC". Economic Times. Times Internet. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  18. ^ "Supreme Court pulls up Centre for flip-flop on homosexuality". The Indian Express. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  19. ^ "Supreme Court sets aside Delhi High Court judgment in Naz Foundation; Declares S.377 to be constitutional".
  20. ^ Nelson, Dean (11 December 2013). "India's top court upholds law criminalising gay sex". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  21. ^ "Supreme Court makes gay sex punishable offence, again; Twitter war breaks out between those for and against the verdict". DNA India. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  22. ^ "Homosexuality is criminal offence: Supreme Court". Economic Times. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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Finding LGBT-Friendly Colleges In India

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