HNLMS O 13: Difference between revisions
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'''''O 13''''' was a {{sclass|O 12|submarine}} of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] that saw service during [[World War II]]. |
'''''O 13''''' was a {{sclass|O 12|submarine}} of the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] that saw service during [[World War II]]. was built by the [[Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding|Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde]] of [[Vlissingen]].<ref name="eerste noot">{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/classes/class_o12.htm dutchsubmarines.com :: O 12 class]</ref> was one of many Dutch ships doing convoy duty during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. At the time of the German invasion of the Netherlands, ''O 13'' was on patrol off the Dutch coast and was attacked by German planes on multiple occasions. After fleeing to England, the sub was lost during a patrol on the [[North Sea]].<ref name="tweede noot">{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/boats/boat_o13.htm dutchsubmarines.com :: O 13]</ref> |
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==Before World War II== |
==Before World War II== |
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''O 13'' ran into a fishing boat, the ''HD 7'', from [[Den Helder]] in the [[Schulpengat]] on September 26, 1933, sinking the ''HD 7''. With sister ship the ''[[HNLMS O 15|O 15]]'', the ''O 13'' attended the [[Brussels International Exposition (1935)]].<ref>{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/boats/boat_o15.htm Dutchsubmarines.com :: O 15]</ref> Later that year the ''O 13'', with ''[[HNLMS O 12|O 12]]'', ''[[HNLMS 15|O 15]]'', ''[[ |
''O 13'' ran into a fishing boat, the ''HD 7'', from [[Den Helder]] in the [[Schulpengat]] on September 26, 1933, sinking the ''HD 7''. With sister ship the ''[[HNLMS O 15|O 15]]'', the ''O 13'' attended the [[Brussels International Exposition (1935)]].<ref>{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/boats/boat_o15.htm Dutchsubmarines.com :: O 15]</ref> Later that year the ''O 13'', with ''[[HNLMS O 12|O 12]]'', ''[[HNLMS 15|O 15]]'', ''[[ Hertog Hendrik|Hertog Hendrik]]'', ''[[ Van Ghent ()|Van Ghent]]'', ''[[ Kortenaer ()|Kortenaer]]'' en ''[[ Z 5|Z 5]]'', sailed the North Sea, stopping in [[Gothenburg]] and [[Oslo]]. In 1937 the ''O 13'' did convoy duty in the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref name="tweede noot">{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/boats/boat_o12.htm Dutch Submarines.com :: O 12]</ref> along with the ''Hertog Hendrik'', ''[[ Johan Maurits van Nassau|Johan Maurits van Nassau]]'', ''[[ Nautilus (1930)|Nautilus]]'', ''[[ Java|Java]]'' and the ''O 15''.<ref name="10-01-1931">[http://www.scheepvaartmuseum.nl/collectie/maritieme-kalender?j=1938&m=1&d=10 scheepvaartmuseum.nl :: maritiemekalender 10-jan-1931]</ref> |
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==During World War II== |
==During World War II== |
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During the [[Battle of the Netherlands|German attack on the Netherlands in 1940]] ''O 13'' patrolled the Dutch coast and was attacked multiple times by German aircraft. On May 10, 1940, she sailed to England escorted by the [[minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]] [[HNLMS Jan van Gelder|''Jan van Gelder'']] and arrived in [[Portsmouth]] the next day. During the [[evacuation of Dunkirk]] and [[Operation Ariel#Evacuation from_Bordeaux, Le Verdon, Bayonne and St_Jean-de-Luz|Bordeaux]] ''O 13'' was on patrol in the [[English Channel]]. After the [[Fall of France]] Portsmouth was no longer considered safe, therefore ''O 13'' was transferred to a temporary harbour in [[Dundee, Scotland]], together with the other Dutch submarines ''[[HNLMS O 20|O 20]]'', ''[[HNLMS O 21|O 21]]'', ''[[HNLMS O 23|O 23]]'', and ''[[HNLMS O 24|O 24]]''. From Dundee ''O 13'' carried out patrols at the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[North Sea]]. On June 20, 1940, ''O 13'' was expected to be returned from one of her patrols. When she was not returned to Dundee on June, 25 she was reported missing. Since there are no German records about the ''O 13'' having been sunk it is assumed that the sub ran on a mine, a distinct possibility since ''O 13'' was patrolling in an area known to have been mined,<ref name="vierde noot"> |
During the [[Battle of the Netherlands|German attack on the Netherlands in 1940]] ''O 13'' patrolled the Dutch coast and was attacked multiple times by German aircraft. On May 10, 1940, she sailed to England escorted by the [[minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]] [[HNLMS Jan van Gelder|''Jan van Gelder'']] and arrived in [[Portsmouth]] the next day. During the [[evacuation of Dunkirk]] and [[Operation Ariel#Evacuation from_Bordeaux, Le Verdon, Bayonne and St_Jean-de-Luz|Bordeaux]] ''O 13'' was on patrol in the [[English Channel]]. After the [[Fall of France]] Portsmouth was no longer considered safe, therefore ''O 13'' was transferred to a temporary harbour in [[Dundee, Scotland]], together with the other Dutch submarines ''[[HNLMS O 20|O 20]]'', ''[[HNLMS O 21|O 21]]'', ''[[HNLMS O 23|O 23]]'', and ''[[HNLMS O 24|O 24]]''. From Dundee ''O 13'' carried out patrols at the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and the [[North Sea]]. On June 20, 1940, ''O 13'' was expected to be returned from one of her patrols. When she was not returned to Dundee on June, 25 she was reported missing. Since there are no German records about the ''O 13'' having been sunk it is assumed that the sub ran on a mine, a distinct possibility since ''O 13'' was patrolling in an area known to have been mined,<ref name="vierde noot">K.W.L. Bezemer, ''Zij vochten op de zeven zeeën''. W. de Haan, 1954.</ref> possibly the same minefield where the Polish submarine ''[[ORP Orzeł (1938)|Orzeł]]'' was lost. One other possibility is that the ''O 13'' was rammed by the Polish submarine ''[[ORP Wilk|Wilk]]'', which reported running into an unidentified submarine during the time span in which the ''O 13'' was lost.<ref name="vijfde noot">{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_the_wilk_case_part_one.htm dutchsubmarines.com :: The Wilk case]</ref> |
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Since there are no German records about the ''O 13'' having been sunk it is assumed that the sub ran on a mine, a distinct possibility since ''O 13'' was patrolling in an area known to have been mined,<ref name="vierde noot">{{[K.W.L. Bezemer, ''Zij vochten op de zeven zeeën''. W. de Haan, 1954.</ref> possibly the same minefield where the Polish submarine ''[[ORP Orzeł (1938)|Orzeł]]'' was lost. One other possibility is that the ''O 13'' was rammed by the Polish submarine ''[[ORP Wilk|Wilk]]'', which reported running into an unidentified submarine during the time span in which the ''O 13'' was lost.<ref name="vijfde noot">{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_the_wilk_case_part_one.htm dutchsubmarines.com :: The Wilk case]</ref> |
Since there are no German records about the ''O 13'' having been sunk it is assumed that the sub ran on a mine, a distinct possibility since ''O 13'' was patrolling in an area known to have been mined,<ref name="vierde noot">{{[K.W.L. Bezemer, ''Zij vochten op de zeven zeeën''. W. de Haan, 1954.</ref> possibly the same minefield where the Polish submarine ''[[ORP Orzeł (1938)|Orzeł]]'' was lost. One other possibility is that the ''O 13'' was rammed by the Polish submarine ''[[ORP Wilk|Wilk]]'', which reported running into an unidentified submarine during the time span in which the ''O 13'' was lost.<ref name="vijfde noot">{{en}} [http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/specials/special_the_wilk_case_part_one.htm dutchsubmarines.com :: The Wilk case]</ref> |
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Revision as of 14:51, 27 January 2013
 HNLMS O 13
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| History | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name | HNLMS O 13 |
| Builder | Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde, Vlissingen |
| Laid down | December 1, 1928 |
| Launched | April 18, 1931 |
| Commissioned | October 1, 1931 |
| Decommissioned | lost June 25, 1940 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Submarine |
| Displacement | list error: <br /> list (help) 610 tons surfaced 754 tons submerged |
| Length | 60.4 m (198 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 6.8 m (22 ft 4 in) |
| Draught | 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in) |
| Propulsion | list error: <br /> list (help) 2 × 900 hp (671 kW) diesel engines 2 × 310 hp (231 kW) electric motors |
| Speed | list error: <br /> list (help) 16 kn (30 km/h; 18 mph) surfaced 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) submerged |
| Range | list error: <br /> list (help) 10,000 nmi (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) on the surface 28 nmi (52 km; 32 mi) at 8.5 kn (15.7 km/h; 9.8 mph) submerged |
| Complement | 29-31 |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) 5 x 53 cm torpedo tubes 2 x 44 mm cannon[1] 1 x 12,7 mm machine gun |
O 13 was a O 12-class submarine of the Royal Netherlands Navy that saw service during World War II. She was built by the Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde of Vlissingen.[1] She was one of many Dutch ships doing convoy duty during the Spanish Civil War. At the time of the German invasion of the Netherlands, O 13 was on patrol off the Dutch coast and was attacked by German planes on multiple occasions. After fleeing to England, the sub was lost during a patrol on the North Sea.[2]
Before World War II
O 13 ran into a fishing boat, the HD 7, from Den Helder in the Schulpengat on September 26, 1933, sinking the HD 7. With sister ship the O 15, the O 13 attended the Brussels International Exposition in 1935.[3] Later that year the O 13, with O 12, O 15, Hertog Hendrik, Van Ghent, Kortenaer en Z 5, sailed the North Sea, stopping in Gothenburg and Oslo. In 1937 the O 13 did convoy duty in the Strait of Gibraltar during the Spanish Civil War,[2] along with the Hertog Hendrik, Johan Maurits van Nassau, Nautilus, Java and the O 15.[4]
During World War II
During the German attack on the Netherlands in 1940 O 13 patrolled the Dutch coast and was attacked multiple times by German aircraft. On May 10, 1940, she sailed to England escorted by the minesweeper Jan van Gelder and arrived in Portsmouth the next day. During the evacuation of Dunkirk and Bordeaux O 13 was on patrol in the English Channel. After the Fall of France Portsmouth was no longer considered safe, therefore O 13 was transferred to a temporary harbour in Dundee, Scotland, together with the other Dutch submarines O 20, O 21, O 23, and O 24. From Dundee O 13 carried out patrols at the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. On June 20, 1940, O 13 was expected to be returned from one of her patrols. When she was not returned to Dundee on June, 25 she was reported missing. Since there are no German records about the O 13 having been sunk it is assumed that the sub ran on a mine, a distinct possibility since O 13 was patrolling in an area known to have been mined,[5] possibly the same minefield where the Polish submarine Orzeł was lost. One other possibility is that the O 13 was rammed by the Polish submarine Wilk, which reported running into an unidentified submarine during the time span in which the O 13 was lost.[6]
Since there are no German records about the O 13 having been sunk it is assumed that the sub ran on a mine, a distinct possibility since O 13 was patrolling in an area known to have been mined,[5] possibly the same minefield where the Polish submarine Orzeł was lost. One other possibility is that the O 13 was rammed by the Polish submarine Wilk, which reported running into an unidentified submarine during the time span in which the O 13 was lost.[6]
Monument and memory
In September 2009, a monument was unveiled in Dundee, dedicated to the memory of sailors who served on submarines operating from there and did not return, including those of the O-13 and the O-22. They are referred to as "Still on patrol". In September 2012, the Royal Netherlands Navy announced they would renew the search with new, advanced equipment.
References
- ^ a b Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{langx|en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead. dutchsubmarines.com :: O 12 class
- ^ a b Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{langx|en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead. dutchsubmarines.com :: O 13 Cite error: The named reference "tweede noot" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{langx|en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead. Dutchsubmarines.com :: O 15
- ^ scheepvaartmuseum.nl :: maritiemekalender 10-jan-1931
- ^ a b K.W.L. Bezemer, Zij vochten op de zeven zeeën. W. de Haan, 1954. Cite error: The named reference "vierde noot" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace. Use {{langx|en}} or {{in lang|en}} instead. dutchsubmarines.com :: The Wilk case