View source for Fiddle

You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 3.83.0.0/16 has been blocked by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: {{unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~}}. You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 21:48, 22 February 2026. Your current IP address is 3.83.3.93.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
This IP address range has been globally blocked.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis.
The IP address or range 3.83.0.0/16 has been globally blocked by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬ for the following reason(s):

Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected

This block will expire on 15:08, 18 April 2025. Your current IP address is 3.83.3.93.

Even while globally blocked, you will usually still be able to edit pages on Meta-Wiki.

If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

Other useful links: Global blocks · Help:I have been blocked

You can view and copy the source of this page:

{{Short description|Bowed string instrument}}
{{About|the musical instrument and its playing styles|the Indian film|Fiddle (film){{!}}''Fiddle'' (film)}}
{{Redirect|Fiddler}}

{{Infobox Instrument
| name           = Fiddle
| names          = [[Violin]]
| image          = Morris fiddler - Festivals of Winds, 2012.jpg
| image_capt     = A [[morris dance]] fiddler playing a fiddle.
| background     = string
| classification = [[Bowed string instrument]]
| hornbostel_sachs = 321.322-71
| developed      = Early 16th century
| range          = [[Image:Range violin.png|130px|center]]
| related        = *'''[[Violin family]]''' ([[viola]], [[cello]])
*[[Viol]] family (includes [[double bass]])
| musicians      = *[[List of fiddlers]]
| builders       = *[[:Category:Bowed string instrument makers|Luthiers]]
}}

{{Violin}}

A '''fiddle''' is a [[Bow (music)|bowed]] [[String instrument|string]] [[musical instrument]], most often a [[violin]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gyles|first=Mary Francis|title=Nero Fiddled While Rome Burned|journal=[[The Classical Journal]]|date=January 1947|volume=42|issue=4|pages=211–17|jstor=3291751}}</ref> It is a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres, including [[European classical music|classical music]]. Although in many cases violins and fiddles are essentially synonymous, the style of the music played may determine specific construction differences between fiddles and classical violins. For example, fiddles may optionally be set up with a [[Violin construction and mechanics#Bridge|bridge]] with a flatter arch to reduce the range of bow-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of [[bariolage]] involving rapid alternation between pairs of adjacent strings.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reiner |first1=David |last2=Anick |first2=Peter |date=1989 |title=Mel Bay's Old-Time Fiddling Across America |publisher=Mel Bay Publications, Inc. |page=37 |isbn=978-0-7866-5381-2 |quote=Double shuffle: syncopated string crossing on a chord, with the top note changing. }}</ref> To produce a "brighter" tone than the deep tones of gut or synthetic core strings, fiddlers often use steel strings. The fiddle is part of many traditional ([[Folk music|folk]]) styles, which are typically [[Music#Oral and aural tradition|aural traditions]]—taught "[[Playing by ear|by ear]]" rather than via written music.<ref name="OKHistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=FI001|title=Fiddling|last=Harris |first=Rodger |publisher=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture|date=2009|website=Okhistory.org|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref>

'''Fiddling''' is the act of playing the fiddle, and '''fiddlers''' are musicians who play it. Among musical styles, fiddling tends to produce rhythms that focus on dancing, with associated quick note changes, whereas classical music tends to contain more [[vibrato]] and sustained notes. Fiddling is also open to improvisation and embellishment with [[Ornament (music)#Celtic music|ornamentation]] at the player's discretion, in contrast to orchestral performances, which adhere to the composer's notes to reproduce a work faithfully. It is less common for a classically trained violinist to play folk music, but today, many fiddlers (e.g., [[Alasdair Fraser]], [[Brittany Haas]], and [[Alison Krauss]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nodepression.com/article/alison-krauss-bluegrass-rose-blooms|title=Alison Krauss - The bluegrass rose blooms &#124; No Depression|date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229100342/http://nodepression.com/article/alison-krauss-bluegrass-rose-blooms|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=2016-12-29}}</ref>) have classical training.

==History==
The first recorded reference to the bowed [[Byzantine lira|lira]] was in the 9th century by the [[Persian people|Persian]] geographer [[Ibn Khordadbeh|Ibn Khurradadhbih]] (d. 911); in his lexicographical discussion of instruments he cited the lira (lūrā) as a typical instrument of the Byzantines and equivalent to the [[rabāb]] played in the Islamic Empires.<ref>Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990 p. 124.</ref>

The medieval fiddle emerged in 10th-century Europe, deriving from the [[Byzantine lira]] ({{langx|grc|λύρα}}, {{langx|la|lira}}, {{langx|en|lyre}}), a bowed string instrument of the [[Byzantine Empire]] and ancestor of most European bowed instruments.<ref name="ebfiddle">"fiddle." ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 6 March 2009.</ref><ref>Anthony Baines: ''The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments''. [[Oxford University Press]], USA (November 12, 1992).</ref>

Lira spread widely westward to Europe; in the 11th and 12th centuries European writers use the terms ''fiddle'' and ''lira'' interchangeably when referring to bowed instruments.<ref name="ebfiddle" />

West African fiddlers have accompanied singing and dancing with one-string gourd fiddles since the twelfth century {{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}, and many black musicians in America learned on similar homemade fiddles before switching over to the European violin{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}. As early as the mid-1600s, black fiddlers ("exquisite performers on three-stringed fiddles") were playing for both black and white dancers at street celebrations in the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam (New York City), and by 1690 slave fiddlers were routinely providing the music at plantation balls in Virginia.<ref>[[Phil Jamison]]: Hoedowns, Reels, and Frolics. University of Illinois Press, 2015 p. 45.</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[etymology]] of ''fiddle'' is uncertain: it probably derives from the Latin ''fidula'', which is the early word for ''violin'', or it may be natively Germanic.<ref>
{{cite encyclopedia
| url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50084343?query_type=word&queryword=fiddle&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=aqCu-MRFGqf-11482&hilite=50084343
| title = fiddle, n.
| encyclopedia = Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year=  1989
| access-date = 2008-03-28
}}
: ''(as access to the OED online is not free, the relevant excerpt is provided)'' "The ultimate origin is obscure. The <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Germanic languages|Teutonic]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> word bears a singular resemblance in sound to its <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[medieval]] [[Latin language|Latin]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> synonym ''vitula'', ''vidula'', whence <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Old French]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> ''viole'', Pr. viula, and (by adoption from these <nowiki>[</nowiki>languages<nowiki>]</nowiki>) <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Italian language|Italian]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Spanish language|Spanish]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> ''viola'': see <nowiki>[</nowiki>''viol''<nowiki>]</nowiki>. The supposition that the early <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Romance languages|Romance]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> ''vidula'' was adopted independently in more than one <nowiki>[</nowiki>Teutonic language<nowiki>]</nowiki> would account adequately for all the <nowiki>[</nowiki>Teutonic<nowiki>]</nowiki> forms; on the other hand, ''*fiÞulôn-'' may be an <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Proto-Germanic|Old Teutonic]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> word of native etymology, although no satisfactory <nowiki>[</nowiki>Teutonic<nowiki>]</nowiki> derivation has been found."
</ref>

The name appears to be related to Icelandic [[Fiðla]] and also [[Old English]] ''fiðele''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.ff.cuni.cz/cgi-bin/uaa_slovnik/gmc_search_v3?cmd=formquery2&query=fiddle&startrow=1 |title=Bosworth and Toller |publisher=Web.ff.cuni.cz |access-date=2012-04-30 |archive-date=2013-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060800/http://web.ff.cuni.cz/cgi-bin/uaa_slovnik/gmc_search_v3?cmd=formquery2&query=fiddle&startrow=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A native Germanic ancestor of ''fiddle'' might even be the ancestor of the early Romance form of ''violin''.<ref>[[Mario Pei]], ''The Story of the English Language'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967), p. 109.</ref>

In medieval times, ''fiddle'' also referred to a predecessor of today's violin. Like the violin, it tended to have four strings, but came in a variety of shapes and sizes. Another family of instruments that contributed to the development of the modern fiddle are the [[viol]]s, which are held between the legs and played vertically, and have fretted fingerboards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/viol/hd_viol.htm|title=The Viol {{!}} Essay {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art|last=Weinfield|first=Author: Elizabeth|website=The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|language=en|access-date=2018-04-09}}</ref>

==Ensembles==
[[File:Musiciens pub Gus O'Connor-Doolin.JPG|thumbnail|left|Fiddlers participating in a session at a pub in Ireland]]
In performance, a solo fiddler, or one or two with a group of other instrumentalists, is the norm, though twin fiddling is represented in some North American, Scandinavian, Scottish and Irish styles. Following the folk revivals of the second half of the 20th century, it became common for less formal situations to find large groups of fiddlers playing together—see for example the Calgary Fiddlers, [[Music of Sweden|Swedish]] [[Spelmanslag]] folk-musician clubs, and the worldwide phenomenon of [[Irish traditional music session|Irish sessions]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thesession.org/sessions/index.php | title = The Session: Sessions | access-date = 28 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/arts/music/traditional-irish-music-in-new-york-city.html |title=Traditional Irish Music in New York City |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|first=Andy |last=Webster |date=16 March 2012 |access-date=6 February 2018}}</ref>

Orchestral violins, on the other hand, are commonly grouped in sections, or [[Orchestra#Organization|"chairs"]]. These contrasting traditions may be vestiges of historical performance settings: large concert halls where violins were played required more instruments, before electronic amplification, than did more intimate dance halls and houses that fiddlers played in.

The difference was likely compounded by the different sounds expected of violin music and fiddle music. Historically, the majority of fiddle music was dance music,<ref name="OKHistory"/> while violin music had either grown out of dance music or was something else entirely. Violin music came to value a smoothness that fiddling, with its dance-driven clear beat, did not always follow. In situations that required greater volume, a fiddler (as long as they kept the beat) could push their instrument harder than could a violinist.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}} Various fiddle traditions have differing values.

===Scottish, with cello===
In the very late 20th century, a few artists successfully reconstructed the Scottish tradition of violin and "big fiddle", or cello. Notable recorded examples include Iain Fraser and Christine Hanson, Amelia Kaminski and Christine Hanson's Bonnie Lasses,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.willockandsaxgallery.com/kaminski.htm |title=Amelia Kaminski Productions |publisher=Willockandsaxgallery.com |access-date=2011-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112125429/http://www.willockandsaxgallery.com/kaminski.htm |archive-date=2011-11-12 }}</ref> [[Alasdair Fraser]] and [[Natalie Haas]]' Fire and Grace,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culburnie.com/albums/AlasdairFraser/fire_and_grace.htm |title=Fire & Grace |publisher=Culburnie.com |access-date=2011-11-14 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928193410/http://www.culburnie.com/albums/AlasdairFraser/fire_and_grace.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Tim Macdonald and Jeremy Ward's ''The Wilds''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timandjeremy.com/wilds |title=The Wilds |publisher=Tim Macdonald and Jeremy Ward |date=2017-11-15 |access-date=2018-08-24}}</ref>

===Balkan, with ''kontra''===
Hungarian, Slovenian, and Romanian fiddle players are often accompanied by a three-stringed variant of the [[viola]]—known as the ''[[kontra]]''—and by [[double bass]], with [[cimbalom]] and [[clarinet]] being less standard yet still common additions to a band.  In Hungary, a three-stringed viola variant with a flat bridge, called the ''[[kontra]]'' or ''háromhúros brácsa'' makes up part of a traditional rhythm section in Hungarian folk music.  The flat bridge lets the musician play three-string chords. A three-stringed double bass variant is also used.

==Styles==
To a greater extent than classical violin playing, fiddle playing is characterized by a huge variety of ethnic or [[folk music]] traditions, each of which has its own distinctive sound.

===Europe===

====Great Britain====
* [[Folk music of England|English folk music]] fiddling, including
**[[Music of Northumbria|Northumbrian]] fiddle style, which features "seconding", an improvised harmony part played by a second fiddler.
**[[Lake District|Lakeland]] or [[Cumbria]]n fiddling has a repertoire largely based upon [[hornpipe]]s but also incorporates reels and jigs.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gilchrist |first1=Anne Geddes |title=Some Old Lake Country Fiddlers and their Tune Books |url=http://www.cpartington.plus.com/Links/Irwin/Lake%20District%20Fiddlers.html}}</ref>
* [[Scottish fiddling]], including:
**[[Shetland]] fiddling, which includes [[Trow (folklore)|trowie]] tunes said to come from [[Little people (mythology)|peerie folk]]. The style is characterised by "ringing strings" and syncopated rhythms.
**A North East (particularly [[Aberdeenshire]] and [[Moray]]) tradition strongly influenced by baroque violin technique with staccato and [[Scotch snap]] bowing techniques and [[double stops]].
**A [[Scottish Borders]] tradition with a repertoire heavy in [[hornpipe]]s and with heavy use of [[double stops]].
**A [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] tradition, highly influenced by the ornamentation and [[mixolydian]] scale of the [[Great Highland Bagpipe]], as well as smoother bowing than other Scottish fiddle styles and a swinging of the 6/8 [[jig]] rhythm.
**A West Highland and [[Hebrides|Hebridean]] Tradition, very closely related to the Highland tradition with major influence from the [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] song tradition.
**An [[Orkney]] tradition with simpler bowing and ornamentation but with tunes featuring [[accidental (music)|accidentals]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Joseph Lyons |url=http://www.scotlandsmusic.com/Home/scottish-fiddle.htm |title=Scottish Fiddle Music |publisher=Scotlandsmusic.com |access-date=2012-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419115950/http://www.scotlandsmusic.com/Home/scottish-fiddle.htm |archive-date=2012-04-19 }}</ref>
* [[Music of Wales|Welsh fiddling]] (Welsh ''Ffidil''; see [[Ar Log]]), a recently revived tradition.

====Ireland====
* [[Irish traditional music|Irish folk music]] fiddling including:
**[[Donegal fiddle tradition|Donegal]] fiddling from the northwest in [[Ulster]], which features [[mazurka]]s and a Scottish-influenced repertoire including [[Strathspey (dance)|Strathspey]] and [[Highland Fling]] dances. Fiddlers tend to play fast and make heavy use of [[staccato]] bowing and may from time to time "play the bass", meaning a second fiddler may play a melody an octave below where a first fiddler is playing it.
**[[Sligo]] fiddling from northern [[Connacht]], which like Donegal fiddling tends to be fast, but with a bouncier feel to the bowing.
**[[Galway]] fiddling southern [[Connacht]], which is slower than Sligo or Donegal traditions, with a heavier emphasis on ornamentation. Tunes are occasionally played in Eb or Bb to match the tonality of flat pipes.
**[[County Clare|Clare]] fiddling from northern [[Munster]], which tends to be played near the slower Galway tempo yet with a greater emphasis on the melody itself rather than ornamentation.
**[[Sliabh Luachra]] fiddling from the southwest in [[Munster]], characterized by a unique repertoire of [[polka]]s and [[slide (tune type)|slides]], the use of [[double stop]]s and [[drone (music)|drones]], as well as playing the melody in two octaves as in Donegal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishfiddle.com/article_on_styles1.html |title=Regional Irish Fiddle Styles |publisher=Irishfiddle.com |access-date=2012-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423204037/http://www.irishfiddle.com/article_on_styles1.html |archive-date=2012-04-23 }}</ref>

====Nordic countries====
[[File:JPP Areenalla.jpeg|thumb|The folk music band [[JPP]] at the 2015 [[Kaustinen Folk Music Festival]] in [[Kaustinen|Kaustinen, Finland]]]]
* [[Music of Norway|Norwegian fiddling]] (including [[Hardanger fiddle|Hardanger]] fiddling; see also [[Bygdedans]] and [[Gammaldans]]), including traditions from:
**[[Røros]] and [[Nord-Noreg]] styles, both using the standard fiddle.
**[[Finnskogen]], using the standard fiddle, but featuring some [[flat (music)|flatted notes]] influenced by Finnish folk music.
**[[Voss]] and [[Telemark]] styles, both using the [[Hardanger fiddle]].
**[[Setesdal]], which uses both standard and Hardanger fiddles.
* [[Swedish folk music|Swedish fiddling]] (including [[Låtfiol]] playing; see also [[Spelmanslag]] and [[Gammaldans]]), including traditions from:
**[[Jämtland]]
**[[Dalarna]]
* [[Music of Finland|Finnish fiddling]], including the regional styles of:
**[[Kaustinen]]
**[[Ostrobothnia (region)|Ostrobothnia]], heavily influenced by Swedish fiddling.

====Continental Europe====
[[File:KLEZPO.png|thumb|upright|right|Klezmer fiddlers at a wedding, Ukraine, ca. 1925]]
* [[Music of Austria|Austrian fiddling]]
* [[French fiddling]], including an old tradition from [[Corrèze]] and a revived one from [[Music of Brittany|Brittany]]
* [[Hungarian folk music]] traditions
* [[Music of Italy|Italian fiddling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/med/Med+mid%20frame.html |title=Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Fiddle |publisher=Fiddlingaround.co.uk |access-date=2011-11-14}}</ref>
* [[Klezmer]] fiddling<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/klezmer/Klezmer%20frame.html |title=Klezmer Fiddle |publisher=Fiddlingaround.co.uk |access-date=2011-11-14}}</ref>
* [[Polish fiddling]]
* [[Music of Portugal|Mainland Portuguese]] and [[Azores|Azorean]] fiddling
* [[Romanian fiddling]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/easterneurope/Easterneurope%20frame.html |title=East European and Gypsy Fiddle |publisher=Fiddlingaround.co.uk |access-date=2011-11-14}}</ref>

===Americas===

====United States====
[[Image:Peter Stampfel 08.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Peter Stampfel]] from [[The Holy Modal Rounders]]]]
[[American fiddling]], a broad category including traditional and modern styles

=====Traditional=====
*[[Blues]] fiddling
*[[Cajun music|Cajun]] and [[Zydeco]] fiddling
*[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] fiddling, including:
**[[Cherokee]]<ref name="OKHistory" />
**[[Muscogee|Creek]]<ref name="OKHistory" />
**[[Tohono O'odham]] [[Chicken scratch|waila music]], a style heavily influenced by Mexican fiddling<ref>{{cite web|url=http://store.canyonrecords.com/index.php?app=ecom&ns=prodshow&ref=CR-8082 |title=Gu-Achi Fiddlers - Old Time O'odham Fiddle Music (CR-8082) |publisher=Store.canyonrecords.com |access-date=2012-08-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803000540/http://store.canyonrecords.com/index.php?app=ecom&ns=prodshow&ref=CR-8082 |archive-date=2012-08-03 }}</ref> and featuring irregular counts and harmonies in thirds, fourths, and sixths.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}
*[[Old time fiddle|Old time]] fiddling, including:
**Fiddling from [[Appalachia]], the most well-known style today, featuring heavy use of droning and double-stops as well as syncopated bowing patterns.
**[[Athabaskan fiddling]] of the Interior Alaska.
**[[Midwest]]ern fiddling, highly influenced by [[Scandinavian music]].
**[[Ozarks]] fiddling, faster and crisper bowing than Appalachia.
**[[Texas]] fiddling, with influences from [[Music of Mexico|Mexican]] fiddling and an emphasis on competitive playing.[[File:Kenny Baker-fiddle.jpg|thumb|right|Bluegrass fiddler [[Kenny Baker (fiddler)|Kenny Baker]]]]
**[[New England]] fiddling, with strong influences from [[Quebec|Québécois]]/[[French Canadian]] and British repertoires.
**[[Pacific Northwest|Northwest]] fiddling, with influences from both Ozark and Midwestern fiddle styles, though with a strong emphasis on competitive playing like Texas fiddling.

=====Modern=====
*[[Bluegrass fiddle|Bluegrass]] fiddling
*[[Country music|Country]] fiddling
*[[Western swing]] style fiddling<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiddlingaround.co.uk/westernswing/wswingframe.html |title=Western Swing Fiddle |publisher=Fiddlingaround.co.uk |access-date=2011-11-14}}</ref>

====Canada====
Fiddling remains popular in [[Canada]], and the various homegrown styles of [[Canadian fiddling]] are seen as an important part of the country's cultural identity, as celebrated during the opening ceremony of the [[Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics]].
*[[Cape Breton fiddling]], with a distinct Scottish influence
*[[French Canadian]] fiddling including "[[crooked tune]]s", that is, tunes with irregular beat patterns.
*[[Métis fiddle|Métis fiddling]], of central and western Canada featuring strong French Canadian influence, but with even more "crooked" tunes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jsis.washington.edu/canada/collections/metis2.shtml |title=Jackson School of International Studies - Canadian Studies Center |publisher=Jsis.washington.edu |access-date=2012-08-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023062109/http://jsis.washington.edu/canada/collections/metis2.shtml |archive-date=2013-10-23 }}</ref>
*[[Newfoundland]] fiddling
*[[Maritimes]], [[Acadian]] or Downeast style of fiddling, which has many similarities to [[Cape Breton fiddling]]
*[[English Canadian]] fiddling or Anglo-Canadian fiddling

====Mexico====
[[Image:Silvestre Vargas Orfeon.JPG|thumb|right|[[Silvestre Vargas]] (1901–1985), fiddler of the [[Mariachi Vargas]] from 1921 to 1975, director from 1931 to 1955]]
[[Music of Mexico|Mexican]] fiddling includes
*Danza indígena
*[[Mariachi]]
*Son arribeño
*[[Son calentano]]
*[[Son huasteco]]
*Son planeco
*Violín-tambora
*Violín tuxtleco
*Violín mixteco

====South America====
* [[Forró]], a type of music from Brazil, including the ''[[rabeca]]'' fiddle tradition
* [[Music of Peru|Peruvian violin]]

===Africa, Asia and Australia===
*[[African fiddle]]
*[[Australian folk music]] traditions
*[[Huqin]] Chinese fiddles
*[[Morna (music)|Morna]] fiddling from [[Cape Verde]]
*[[Indian fiddle]]
*[[Indian classical music]]

==Related instruments==

===Variants===
[[File:Apachefiddler.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Chasi, a [[Warm Springs Apache]] musician, playing the Apache fiddle, 1886<ref>[http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siarchives&uri=full=3100001~!33821~!0#focus "Portrait of Chasi, Bonito's Son..."] ''National Anthropological Archives.'' (retrieved 11 June 2010)</ref>]]
*[[Hardanger fiddle]]
*[[Stroh violin]] or phonofiddle, known in Romanian as ''Vioara cu goarnă''.

===Near relations===
*[[Cello]]
*[[Double bass]]
*[[Kontra]]
* ''[[Låtfiol]]''
*[[Rebec]]
*''[[Rabeca]]''
*[[Viola]]

===Distant relations===
[[File:Vaxholm 8556 (1158877619).jpg|thumb|A nyckelharpa being played]]
*[[Apache fiddle]]
*[[Byzantine lyra]], the medieval bowed instrument of the Byzantine Empire
*[[Lyra (Cretan)|Cretan Lyra]]
*[[Crwth]]
*[[Gadulka]]
*[[Gudok]]
*[[Gusle]]
*[[Hurdy-gurdy]] also known as the wheel fiddle
*[[Kamancheh]]
*[[Lijerica]]
*[[Nyckelharpa]]
*[[Rebab]]
*[[Erhu]]
*[[morin khuur]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Music}}
* [[Fleadh Cheoil]]
* [[List of All-Ireland Champions]]
* [[List of fiddlers]]
* [[Jazz violin]]

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Sources ===
* ''The Fiddle Book'', by Marion Thede, (1970), Oak Publications. {{ISBN|0-8256-0145-2}}.
* ''[[The Fiddler's Fakebook]]'', by David Brody, (1983), Oak Publications. US {{ISBN|0-8256-0238-6}}; UK {{ISBN|0-7119-0309-3}}.
* ''Oldtime Fiddling Across America'', by David Reiner and Peter Anick (1989), Mel Bay Publications. {{ISBN|0-87166-766-5}}. Has transcriptions (standard notation) and analysis of tunes from multiple regional and ethnic styles.
* ''The Portland Collection'', by Susan Songer, (1997), {{ISBN|0-9657476-0-3}} (Vol. 2 {{ISBN|0-9657476-1-1}})
*''North American Fiddle Music: a research and information guide'' by Drew Beisswenger (2011) Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-415-99454-5}}

==External links==
{{external links|date=November 2017}}
{{Sister project links|n=no|d=Q510487|species=no|s=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Fiddle|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|b=How to Play Fiddle|v=Portal:Fiddle|commons=Category:Fiddles}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1hezQPoGLo Faroese] fiddling
* [http://www.ibiblio.org/fiddlers/index.html The Fiddler's Companion], an encyclopedia of historical notes on tunes from British, Celtic, and American traditions
* [http://www.vithefiddler.com/difference-between-fiddle-and-violin/ Differences] between fiddle and violin
* [http://ludowe.instrumenty.edu.pl/en/instruments-/categories/category/310 Polish Fiddles] - [http://ludowe.instrumenty.edu.pl/en/instruments-/categories/category/313 mazanki], [http://ludowe.instrumenty.edu.pl/en/instruments-/categories/category/314 złóbcoki]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NCj2-vpkMc&index=4&list=PL-vEE7TX3aIfca1edpfKRz3Vt6HURNAMf Złóbcoki (fiddles) - “Instruments with Soul” documentary]
* [http://www.violoneux.fr Violoneux.fr], background information on fiddlers of different French regions in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. In French.

{{Bluegrass music}}
{{Music of Ireland}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cajun musical instruments]]
[[Category:Celtic musical instruments]]
[[Category:Czech musical instruments]]
[[Category:English musical instruments]]
[[Category:American musical instruments]]
[[Category:Fiddles]]
[[Category:Irish musical instruments]]
[[Category:Scottish musical instruments]]
[[Category:Welsh musical instruments]]
[[Category:Violins]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Fiddler (edit)
Template:About (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Bluegrass music (edit)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:External links (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Instrument (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox instrument (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox instrument/Classification (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Infobox instrument/Color (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Langx (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Longlink (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Music (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Music of Ireland (edit)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Redirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Serif (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project links (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Time signature (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Violin (edit)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:About (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/langx (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/m (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sister project links/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Su (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Fiddle.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddle"