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{{Short description|Suspension bridge crossing the Singapore River}}
{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name   = Cavenagh Bridge
|native_name   = {{nobold|加文纳桥 <br>''Jambatan Cavenagh''}}
|image         = Cavenagh Bridge 3, Dec 05.JPG
|image_size    = 250
|alt           = 
|caption       = 
|official_name = Cavenagh Bridge
|carries       = Pedestrians and bicycles (vehicles, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]], horse and ox [[cart]]s in the past)
|crosses       = [[Singapore River]]
|locale        = [[Downtown Core]], [[Singapore]]
|maint         = 
|id            = 
|designer      = Colonel Collyer, Rowland Mason Ordish
|design        = [[Cable-stayed bridge]]
|builder       = Clutha Ironworks and P&W Maclellan, Glasgow Engineers
|material      = 
|spans         = 
|pierswater    = 
|mainspan      = 60.96 metres
|length        = 79.25 metres
|width         = 9.45 metres
|height        = 
|load          = 
|clearance     = 
|below         = 
|traffic       = 
|begin         = 
|complete      = 
|open          = {{start date and age|df=y|1869}}
|coordinates   = {{coord|1.28656|103.85235|format=dms|type:landmark_region:SG|display=inline,title}}
|embedded      = {{designation list|embed=yes|designation1=Singapore|designation1_date={{Start date and age|df=yes|2019|10|15}}|designation1_number=73}}
}}

'''Cavenagh Bridge''' is the only [[suspension bridge]] and one of the oldest [[bridge]]s in [[Singapore]], spanning the lower reaches of the [[Singapore River]] in the [[Downtown Core]]. Opened in 1869<ref name="National Monument">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhb.gov.sg/-/media/nhb/files/media/releases/new-releases/15-oct-2019-singapore-river-bridges-gazette.pdf |title=Singapore River  Bridges gazetted as Singapore’s 73rd National Monument |website=NHB |access-date=26 October 2019 |date=15 October 2019}}</ref> to commemorate Singapore's new [[Crown colony]] of the [[Straits Settlements]] status in 1867, it is the oldest bridge in Singapore that exists in its original form.

==History==
[[File:Cavenagh Bridge 2012 0045.jpg|thumb|Cavenagh Bridge, P&W Maclellan marker]]

Originally known as the '''[[Edinburgh]] Bridge''' to commemorate the visit of the [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Duke of Edinburgh]], its name was changed to Cavenagh Bridge in honour of [[Major General]] [[Orfeur Cavenagh]], the last [[India]]-appointed [[Governor of the Straits Settlements]], who governed from 1859 to 1867.<ref name=BridgingTheGap>G. Chandradas, Tien Chung Ping (21 August 2008). "Bridging the gap", The Straits Times.</ref> The [[coat of arms]] of the Cavenagh family can still be seen atop the signage at both ends of the bridge.

Cavenagh Bridge linked the Civic District on the northern bank to the Commercial District on the southern bank of the Singapore River. Before Cavenagh Bridge was constructed, people could only move between the two districts via a [[Detour (road)|detour]] over [[Elgin Bridge (Singapore)|Elgin Bridge]] or by paying 1 [[duit]] (¼ [[Cent (currency)|cent]]) for a [[boat]] ride across the river.

This bridge has elaborate suspension [[strut]]s in comparison with most other [[suspension bridges]], and is the third bridge to be built in Singapore. It was constructed in 1869 to allay the inconvenience of crossing the Singapore River by boat. Numerous [[steel]] rivets were used in its construction, which employed steel [[casting]] methods commonly used during that era.

The bridge was designed by the colonial [[Public Works Department of Singapore|Public Works Department]]'s [[John Turnbull Thomson]] and constructed by the P&W Maclellan, Glasgow Engineers at a cost of [[Straits dollar|Straits $]]80,000. Built and tested in Glasgow to withstand a load four times its own weight, it was shipped to Singapore in parts and reassembled in 1869 by convict labour before opening to traffic a year later. [[Rickshaws]] and [[ox]] [[carts]] used the Cavenagh Bridge to cross [[Singapore River]]. Subsequently, the bridge became overloaded due to the flourishing [[trade]] on the Singapore River in the late 1880s.

[[File:CavenaghSign.JPG|thumb|The 1910s police notice at each end of the bridge still stands till today.]]

When Cavenagh Bridge became unable to cope with the increasing [[traffic]] into town and its low [[Air draft (nautical)|draught]] was insufficient for the passage of boats at [[high tide]], the government decided to build the [[Anderson Bridge (Singapore)|Anderson Bridge]] in 1910 to replace Cavenagh Bridge. Cavenagh Bridge was eventually spared from [[demolition]] and was converted to a [[pedestrian]] bridge, with the road traffic diverted to the Anderson Bridge. A [[police]] notice, which is still preserved until today, was thus erected at both ends of the bridge restricting the passage of vehicles that weighed beyond 3 [[Hundredweight|cwt]] (152 kilograms or 336 pounds), including [[cattle]] and horses. The sign reads:
<blockquote>
:POLICE NOTICE
:CAVENAGH BRIDGE

:THE USE OF THIS BRIDGE IS PROHIBITED TO ANY VEHICLE OF WHICH THE LADEN WEIGHT EXCEEDS 3 CWT. AND TO ALL CATTLE AND HORSES

:BY ORDER
:CHIEF POLICE OFFICER.
</blockquote>

==Cavenagh Bridge today==
[[File:Hotel The Fullerton y puente Cavenagh, Marina Bay, Singapur, 2023-08-18, DD 36-38 HDR.jpg|thumb|Night view]]
Cavenagh Bridge is currently a pedestrian bridge, with lighting added in 1990 to accentuate its architectural features at nightfall.<ref name=BridgingTheGap/> It now provides the most convenient pedestrian link between the cultural district at the north bank and the commercial district to the south of the Singapore River, and complements the renovated [[The Fullerton Singapore|Fullerton Hotel]] (previously Fullerton Building) which is sited beside the bridge.

There are numerous [[sculpture]] works near the Cavenagh Bridge, including a family of [[Singapura (cat)|Singapura cats]] (''kucinta'' or drain cats), recognised as one of the smallest breeds of [[cat]]s in the world, located at the southwest abutment.

On 3 November 2008, the bridge was selected for conservation as part of the [[Urban Redevelopment Authority]]'s expanded conservation programme. It was subsequently upgraded to a [[list of national monuments of Singapore|national monument]], planned in the early 2010s and announced in 2019 by [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] [[Heng Swee Keat]]. The historical significance is the old police signboard and the physical bridge where Singaporeans had walked past through, even during Lee Kuan Yew's lying-in-state in March 2015.<ref name="National Monument" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Prisca |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/another-15-million-in-restoration-funds-for-owners-of-national-monuments |title=Another $15 million in restoration funds for owners of national monuments |website=The Straits Times |access-date=24 October 2019 |date=15 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhb.gov.sg/-/media/nhb/files/media/releases/new-releases/gazette-3-aug-2019.pdf |title=Singapore River Bridges and the Padang to be gazetted as National Monuments |website=NHB |access-date=26 October 2019 |date=3 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/padang-singapore-river-bridges-gazetted-national-monuments-11778418 |title=Padang, Singapore River Bridges to be gazetted as national monuments |website=CNA |access-date=24 October 2019 |date=3 August 2019 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806132346/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/padang-singapore-river-bridges-gazetted-national-monuments-11778418 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Cavenagh Bridge-article.oga|date=2005-02-15}}

*[[Chong Fah Cheong]]
*[[List of bridges in Singapore]]
*[[The Fullerton Singapore|The Fullerton Hotel]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*Ilsa Sharp, (2005), ''The Journey - Singapore's Land Transport Story'', SNP: Editions, {{ISBN|981-248-101-X}}
*Peter K G Dunlop (2000), ''Street Names of Singapore'', Who's Who Publishing, {{ISBN|981-4062-11-1}}
*{{Structurae|id=20004258|title=Cavenagh Bridge}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Cavenagh_Bridge}}

{{Bridges of Singapore River}}
{{National monuments of Singapore}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bridges completed in 1869]]
[[Category:Downtown Core (Singapore)]]
[[Category:Suspension bridges in Singapore]]
[[Category:National monuments of Singapore]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in the British Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century architecture in Singapore]]

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