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The principality of Wales was to be a short lived creation. As is explained in greater detail elsewhere, the relationship between England and Wales broke down following the death of Henry III in [[1272]]. By [[1276]] Llywelyn had been declared a rebel by the new [[King Edward I]] who was determined to be the master of the whole island of [[Great Britain]]. Diplomatic pressure followed up by an enormous invasion force broke the unity of Wales and allowed the English army to quickly occupy large areas of Wales. This forced Llywelyn back into his Gwynedd heartland. With the capture of [[Môn]] and the Perfeddwlad LLywelyn sued for peace and was forced to sign the [[Treaty of Aberconwy]] which reduced his realm to the much the same situation which had existed at the beginning of his reign in [[1247]]; the entire extent of Gwynedd was confined to the lands above the Conwy. Dafydd was restored and granted some lands in the Perfeddwlad by Edward, including the cantrefi of Rhôs and Rhufoniog.
A confined Llywelyn appears to have put all of his hopes into stabilising the succession through children sired by his new wife [[Eleanor de Montfort]]. Tragedy struck when she died during childbirth in [[1282]], giving birth to a daughter; [[Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn]]. This seems to have driven Llywelyn into what some historians have speculated to be a nervous breakdown and incapacitated him
==End of independence==
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