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'''Missouri''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ɪ|ˈ|z|ʊər|i|audio=En-us-Missouri.ogg}} {{respell|miz|OOR|ee}}) is a double landlocked [[U.S. state|state]] in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwestern]] region of the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Census Regions of the United States|url=https://www.census.gov/const/regionmap.pdf |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=January 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201215949/http://www.census.gov/const/regionmap.pdf|archive-date=February 1, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ranking [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|21st in land area]], it borders [[Iowa]] to the north, [[Illinois]], [[Kentucky]] and [[Tennessee]] to the east, [[Arkansas]] to the south and [[Oklahoma]], [[Kansas]], and [[Nebraska]] to the west. In the south are the [[Ozarks]], a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The [[Missouri River]], after which the state is named, flows through the center and into the [[Mississippi River]], which makes up the eastern border. With over six million residents, it is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|18th-most populous]] state of the country. The largest urban areas are [[St. Louis]], [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield]], and [[Columbia, Missouri|Columbia]]. The [[Capital city|capital]] is [[Jefferson City, Missouri|Jefferson City]].
Humans have inhabited present-day Missouri for at least 12,000 years. The [[Mississippian culture]], which emerged in the ninth century, built cities and [[Mound Builders|mounds]] before declining in the 14th century. The Indigenous [[Osage Nation|Osage]] and [[Missouria]] nations inhabited the area when European people arrived in the 17th century. The French incorporated the territory into [[Louisiana (New France)|Louisiana]], founding [[Ste. Genevieve, Missouri|Ste. Genevieve]] in 1735 and [[St. Louis]] in 1764. After a brief period of [[New Spain|Spanish rule]], the United States acquired Missouri as part of the [[Louisiana Purchase]] in 1803. Americans from the [[Upland South]] rushed into the new [[Missouri Territory]]; Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/poex/index.htm|title=Pony Express National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)|first1=Mailing Address: National Trails Intermountain Region Pony Express National Historic Trail PO Box 728 Santa|last1=Fe|first2=NM 87504 Phone:741-1012 Contact|last2=Us|website=www.nps.gov|access-date=February 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223120436/https://www.nps.gov/poex/index.htm|archive-date=February 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Missouri was admitted as a slave state as part of the [[Missouri Compromise|Missouri Compromise of 1820]]. As a [[Border states (American Civil War)|border state]], [[Missouri in the American Civil War|Missouri's role]] in the [[American Civil War]] was complex, and it was subject to rival governments, raids, and guerilla warfare. After the war, both [[Greater St. Louis]] and the [[Kansas City metropolitan area]] became centers of industrialization and business.
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