Royal Academy Summer Exhibition

In 1768, a group of artists visited King George III and sought his permission to establish a society for Arts and Design. They proposed the idea of an annual exhibition and a school design. King George III approved of the idea and the first exhibition, in 1769, included 136 works.^[2] The name Summer Exhibition dates from 1870.^[2]

Today, around 1,000 works are selected each year from as many as 32,000 entries representing some 16,000 artists.^{[citation needed]} Any artist (living, known or unknown) may submit up to two works at a fee of £40 per piece for selection by The Summer Exhibition Selection and Hanging Committee.^{[citation needed]} Due to the significant increase in the volume of entries over recent years, the number of entries per artist was reduced to 2 (from 3) and the fee was increased per piece. The committee is formed from the Council of Academicians (the governing body of the RA) and is traditionally chaired by the President of the Royal Academy. In addition to those works selected by the committee, all 80 Academicians are entitled to have six of their own pieces in the exhibition.

For the 2006 exhibition, the academy received a statue and a plinth from David Hensel. By mistake, the two parts were judged independently, with the result that the statue was rejected and the plinth put on display.^[3] Some artists apply repeatedly before being selected: in 2024 Alison Aye's accepted piece Shifting to the Moon was her 31st submission.^[4]

The RA Summer Exhibition usually opens to the public in early June, preceded by a series of private viewings. The main event is called "Varnishing Day", the day that, according to popular legend, artists would come to add a final coat of varnish to their paintings (compare: vernissage). Traditionally, artists walk in procession from Burlington House to St James's Church, Piccadilly, where a service is held. At the opening reception the shortlists for various prizes are announced.

Some years have particular themes. The 2005 exhibition theme was "Printmaking and the multiple". In 2006, the theme was "From Life." In 2008, the theme was "Man Made". The theme for 2010 was "Raw".^[5] In 2011, the selection committee agreed to have no specific theme.^{[citation needed]}

Almost all exhibited works are for sale; the Academy receives 30% of the purchase price. In 2003, this amounted to a sum of some £2,000,000 for the institution, which receives no financial support from the state or crown.^{[citation needed]}

• 2005 Stephen Farthing and Christopher Orr^[6]
• 2010 Stephen Chambers^[7]
• 2011 Christopher Le Brun^[8]
• 2012 Tess Jaray^[9]
• 2013 Eva Jiřičná and Norman Ackroyd^[10]
• 2014 Hughie O'Donoghue^[11]
• 2015 Michael Craig-Martin^[12]
• 2016 Yinka Shonibare^[13]
• 2017 Eileen Cooper^[14]
• 2018 Grayson Perry^[15][16]
• 2019 Jock McFadyen^[17]
• 2020 Jane and Louise Wilson^[18]
• 2021 Yinka Shonibare^[19]
• 2022 Alison Wilding^[20]
• 2023 David Remfry^[21]
• 2024 Ann Christopher^[22]

Over £70,000 prize money, including the £25,000 Charles Wollaston Award, is awarded each year at the Summer Exhibition. In addition, a £10,000 architectural prize is awarded.^[23]

The exhibition has received both admiration and criticism.^[2] Jonathan Jones described it in 2019 as the "bloated corpse of a tradition ... [with] a tired, inward looking, end-of-the-road quality".^[17]

An exhibition about the history of the Summer Exhibition, The Great Spectacle, was held in 2018.^[44]

• Staley, A., ed. (1975). The Royal Academy (1837–1901) revisited: Victorian paintings from the Forbes magazine Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (see index)
• The Great Spectacle: 250 Years of the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition (2018), by Mark Hallett and Sarah Victoria Turner
• Posters: A Century of Summer Exhibitions at the Royal Academy (2015), by Mark Pomeroy

• Summer Exhibition website
• The Royal Academy Summer Exhibition: A Chronicle, 1769–2018
• About the Researching the Summer Exhibition project (Paul Mellon Centre)
• RESEARCHING THE SUMMER EXHIBITION (The Royal Academy)
• RA Summer Exhibition: The promotional power of the poster (BBC)
• "The Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, a Chronicle 1769–2018. Index". Chronicle 250. Royal Academy 250. 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2019. (Search facility by artist)

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