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Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock

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William John Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock, PC (8 December 1907 – 14 October 1985) was a British barrister and judge who served as a lord of appeal in ordinary between 1968 and until his death in 1985. Appointed to the English High Court in 1956 and the Court of Appeal five years later, Diplock made important contributions to the development of constitutional and public law as well as many other legal fields. A frequent choice for governmental inquiries, he is also remembered for proposing the creation of the eponymous juryless Diplock courts. Of him, Lord Rawlinson of Ewell wrote that "to his generation Diplock was the quintessential man of the law".

The Right Honourable
The Lord Diplock
PC
Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
In office
30 September 1968 – 14 October 1985
Lord Justice of Appeal
In office
1961 – 30 September 1968
Justice of the High Court
In office
1956–1961
Personal details
Born
William John Kenneth Diplock

(1907-12-08)8 December 1907
Died14 October 1985(1985-10-14) (aged 77)
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Kenneth Diplock was born in South Croydon, the son of solicitor William John Hubert Diplock and his wife Christine Joan Brooke. He was educated at Whitgift School in Croydon and University College, Oxford, where he read chemistry and graduated with a second-class degree in 1929.[1][2] He was Secretary of the Oxford Union for a term in 1929. He later become an honorary fellow of University College in 1958.[3]

Diplock was called to the bar by the Middle Temple in 1932. After two years in the chambers of Sir Valentine Holmes, KC, he transferred to the chambers of Sir Leslie Scott, KC. In 1939, he left legal practice for serve in the Second World War; in 1941, he joined the Royal Air Force, in which he reached the rank of squadron leader. From 1939 to 1948, he was secretary to the Master of the Rolls, Lord Greene.[1]

Returning to the bar in 1945, Diplock was made a King's Counsel in 1948, at the early age of 41.[4] He acquired a large practice in commercial work and in advisory work for Commonwealth governments. He was Recorder of Oxford from 1951 to 1956, and served on the Law Reform Committee.[2]

Judicial career

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In 1956, Diplock was appointed to the High Court of Justice, receiving the customary knighthood. Assigned to the Queen's Bench Division, he was appointed President of the Restrictive Practices Court in January 1961. He was promoted to be a Lord Justice of Appeal in October 1961, and was sworn of the Privy Council. He was chairman of the Security Commission from 1971 to 1982.[2]

He became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary on 30 September 1968[2] and was elevated as a life peer with the title Baron Diplock, of Wansford in the County of Huntingdon and Peterborough to the House of Lords.[5][3]

He became the senior Law Lord upon the retirement of Lord Wilberforce in 1982.[2] He resigned his seniority in October 1984 but remained a Law Lord until his death the following year.

As Lord Diplock, he chaired a commission set up in 1972 to consider legal measures against terrorism in Northern Ireland, which led to the establishment of the juryless Diplock courts with which his name is now often associated.[6]

In September 1985, Lord Diplock sat as a judge for the last time, in a special sitting of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council during the Long Vacation for an urgent civil case from Trinidad and Tobago. Severely ill from emphysema, Diplock came to court from the hospital in a wheelchair and with an oxygen cylinder.

At the time of his death, Lord Diplock was the longest serving law lord as well as the last serving superior judge to not be covered the mandatory retirement age of 75 introduced by the Judicial Pensions Act 1959.[2]

Personal life

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He married Margaret Sarah Atcheson in 1938; they had no children.[7][1]

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He made many contributions to legal thought and pushed the law in new and unique directions, not least UK courts without juries ('Diplock courts)'.[8] His rulings, especially those on administrative law, are often considered as authoritative not only in England but across the Commonwealth and even in the United States, where he has been cited by the Supreme Court.[9][10]

Examples include Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1984] UKHL 9 or R (National Federation of Self-Employed and Small Businesses Ltd) v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1982] AC 617, on grounds of review and locus standi respectively.

He also made important contributions to contract law.[2]

The current typology of grounds for judicial review is owing to Lord Diplock.

Notable judgments

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High Court

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Court of Appeal

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House of Lords

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Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

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Arms

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Coat of arms of Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock
Crest
A demi horse Argent crined and unglued Or supporting a pair of keys interlaced at the bows wards downwards and outwards the dexter Argent the sinister Or.
Escutcheon
Gules a quintain Argent garnished and with a crossbeam and targe double chained towards the base and padlocked Or a border Ermine.
Supporters
On a compartment of ploughed land between pasture within a hedgerow interspersed with paling all Proper dexter a fox hound sinister a fox both Proper.
Motto
Celeriter Ac Diligenter[17]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Sedley, Stephen; Quesne, Godfray Le (2004). "Diplock, (William John) Kenneth, Baron Diplock (1907–1985), judge". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31031. Retrieved 23 September 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Dickson, Brice (1989). "The Contribution of Lord Diplock to the General Law of Contract". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 9 (4): 441. doi:10.1093/ojls/9.4.441.
  3. ^ a b Andrews, Neil (2011). Contract Law. Cambridge University Press. p. 681. ISBN 978-0-521-12467-6.
  4. ^ Barrett, Maxwell (2000). The Law Lords. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 55–56. ISBN 9780230596993. OL 52418712M.
  5. ^ "No. 44687". The London Gazette. 1 October 1968. p. 10537.
  6. ^ "'Diplock' trials could be coming to an end 50 years after they were first introduced". Belfast Telegraph. 7 November 2022. Archived from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Diplock, Baron (Life Peer), ((William John) Kenneth Diplock) (8 Dec. 1907–14 Oct. 1985)". WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. 2007. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u163589. ISBN 978-0-19-954089-1. Archived from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  8. ^ Report of the Commission to Consider Legal Procedures to deal with Terrorist Activities in Northern Ireland Archived 6 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (Cmmd. 5185); full text of the Diplock Report
  9. ^ "Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. v. Pfeifer, 462 U.S. 523 (1983)" (PDF).
  10. ^ "General Electric Co. v. MV Nedlloyd". Archived from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  11. ^ Woolf, Harry (1986). "The Role of the English Judiciary in Developing Public Law". William and Mary Law Review. 27 (4): 675. Archived from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  12. ^ Laws, John (October 1992). "Is the High Court the Guardian of Fundamental Constitutional Rights". Commonwealth Law Bulletin. 18 (4): 1389. doi:10.1080/03050718.1992.9986233.
  13. ^ Sacks, Vera; Maxwell, Judith (May 1984). "Unnatural Justice for Discriminators". The Modern Law Review. 47 (3): 336–337. JSTOR 1095955.
  14. ^ a b Jowell, Jeffrey; Lester, Anthony (April 1988). "Beyond Wednesbury: Substantive Principles of Administrative Law". Commonwealth Law Review. 14 (2): 859. doi:10.1080/03050718.1988.9985971. Archived from the original on 5 September 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
  15. ^ The Hong Kong Fir [1961] EWCA Civ 7
  16. ^ Moschi v. Lep AirServices Ltd. [1973] A.C. 331 per Lord Diplock, confirmed in Photo Production Ltd. v Securior Transport Ltd. [1980] UKHL 2 at [5] per Lord Wilberforce
  17. ^ Baz Manning. Middle Temple Armory.
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