Pharyngeal pouch (embryology)

The endoderm lines the future auditory tube (pharyngotympanic Eustachian tube), middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane. Derivatives of this pouch are supplied by Mandibular nerve.

• Contributes the middle ear, palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve.

• The third pouch possesses dorsal and ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve.

Derivatives include:

• superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland.
• Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal arch).
• Nerve supplying these derivatives is Superior laryngeal nerve.

• Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells.^[1]

• The fourth and sixth pouches contribute to the formation of the musculature and cartilage of the larynx. Nerve supply is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

•  
  Pattern of the branchial arches. I-IV branchial arches, 1–4 pharyngeal pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside)
  a Tuberculum laterale
  b Tuberculum impar
  c Foramen cecum
  d Ductus thyreoglossus
  e Sinus cervicalis
•  
  Floor of pharynx of human embryo about twenty-six days old.

• DiGeorge syndrome
• Branchio-oto-renal syndrome
• List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

• Swiss embryology (from UL, UB, and UF) rrespiratory/korperhohlen01 (Item #1 at Fig. 14)
• Embryology at Temple parch98/ARCHII97/sld017
• hednk-021—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
• hednk-022—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
• Outline at howard.edu (scroll down to "III. THE PHARYNGEAL POUCHES")