Agnes Macdonald, 1st Baroness Macdonald of Earnscliffe

Agnes was born in Spanish Town, Jamaica, to Thomas James Bernard (1796–1850), of Bellevue, south of Montego Bay; member of the Privy Council of the Colony of Jamaica, slave and sugar plantation owner.^[1] Her mother, Theodora Foulks Hewitt (1802–1875), was the daughter of William Hewitt, also of Jamaica, descended from a brother of James Hewitt, 1st Viscount Lifford. She was raised both in Jamaica and in England. The family lost their residence to a planation riot in 1831, which ended the Bernards' time in Jamaica with emancipation of their slaves in 1832.

After her father's death from cholera she came to Barrie, Upper Canada, with her mother in 1854 to live with her brother, Hewitt Bernard (who left in 1851 after giving up the family plantation), a lawyer and private secretary to political leader John A. Macdonald.^[2]

It was through him that she met Macdonald in 1856. It was in 1866, in London, England, where Miss Bernard had been with her mother that she again met her husband-to-be, who was there to prepare the British North America Act. They married on 16 February 1867, and had one daughter, Margaret Mary Theodora Macdonald (1869–1933), who was born severely handicapped, both mentally and physically.^[3]

On the first prime ministerial trip to British Columbia on the newly opened Canadian Pacific Railway, Macdonald built Agnes a platform on the cowcatcher of the locomotive and had a chair nailed to it so she could better see the mountain scenery. During her life in Canada with her husband, she became intimately acquainted with many of the intricacies of the political and historical events of the country.^[4]

Mount Lady Macdonald in Bow River Valley is named after her.^[5][6]

Lady Macdonald Drive in Canmore, Alberta, is named after her.

After her husband's death in 1891 she was raised to the peerage in his honour as Baroness Macdonald of Earnscliffe, in the Province of Ontario and Dominion of Canada.^[7][8] By 1896 she left her home at Earnscliffe to go back to England. She actively participated in social and philanthropic work late into life.^[8] She died in England in September 1920, aged 84, and was buried in the Ocklynge Cemetery in Eastbourne.^[3]

The barony became extinct on her death. Her daughter died in 1933 and also buried in Ocklynge Cemetery. She is the only wife of a Canadian prime minister to be buried outside of Canada and one of two not buried with their spouse.^{[citation needed]}

• Spouse of the prime minister of Canada

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online