Quinault (Kʷínaył) is a member of the Tsamosan (Olympic) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. It is extinct, but efforts are being taken to revitalize it.
| Quinault | |
|---|---|
| Kʷínaył | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Olympic Peninsula, Washington |
| Ethnicity | 1,500 Quinault people (1977)[1] |
| Extinct | 1996[1] half a dozen know some vocabulary (2007)[1] |
| Revival | revival efforts underway[1][2][3] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qun |
| Glottolog | quin1251 |
Phonology
edit| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | lateral | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p | t | ts | tʃ | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | |
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ | ||
| voiced | dʒ | ɡ[a] | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h | ||
| voiced | ɣ[a] | ||||||||||
| Sonorant | m | n | l | j | w | ||||||
- Sounds /w, j, l/ can be heard as voiceless [w̥, j̊, l̥] when within voiceless positions.
- /xʷ/ may also be pronounced as [ʍ] in free variation.[4]
Vowels are represented as /i, ɛ, ə, a, ɔ, u/ and /iː uː aː/.[5][4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
| Open | a aː |
An alternative phonology is as follows:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ||
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Quinault at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Language Department". Quinault Indian Nation, WA. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
- ^ Terry-itewaste 2016, pp. 17–20.
- ^ a b Modrow, Ruth (1971). The Quinault dictionary. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. pp. 365–386.
- ^ Hajda, Yvonne (1990). "Southwestern Coast Salish". In Suttles, Wayne (ed.). Northwest Coast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 503–517.
- ^ Terry-itewaste 2016, p. 27.
References
edit- Terry-itewaste, Cosette Lelani (2016). Quinault Language Revitalization: Bridging Linguistic Theory to Community Classrooms (PhD thesis). University of Arizona.
Further reading
edit- Modrow, Ruth (1967). Introduction to the Quinault language. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. LCCN 68000947. OCLC 430013.
- Modrow, Ruth (1971). The Quinault dictionary. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. OCLC 1023433458.
