Leopold Wenger (4 September 1874 – 21 September 1953) was a prominent Austrian historian of ancient law. He fostered interdisciplinary study of the ancient world (including law, literature, papyri, and inscriptions).[1]
Biography
editWenger was born in his maternal grandparents' castle Trabuschgen in Obervellach (Austria) in 1874.[2] He discovered a love for the study of Latin and Ancient Greek in secondary school.[3] He went on to study law at the University of Graz, where he became interested in ancient law.[4] After completing his doctorate in 1897, he continued his studies at the University of Leipzig under Ludwig Mitteis.[5] He then returned to the University of Graz to write his Habilitation.[4]
In 1902, he became associate professor at the University of Graz. He went on to teach at the Universities of Vienna, Graz, Heidelberg, and Munich.[5] In 1935 he left Munich (and Nazi Germany) to return to the University of Vienna (where he retired early three years later).[4] In 1936, Wenger traveled to the United States where he spoke before the Riccobono Seminar.[6] A devoted Roman Catholic and humanist, he was at odds with the Nazi regime first in Germany and then, after the Anschluss, in Austria, where he withdrew to his castle in Obervellach during World War II.[5]
Contributions
editAt the University of Munich, he founded the Seminar for Papyrus Research.[7] In 1915 he also established the monograph series entitled Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung (“Munich Contributions to Papyrus Research”) and in 1922 expanded the remit of the series to Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und Antiken Rechstgeschichte ("Munich Contributions to Papyrus Research and Ancient Legal History”) which now has over 100 volumes.[8]
In 1953, shortly before he died, Wenger also published his most well-known book Die Quellen des römischen Rechts (The Sources of Roman Law).[9] Wenger had intended to write "a history of the whole legal order of the Romans that would comprise the total of public, procedural, and private institutions in one great unit; however, he completed only this one volume of the massive project he had envisioned.[10] Throughout his career, he wrote, edited, or co-edited thirty books and also authored 88 articles.[11]
Recognition
editWenger received honorary doctorates from Harvard University and the University of Vienna and was a member of the Bavarian Academy of Science and the Prussian Academy of Science.[citation needed]
The legal history division of the law school of the University of Munich was renamed the Leopold Wenger Institute for Ancient Legal History and Papyrus Research in his honor in 1956, under the direction of Wolfgang Kunkel (and Wenger's large library became the core of that institute's collections).[12]
References
edit- ^ Reinhard Zimmermann, “Heutiges Recht, Römisches Recht und heutiges Römisches Recht,” in Reinhard Zimmermann, et al. eds., Rechtsgeschichte und Privatrechtsdogmatik (Heidelberg: C.F. Müller, 1999), pp. 1–39 (20 f.).
- ^ Dieter Nörr, “Leopold Wenger (1874 - 1953),” in D. Willoweit, ed., Denker, Forscher und Entdecker: eine Geschichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in historischen Porträts (Munich, 2009), p. 269.
- ^ A. Sauter, “Pionier der juristischen Papyrologie,” Unser Bayern: Heimatbeilage der Bayerischen Staatszeitung 52, n. 7 (July, 2003), p. 102.
- ^ a b c Nörr, “Leopold Wenger,” p. 270.
- ^ a b c Sauter, “Pionier,” p. 102.
- ^ Salvo Randazo, "Roman Legal Tradition and American Law: The Riccobono Seminar of Roman Law in America," Roman Legal Tradition, vol.1, p. 123, 124 (2002).
- ^ Sauter, “Pionier,” pp. 102-103.
- ^ "Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und Antiken Rechtsgeschichte - Juristische Fakultät - LMU München". www.jura.uni-muenchen.de.
- ^ Reviews of Die Quellen des römischen Rechts:
- Lévy-Bruhl, Henri (1954), Revue historique de droit français et étranger, Quatrième série, 31: 428–429, JSTOR 43844483
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - Last, Hugh (1954), The Journal of Roman Studies, 44 (1–2): 135–136, doi:10.2307/297575, JSTOR 297575
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - Kunkel, Wolfgang (1954), Gnomon, 26 (4): 235–240, JSTOR 27680926
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - Berger, Adolf (October 1954), Classical Philology, 49 (4): 259–261, doi:10.1086/363828, JSTOR 266051
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - Kaser, Max (August 1954), Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung, 71 (1): 403–411, doi:10.7767/zrgra.1954.71.1.403, S2CID 183341425
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - Grosso, G. (January 1954), "Recensioni", Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica, 82: 85
- Bieler, Ludwig (1956), "Compte-rendu", Scriptorium, 10 (2): 324–325
- Lévy-Bruhl, Henri (1954), Revue historique de droit français et étranger, Quatrième série, 31: 428–429, JSTOR 43844483
- ^ Hans Julius Wolff, "Roman Law as Part of Ancient Civilization: Reflections on Leopold Wenger's Last Work," Traditio, vol. 11, p. 381 (1955).
- ^ "Leopold Wenger - Juristische Fakultät - LMU München". www.jura.uni-muenchen.de.
- ^ Sauter, “Pionier,” p. 104.
Further reading
edit- Kunkel, Wolfgang (December 1953), "Leopold Wenger", JuristenZeitung, 8 (23): 741–742, JSTOR 20803246
- Biondi, Biondo (May–June 1954), "Leopold Wenger", Aegyptus, 34 (1): 153–154, JSTOR 41215507
- Lévy-Bruhl, Henri (1954), "Leopold Wenger (1874–1953)", Revue historique de droit français et étranger, Quatrième série, 31: 292–293, JSTOR 43844475