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===Glycolysis===
Glycolysis is an essential process of glucose degrading into two molecules of pyruvate, through various steps, with the help of different enzymes. It occurs in ten steps and proves that phosphorylation is a much required and necessary step to attain the end products. Phosphorylation initiates the reaction in step 1 of the preparatory step<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.bioinfo.org.cn/book/biochemistry/chapt14/sim1.htm|title=Chapter 14: Glycolysis and the Catabolism of Hexoses}}</ref> (first half of glycolysis), and initiates step 6 of payoff phase (second phase of glycolysis).<ref>{{cite book|title=Biochemistry|last=Garrett|first=Reginald|publisher=Saunders College|year=1995}}</ref>
Glucose, by nature, is a small molecule with the ability to diffuse in and out of the cell. By phosphorylating glucose (adding a negatively charged phosphate group), glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate and trapped within the cell as the cell membrane is negatively charged. This reaction occurs due to the enzyme hexokinase, an enzyme that helps phosphorylate many six-membered ring structures. Glucose-6-phosphate cannot travel through the cell membrane and is therefore, coerced to stay inside the cell. Phosphorylation takes place in step 3, where fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase.
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