Effects of climate change: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Effects of global warming, plotted against changes in global mean temperature.png|thumb|400px|alt=Refer to caption and image description|Summary of climate change impacts.]]
The '''effects of [[global warming]]''' are the ecological and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of [[greenhouse gas]]es. There is a [[scientific opinion on climate change|scientific consensus]] that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver.<ref>
{{citation
| author=Joint-statement by leaders of 18 scientific organizations: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Chemical Society, American Geophysical Union, American Institute of Biological Sciences, American Meteorological Society, American Society of Agronomy, American Society of Plant Biologists, American Statistical Association, Association of Ecosystem Research Centers, Botanical Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, Ecological Society of America, Natural Science Collections, Alliance Organization of Biological Field Stations, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, [[Society of Systematic Biologists]], Soil Science Society of America, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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</ref> Due to a lack of scientific understanding, this sea level rise estimate does not include all of the possible contributions of ice sheets (see the section on [[effects of global warming#Greenland and West Antarctic Ice sheets|Greenland and West Antarctic Ice sheets]]).
 
An assessment of the [[scientific literature]] on climate change was published in 2010 by the [[US National Research Council]] (NRC, 2010).<ref name="NRC 2010 projections of sea level rise">
{{citation
| pages=243–245
| chapter=7 Sea Level Rise and the Coastal Environment
| url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12782&page=243
}}, in {{harvnb|NRC|2010}}.
</ref> NRC (2010)<ref name="NRC 2010 projections of sea level rise"/> described the projections in AR4 (i.e. those cited in the above paragraph) as "conservative", and summarized the results of more recent studies. Cited studies suggested a great deal of uncertainty in projections.<ref name="NRC 2010 projections of sea level rise"/> A range of projections suggested possible sea level rise by the end of the 21st century of between 0.56 and 2 m, relative to sea levels at the end of the 20th century.<ref name="NRC 2010 projections of sea level rise"/>
 
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}} This paper was published in 2001 as [http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wp9.pdf Tyndall Centre Working Paper 9]
</ref>
 
== See also ==
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==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
| year=2010
| title=Advancing the Science of Climate Change
| publisher=[http://www.nap.edu The National Academies Press]
| location=Washington, D.C.
| author=America’s Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Division on Earth and Life Studies, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
| url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12782
| isbn=978-0-309-14588-6
| ref=CITEREFNRC2010
}}
* {{cite book
| year = 2008
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| ref=CITEREFNRC2008b
}}
* {{Citation
|year = 1996
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| ref=harv
}}. [http://www.climatechange2013.org/ Climate Change 2013 Working Group 1 website.]
 
* {{cite book
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}}
}}
* {{citation
| year=2006
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| location=London, UK
}}
* {{Include-USGov
| agency=[[US EPA]]
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| ref=CITEREFWDR2010
}}
 
*{{citation
| ref=CITEREFUS NRC2011
| author=US NRC
| year=2011
| title=Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia
| url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12877
| publisher=National Academies Press
| location=Washington, D.C., USA
}}
{{refend}}