Five-star rank: Difference between revisions

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== France ==
{{Main|Marshal of France|Admiral of France|Army general (France)}}
In France, the term "five-star general/admiral" refers commonly to the highest full general or admiral rank,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-17 |title=Jean-Louis Georgelin, un général cinq étoiles au chevet de Notre-Dame |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/jean-louis-georgelin-un-general-cinq-etoiles-au-chevet-de-notre-dame-1012296 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=rédaction |first=La |date=2023-11-06 |title=De la Marine à l’Élysée, la destinée "5 étoiles" de l'amiral Bernard Rogel |url=https://www.nicematin.com/marine/de-la-marine-a-l-elysee-une-destinee-5-etoiles-883572 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Nice-Matin |language=fr}}</ref> equivalent to other armed forces' four-star [[Ranks and insignia of NATO|OF-9]] rank, as, due to historical complications and the former existence of a rank of [[brigadier]] distinct from that of [[Brigadier general|brigade general]], French general officers have one more star than their equivalent-rank counterparts in most countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=à 07h48 |first=Par Yassine El Azzaz Le 20 juillet 2017 |date=2017-07-20 |title=Général cinq étoiles ou quatre étoiles : quelle est la différence ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/general-cinq-etoiles-ou-quatre-etoiles-quelle-est-la-difference-19-07-2017-7144530.php |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pourquoi n'y a-t-il pas de généraux à une étoile ? |trans-title=Why are there no one-star generals? |url=http://32.anocr.com/phocadownload/Us_et_Coutumes/Les_etoiles_des_officiers_generaux.pdf |website=Association Nationale des Officiers de Carrière en Retraite |publisher=Groupement du Gers de l'Association Nationale des Officiers de Carrière en Retraite |language=fr}}</ref>
 
The ranks of equivalent stature and precedence to other countries' 5-star ranks are known in France as the Marshal of France (''Maréchal de France'') and the Admiral of France (''Amiral de France''), and are nominally 7-star "dignities" (there is no 6-star rank). As of late 2023, there have been 342 Marshals of France, of which 78 have been appointed since the [[Napoleonic weaponry and warfare|Napoleonic]] revival of the office in the early 19th Century, the most recent being [[Marie-Pierre Kœnig|Pierre Kœnig]], elevated posthumously to the Marshalcy in 1984. In the same period, there have been 14 Admirals of France, the last being appointed in 1869.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les maréchaux et amiraux de France (du Premier Empire à nos jours) - Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs |trans-title=The Marshals and Admirals of France (from the First Empire to now) - Cemeteries of France and elsewhere |url=https://www.landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article5712 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.landrucimetieres.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Of the 78 Marshals, 77 Marshals have been drawn from the ranks of the [[French Army|Army]], and one from the [[National Gendarmerie|Gendarmerie]], [[Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey]], who also had a significant service history as an army officer during [[Napoleonic Wars|foreign campaigns]]. No officer from the [[French Air and Space Force|French Air Force]] has been elevated to the Marshalcy to date. Moreover, one French officer, [[François Darlan|Darlan]], was appointed to the ''[[sui generis]]'' rank of "[[Admiral of the fleet|Admiral of the Fleet]]", outranking ordinary full admirals, in order to grant him equal rank and status to his then-British [[Dudley Pound|counterpart]], who held the higher rank. Darlan does not appear to have received any particular insignia at home in France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecole Navale / Espace tradition / Officiers célèbres |url=http://ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr/officiers_darlan.htm |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr}}</ref>